ULM Nursing Concepts – Flashcards
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9-12 mo. program usually taught in VoTech, hospitals, or high schools; provides basic bedside care in hospitals, nursing homes, home care & offices
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LPN
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2-3 yr. program taught in hospitals; position provides basic RN care in hospitals & agencies
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Diploma Program
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1-2 yr. program taught in Community and Junior Colleges; provides basic technical care in RN positions, primarily in INSTITUTIONS
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ADN
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4 yr. program taught in Colleges and Universities; provides basic professional practice as an RN, prepares for grad school and other certifications
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BSN
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1-2 yrs. after BSN degree taught in Universities; provides advanced clinical practice, management, education
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MSN
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time frame for these degrees vary, as they can be given in PhD (research), DNS DSN or DNSc (advanced clinical nursing practice), DNP (doctor of nursing practice); provides advanced nursing for clinical practice, research, education and leadership positions
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Doctoral Nursing Degrees
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protection of the public
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Purpose of Licensure
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1. protect the public from unskilled practioners 2. protect the title of RN
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Purpose of NPA
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agency that grants licenses for each state
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State Board of Nursing
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Louisiana nursing licenses are renewed every __ year(s).
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1
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Renewal of nursing licenses vary by each state's NPA, but most generally require renewal every __ year(s).
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2-3
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First state to require mandatory CE (continuing education) for nurses.
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California
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grant/renew licensure, assign disciplinary action when a nurse violates NPA, admit student applicants to clinical courses
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State Board of Nursing Duties
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Is an out of state nurse required to retake the NCLEX in Louisiana?
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No
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Development of the first NCLEX exam
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1982
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NCLEX exam adapted CAT
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1994
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establishes minimal levels of practice - (Nursing LICENSE)
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Licensure
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recognizes excellence in practice - further certifications after licensure awarded my nongovernmental associations
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Certification
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hospital-based diploma, Associate's Degree in Nursing (ADN), Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing (BSN)
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3 types of basic RN programs
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Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing (BSN); 4 year degree
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What type of Nursing school is ULM?
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1. Assessment 2. Analysis 3. Planning 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation
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Nursing Process
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Step of the nursing process in which a nurse gathers subjective and objective information and data about the client
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Assessment
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Step of the nursing process in which the nurse analyzes and classifies assessment data, then identifies actual or potential problems of the client; a nursing diagnoses is then determined based on the data
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Analysis
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Clinical judgement made by a nurse about the client's response to actual or potential health problems/life processes; provide basis of selecting the nurse's interventions
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Nursing Diagnoses
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Step of the nursing process that sets realistic and measurable mutual goals; and develop interventions to meet or ID client needs or problems; modified as necessary
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Planning
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Step of the nursing process where nursing interventions are initiated and carried out in order to reach previously set goals
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Implementation
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Step of the nursing process that collects and reviews data on the progress of the client has made/ not made in relation to set goal; will end in resolving, continuing, or revising the plan.
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Evaluation
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Test given in order to receive license to practice as an RN; all 3 types of RN programs take the same examination
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NCLEX-RN
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1. Safe-guard the public from unsafe practitioners 2. Assist state boards of nursing in determining capabilities for entry-level RN positions
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Purpose of NCLEX
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The NCLEX-RN is a pass/fail exam
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True
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A candidate is given __ hr(s) or less to complete the NCLEX-RN exam.
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6
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Computer Adaptive Testing; test-administering technique used on the NCLEX that uses computer technology and measurement theory. Upon answering each question, the level of the candidate's knowledge, skill, and ability is adapted and leads to choices given for the next question.
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CAT
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Candidates taking the NCLEX are allowed to skip forward/back or change answers once submitted
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False
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Questions of the NCLEX that have only 1 best answer; most commonly used
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Traditional format
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Questions on NCLEX formatted by alternative means of answering that include: Hot spot Multiple response Fill-in-the-blank Graphic option ID Drag & Drop Chart Exhibit Audio
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Alternate items
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Type of alternate question in NCLEX; based on 1+ area in graphics
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Hot spot
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Type of alternate question in NCLEX; select all that do/don't apply
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Multiple response
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Type of alternate question in NCLEX; manual typing of answer without given choices (ex. math)
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Fill-in-the-blank
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Type of alternate question in NCLEX; Identify 1 specific area in graphic
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Graphic option ID
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Type of alternate question in NCLEX; based on prioritization of question asked (ex. sequences)
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Drag and Drop
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Type of alternate question in NCLEX; based on medical charts
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Chart Exhibit
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Type of alternate question in NCLEX; identify specific findings of recording (ex. abnormal heartbeat)
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Audio
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Types of questions used on the NCLEX, based on Bloom's cognitive levels of knowledge; knowledge comprehension application analysis
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Cognitive domain
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Type of cognitive domain question used on NCLEX; based on memorization (ex. facts, definitions)
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Knowledge question
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Type of cognitive domain question used on NCLEX; assesses ability to grasp information given and restate
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Comprehension question
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Type of cognitive domain question used on NCLEX; requires applying previous knowledge to answer
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Application question
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Type of cognitive domain question used on NCLEX; highest level of questioning given; requires complex thought processes that apply knowledge, skills, and abilities
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Analysis question
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The minimum number of NCLEX questions required __.
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75
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The maximum number of NCLEX questions asked __.
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265
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Percent of certainty that represents when candidate is above or below the NCLEX standard goal. The test ends when this percentage has been met either way.
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95%
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1. Safe, effective care environment 2. Health promotion and maintenance 3. Psychosocial integrity 4. Physiologic integrity
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Client needs
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failure to act in a manner that an ordinary person would act in similar circumstances, resulting in harm
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Negligence
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individual named in a person's complaint as responsible for an injury
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Defendant
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the person who claims he/she was injured by the acts of another
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Plaintiff
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unintentional failure of a PROFESSIONAL to meet the standard of conduct another professional would exercise in similar circumstances, results in harm
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Malpractice
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causing a person to FEAR they will be touched without consent
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Assault
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unauthorized harmful or offensive touching of a person
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Battery
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defamation of character caused by written work (charting a patient is 'whiny')
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Libel
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injury to one's reputation by the spoken word
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Slander
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Attack of one's reputation through subjective slander or libel comments.
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Defamation of character
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Information the patient gives personally of their condition (pain in knee); in defamation it is the caretaker's relayed personal opinion, often offensive
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Subjective
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Information regarding a patient that is documented and can be identified (tests, lab values, etc.)
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Objective
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1986. prohibits refusal of care for poor and/or uninsured patients in an ER or urgent care clinics, and transfer/discharge of unstable patients
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EMTALA
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1990. law intended to end discrimination against qualified people with disabilities (vision,hearing,etc) by removing barriers that prevent equal care
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ADA
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1990. requires hospitals to give the patient written notice of their right to: participate in their own healthcare decisions, accept or refuse medical treatment, and make advance health care choices (DNR)
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PSDA
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1996. law to ensure patient confidentiality
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HIPAA
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state's laws defining the scope and limitations of professional nursing practice; protects the public and makes nurses accountable for their actions
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NPA
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-Define "RN" -Describe professional nursing functions -Standardize competent performance -ID behaviors of misconduct or prohibited practices -Include grounds for disciplinary action -List fines and penalties the Board can excise when NPA is violated
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General NPAs
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-issue of a formal reprimand -issue nurse's probation -charge of fines -limit, suspend, or revoke nurse's license
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NPA penalties
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There is an estimated _-_% of RNs in the US are chemically dependent. (drug addiction)
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8-10
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1973. National law that requires all 50 states and Washington D.C. to report specific health problems and suspected or confirmed abuse of infants and children
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Child Abuse Reporting
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4 elements that must be proved for a plaintiff to file a case; 1. Duty of care 2. Breach of duty 3. Actual harm 4. Proximate cause
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Essential Elements to prove Negligence or Malpractice
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nursing care given in life-threatening emergencies that breach the ordinary standard of care
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Emergency situation
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laws that can lessen a nurse's liability or prevent a malpractice claim for care given in an Emergency situation outside the employment setting
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Good Samaritan Immunity
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unlawful restraint of a person
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False Imprisonment
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choice made by a patient of sound mind to not be resuscitated; coincides with the PSDA
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DNR Order
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patients of a sound mind have the right to remain free of restraint
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Use of restraints
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Drug that is ordered in units but administered with a mL syringe
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Heparin
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Listening "I" messages Eye contact Keep promises Empathy Open communication Clarify Information Body Language Use of touch
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Positive communication techniques
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Closed questions Blocking False assurances Conflicting message
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Negative communication techniques
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feeling or expression of pity or sorrow for the distress of another
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sympathy
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perceives and addresses the patient's needs without emotional involvement to the point of immersion
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empathy
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allow others to make decisions; avoid confrontation; inhibited, indirect, self-denying; dishonest rather than state true feelings; winners 'by chance'
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Passive
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makes decisions based on self - to win; immediate needs; manipulate; may be honest, in hurtful ways; superiority complex; instigates and escalates conflict
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Aggressive
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decides based on self and others; self-confident; set limits for others; honest, not hurtful ways; seeks win-win; compromise and collaborate! difficult to develop
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Assertive
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avoid direct confrontation while manipulating to win; undermine through gossip, pouting, and victim; create or escalate conflict; win by making others look bad
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Passive Aggressive
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ALL people involved must view the conflict as a PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED MUTUALLY
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Conflict resolution
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Word choice; tone, pitch, pace; word emphasis; attitude
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Verbal communication
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appearance; facial expressions; eye contact; body; space
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Nonverbal communication
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< 18
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Intimate space
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18 in - 4 ft
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Casual-Personal space
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4-12 ft
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Social-Consultive space
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> 12 ft
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Public space
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when culture, gender, background, and personal experiences become barriers to meaningful communication
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Logical fallacies
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Client Drug Dose Route Time Documentation Reason
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7 rights for Medication Administration
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Pharmaceutical drug with identical components of a brand name drug
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Generic drugs
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Can be many forms of generic drug, generally more expensive
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Trade drugs
