UIUC ANSC 250 – Flashcards
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What banned sport eventually led to the development of dog fighting?
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bull fighting/baiting
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What are the different levels/types of dog fighters?
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Street level Hobbyists Professional New emerging level (those individuals who invest money in fighting ventures)
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What federal laws are in place to prevent dog fighting? What is considered a felony in Illinois in regards to dog fighting?
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-*Animal Welfare Act*: illegal to exhibit, transport, buy, or sell a fighting animal that has been transported across state lines. -*Animal Fighting Spectator Prohibition Act*: federal offense to knowingly attend an organized animal fight; additional penalties for bringing along a child. -*In IL*: felony to own, breed, or train dogs to fight; felony to fight dogs; felony to attend a dog fight; felony to own/sell equipment used to train animals to fight.
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What made the Michael Vick case a truly unique case in regards to dog fighting?
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His dogs were the first to be adopted out/rescued and not euthanized (only a few were euthanized) First time ever that a judge ruled dogs to be evaluated for adoption
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What type(s) of people may be involved in dog fighting?
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anyone!
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was a pit bull who was an American war hero during World War I. (Received a Purple Heart for this contributions)
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Stubby
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The breeding of pit bulls for dog fighting is based around ___ rather than appearance or conformation.
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fighting abilities.
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What is the difference between human and dog aggression? What/Which type(s) of aggression(s) are these fighting pit bulls bred for?
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Pit bulls often are not people-aggressive since they are socialized with people/are around them in the pens, but they are raised to be aggressive towards dogs and other animals. They are often chained up a large distance from one another in order to make the dogs aware of one another, but far enough that they can't attack one another. Fighting pit bulls are bred to be aggressive towards other dogs and other animals, and to fight or be killed (either by other fighting pit bulls or owners).
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What is meant by the term "gameness"?
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The will to stay in the box and not give up easily. (How much pain a pit bull will go through before giving up)
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True or False: Dog fighting is no different than boxing in humans.
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False—dog fighting is not voluntary (trained/forced to fight by owners), the equivalent would be humans fighting with razors and knives since dogs suffer bite marks, puncture wounds, etc.
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After a match, who are the people who primarily provide medical attention (if any) to the dogs?
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Owners or no one, (can't go to vets because they might call the police). Owners often self-medicate/treat their dogs for their wounds, most a great majority of them do not have any veterinary training to do so.
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True or False: Dog fighting occurs in other places around the world.
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true
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At the end of the film, what was the sentence for the dog fighter? How does this compare to that of his "Little Black Dog"?
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"Dogman Tucson" was indicted on multiple counts of animal cruelty and possession of dog fighting paraphernalia. He was sentenced to 6 months of unsupervised probation. His "Little Black Dog" was seized during the arrest and euthanized 4 days later.
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What is a "pit bull," as defined in class?
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A generic term used to describe a breed exhibiting common physical characteristics of one of these breeds: *Staffordshire Bull Terrier American Staffordshire Terrier American Pit Bull Terrier*
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What are the common factors in fatal dog attacks (don't need to know percentages, but what were the common characteristics)?
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-Breed not a significant factor -No able bodied person able to intervene -Victim had no previous relationship with the dog -Dogs were not spayed/neutered -Victim has a compromised ability to manage their interactions with the dog due to age or physical condition -Dog kept as resident dog -Owner's prior mismanagement of the dogs -Owner's abuse or neglect of the dogs
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What is the difference between a resident dog and a family dog?
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*Resident dogs*: maintained exclusively on chains, in kennels or in yards; obtained for negative functions; no positive human interactions; isolated; fearful of humans and likely to bite; unaltered. *Family dogs*: learn appropriate behaviors; social with humans in humane and positive ways; trained; spay/neutered; vet care is given.
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What are some common myths/misconceptions about pit bulls?
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-Pit bulls have locking jaws -Pit bulls can bite with 1000 pounds of pressure per square inch -pit bulls are intolerant to pain -dogs confiscated from dog fighting must be euthanized -only owned by thugs -friendly pitbulls are the exception to the rule
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What is the difference between media reporting today compared to the 1800s?
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*19/20th century*: focused on the dogs function; positive and negative stories; circumstances on attacks explained; blame was on owner. *Today*: negative fear inducing stories, missing/ inaccurate details, focus on breed, blame is on the dog, dog bite happens "out of the blue"
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What does the media reporting of today assume to be true of dogs and dog bites?
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Dogs attack without warning, all dogs are family dogs, all dogs are purebred
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What types of laws are enacted in response to fear of a breed of dog? Is this effective at enhancing public safety? Why or why not?
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Breed Specific Laws lead to discrimination→ Breed Discriminatory Legislation (BDL), Not effective, dog bites don't decrease
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Which US city discussed in class has very strict legislation in place in which city officials removed dogs from homes and euthanized them because they were deemed "pit bulls"?
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Denver, Colorado
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What technology is being utilized now to determine breeds of mixed breed dogs?
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DNA testing
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Were any of Michael Vick's dogs able to be successfully reintroduced into society after their rescue from his dog fighting operation (think to the video shown in class)?
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Yes, 48/49 were allowed to go to foster/adoptive homes or sanctuary
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What is an exotic animal? What are some examples of common exotic pets?
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Animals other than native wildlife or common domestic pets. Exotics: Snakes, monkeys, tiger, parrot
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Where are different sources of exotic pets?
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Wild caught or captive bred
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What are some issues associated with owning exotic pets?
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-Safety risk -Disease: 6% of cases of Salmonellois, banned small turtle sales -Special needs: diet, temp, humidity, exercise, companionship
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What is a zoonotic disease?
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Any infectious disease that can be transmitted between species from animals to humans or from humans to animals
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What are the key pieces of federal legislation in place to protect animals in regards to exotic animal ownership?
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*Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES)*: - appendix 1: prohibits the trade (import or export) of species threatened with extinction - appendix 2: though a species is not at an immediate risk of extinction, it may become so and as such a country justify management practices can be approved - appendix 3: species are listed at the request of a country for cooperation with other countries to prevent risk of local extinction *Wild Bird Conservation Act*: -ensure that exotic bird species are not harmed, by international trade, -limits of species that can be imported in the U.S. (enacted 1992) *US Captive Wild Safety Act*: bans the sale or transport of big cats across state lines, passed 2003, enforced in 2007
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How long can parrots live for?
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60+ years
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What did the owner of Dolly, the cockatoo, purchase to deal with one of her common, natural behaviors? What behavior is this?
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noise canceling headphones the behavior is communicating
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What did the woman from the bird rescue list as the three characteristics potential bird owners are looking for in their companion? Which species has these characteristics according to this rescuer?
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1. Quiet 2. Not biting 3. Talking No species
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What happened with Basil, the Amazon, shortly after his owner Russ returned home from a long trip away from home? Why did his owners think he did this?
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Basil pulled off all his feathers on his chest / Basil was upset and angry that Russ left him for so long, you have to be there for them, they are social animals
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Are there any special requirements for someone who wants to own or breed parrots?
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No requirements. <- no, you need at least 35 sq miles of space to own a parrot
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Which famous bird made the African Grey popular with bird owners? What behaviors made other African Greys different from this famous bird that caused many of them to be surrendered?
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Alex / African Greys love to sing Alex was trained, other african greys were surrendered because they make noises that hurt the ears
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Would we be able to release captive birds back into the wild in an attempt to give them a more natural life? Why or why not?
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No / Risk of spreading diseases; No, they do not have the skills to survive
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What is the difference between animal assisted activities and animal assisted therapy? What are some examples of each?
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-*Animal assisted activities*: same activity for many, meet and greet, visitation, petting, entertainment, educational, unregulated, dog doesn't need to be registered/licensed -*Animal assisted therapy*: using the healing power of dogs to meet therapeutic goals, activity tailored to individual client, goal directed, active animal is integral, documented, led by health/human service professional, progress is measured
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What is the organization that Tom and Harriet (and their dogs) were registered with? What is required for this registration?
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*Pet Partners* (formerly Delta Society) -dog must be 1 year old and owned for 6+ months -handler and dog are evaluated on skills and aptitude test (handler takes written exam) -dogs must be predictable, calm, obedient, trusting, and responsive to people
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How is playing with a dog therapy? Think about the demonstrations in class.
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Client's interaction with the dog focuses their efforts, targeted exercises are "hidden" behind an enjoyable activity
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What is a volunteer's first responsibility as part of an animal assisted therapy team?
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Handler's first responsibility is to their pet
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Who sets the goals for the day in an animal assisted therapy session?
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Staff set agenda and facilitate session
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What is a "service animal" according to the Americans with Disabilities Act? What is an "emotional support animal"? Which animals can and can NOT be each of these?
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-*Service animal*: dogs that are individually trained to do work or perform tasks for people with disabilities Service animals can be dogs or sometimes miniature horses -*Emotional support animal*: dog or other common domestic animal that provides therapeutic support through companionship, non-judgmental positive regard, and affection
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What is an assistance dog?
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Animals that provides a *specific service to a person with a disability*, as well as providing them greater independence and companionship
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What are the two questions that you may ask a person with a service animal? What can you not ask them? When can a person with a service animal be asked to leave an establishment?
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-Can ask: Is this service animal required for the person's disability? What task has the dog been trained to perform? -CANNOT ask: Proof of disability, what disability is, proof that the dog is a service animal -Dogs can be asked to leave only if it is being unruly or aggressive
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What is the Fair Housing Act and what does it do in regards to service animals and ESAs?
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Protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination when seeking a place to live when renting property, includes ESAs and service animals
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What is "intelligent disobedience"?
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Animals will willingly disobey their owners commands for the sake of the owners safety. (refuse a command if it risks the safety of the handler)
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What are some common roles dogs have as assistance dogs?
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Guide dogs Hearing dogs Service dogs Mobility assistance Medical alert Autism assistance Veterans with PTSD Allergen alert
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What belief is based around the idea of exerting force over your dog? Is this effective at training animals as service animals? What is this idea based around, and what does it overemphasize and underemphasize? List one popular person who promotes this technique?
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*Dominance Theory*: does not work Based on "pack" structure, over emphasizes conflict and under emphasizes cooperation *One popular person*: Cesar Millan
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What is the most useful and effective way to train a dog? How does a person train an animal using this method? Is this effective at training animals? What are the three types of rewards discussed?
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*Positive reinforcement!* When a favorable outcome, event, or reward occurs after an action, that particular response or behavior will be strengthened making it more likely to be repeated *Reward* desired behaviors and *interrupt/ignore* unwanted behaviors: Effective!! *Three rewards*: treat, praise, toy
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What was the training school that Beth Finke's dogs came from?
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The Seeing Eye
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Was Beth Finke born blind, or did she lose her sight later in her life?
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She gradually started to lose her sight, she saw dots of blind spots before total blindness. (retinopathy disease)
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What do guide dogs do first when a handler tells them to cross the street, before actually crossing?
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They stop at the curb and look both ways before allowing the command to be carried out.
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Where have Beth's retired guide dogs gone?
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her friends
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What is one of Beth Finke's jobs? More specifically, what did she do that earned her a Henry Bergh Award?
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wrote a book
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Has Beth Finke ever had issues getting into a public establishment with her service dog?
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She has, I believe she stated she had trouble getting into a Jimmy Johns.
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What did Harper demonstrate when he pulled back and saved Beth from a car coming into the crosswalk? Note that all guide dogs are trained to do this.
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Intelligent Disobedience
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What are the three breeds that the guide dog school Beth went to breeds and raises specifically to be service dogs? Why are these three dogs chosen? Why did Beth say they would not use one specific breed mentioned in class?
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Golden Retrievers German Shepherds Labs Chosen because of temperament, size, strength, and energy Do not use pit bulls because there is too much breed discrimination
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Where was Zuri born and raised?
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Slovakia
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What type of dog is Zuri (breed)?
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Belgian Malinois
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What is Zuri's main job as a police dog?
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Bomb/explosives: Explosive detection dog
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What is Zuri's reward for a job well done?
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ball
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Where does Zuri stay once she is done with her job for the day?
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Her handlers house
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When Zuri finds what she is looking for, how does she alert her handler?
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by sitting
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What did Officer Chew say about the common fate of police dogs shortly after they retire?
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They tend to die from depression shortly after they retire
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Where did Nala go after her retirement? Who did she live with?
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officer chew
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What were some of the working roles of horses throughout the history of the United States?
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Farming, coal mines, agriculture, transportation, war, horse shows, polo
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Where are horses found today in the United States?
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Every state in the US has horses
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What do horses need to be healthy (think of the 4 F's)?
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Friends Forage Freedom Fluids
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Who is able to find a job related to the horse industry?
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Careers working directly (vet, trainer, breeder) and indirectly (Actuary, architect, reporter) with horses: Everyone!
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What was the impact of the closure of U.S. slaughter plants on the number of unwanted horses and horses being slaughtered?
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Number of unwanted horses in the US climbed to 166,000 as a result of closure of equine slaughter facilities
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What are the options for someone who has an unwanted horse?
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Sold or gifted, slaughter, neglected/abandoned
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What are some common pieces of equipment used for agility?
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A-Frame, Dog walk, Teeter-totter, open and closed tunnel, jumps/hurdles, pause table, pause box, weave poles
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What is the difference between performance and conformation? Know some examples of each type of sport/competition.
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*Performance*: Based on function/abilities EX: AKC and UKC Agility Competition, Flyball, Course Luring, Tracking Trials, etc. *Conformation*: Meeting the breed standard EX: AKC Westminster Dog Show, Dog and cat shows
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Who is Wallace, and how does he relate to this lecture, but also the pit bull lecture?
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Wallace was set to be euthanized because of his breed (pitbull) and high energy but two volunteers adopted him. He became a world champion disc dog and breed ambassador; he just needed an outlet for his energy
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What are Earth Dog Trials? What type(s) of dogs are used in this competition?
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Used to showcase the dog's natural abilities to hunt game in small tunnels Types of dogs: Terriers, dachshunds
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What is the Iditarod? What are some of the welfare concerns associated with this event?
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"The Last Great Race on Earth", 1200 mile race across Alaska *Welfare concerns*: dogs become injured and die, inadequate dogs disposed of, conditions dogs are kept in during summer months
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What are some of the issues inherent in greyhound racing that makes it controversial? Who owns greyhounds at racing tracks? What could someone with a greyhound become involved in if they wanted their dog to compete based on their speed that would be more acceptable?
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-Issues: gambling purpose, dogs housed in controversial conditions, dogs bred for profit, disposed of poorly (killed, sent to research labs) -Dogs are owned by the racetrack -Lure Coursing is more acceptable instead of Greyhound racing
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What are the three parts of Schutzhund trials?
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Tracking Obedience Protection
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What were the original functions for dogs generally based around? List some of the more traditional working roles.
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*Dogs were originally bred and used as working animals:* - function varied based on the needs of humans - generally based on modified hunting behaviors - emphasize one behavior and hide/inhibit others Traditional working roles: hunting, livestock protection and herding, pulling, protection
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What type of dogs were likely some of the first bred for a specific purpose/function?
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Hunting (sighthounds) were probably one of the first dogs bred for a specific function -Saluki, greyhound, Irish wolfhound, Whippet, Scottish Deerhound
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What are the differences between sight and scent hounds (besides the obvious)?
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*Sight*: hunt based on sight from a long distance, tend to be fast dogs that can chase prey, developed in arid, desert-like environments *Scent*: bred and trained to track prey by scent, large, droopy ears and more open nasal passages for capturing and processing scents, bred for endurance not speed, shorter hounds (hunting on foot, taller hounds (hunting on horseback)
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What are the 4 behaviors/types of gun dogs?
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Pointer (English pointer) Retrievers (Labrador and Golden retrievers, poodles) Setters (English and Irish Setter) Flushing (Spaniels)
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What is the purpose of livestock protection dogs and how are they raised to do their job?
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Some dogs were bred specifically to guard livestock Raised with livestock (sheep/goats) they are meant to protect Socialized to see them as family Protect them from natural predators (wolves, cougars, coyotes) Do not fight/kill, mainly used as a deterrent Example breeds: Great Pyrenees, Kangal, Anatolian Shepherd
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What trait of livestock is utilized when using a herding dog? What is the type of herding dog used to take on much larger and potentially dangerous livestock?
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-Dogs must be able to listen to their handler, but be quick to think independently -Use flocking of livestock (sheep) -Some herding dogs are bred as "heelers" - nip at the heels of larger livestock such as cattle (tend to be smaller to avoid kicks) -Border collies, corgis, Australian cattle dog, German Shepherd, Old English sheepdog
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What are two uses of dogs bred and trained for pulling?
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Sled dogs (colder, snow covered environments) work in packs -Huskies, malamutes, Alaskan husky (technically a mixed breed) Cart dogs pulled carts individually -Bernese Mountain Dog, Rottweiler, St. Bernards
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What are military dogs classified as at retirement?
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equipment
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What is the difference between tracking and trailing?
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*Tracking*: when a dog follows an *exact* scent of a person *Trailing*: when a dog can *pick up* the scent of a person, even if it has been dispersed by wind or rain
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What are cadaver dogs trained to detect and what are they trained to ignore?
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Trained to ignore live human/animal scents and to search for only for human remains
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What are search and rescue dogs trained to detect?
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Trained to find any human scent under rubble
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What are the dogs who are part of the Beagle Brigade trained to detect? Where are they located for this job?
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- Dogs are trained to detect and alert to only specific products, and to ignore others - Prevent entry of agricultural products - Check luggage at airports
