UF LEI 3301 Exam 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What must the definition of tourism always include?
answer
The tourist The business (goods/services) The government The host community
question
The 4 Components
answer
International (in-bound & out-bound) Internal Domestic National
question
Basic Approaches of Tourism
answer
Institutional Product Historical Managerial Economic Sociological Geographical Interdisciplinary Systems
question
Why are out of town guests valued?
answer
New money into the community
question
UNWTO
answer
United Nations World Tourism Organization Promotes responsible and sustainable tourism Extended the definition of the industry
question
How much was spent in 2015 on goods and services related to tourism ?
answer
$1,260 billion
question
In many countries tourism is ranked among top ____ industries
answer
3
question
Tourism Receipts
answer
Amount invested or spent. Movement of money
question
Projections for Travel and Tourism by 2030
answer
International travel predicted to increase by 3.3% Emerging economies increase 4.4% Advance nations increase 2.2%
question
World Tourism Share (2015)
answer
Middle East (increased 2%) Africa (decreased 3%) Every other region (increase 5%) Emphasis on Asia&Pacific (China)
question
Top Emerging Economies for Tourism
answer
Asia Latin America Central/Eastern Europe Middle East Africa
question
2015 Most Popular Destinations in the World 2015
answer
1. France (down 11.5% b/c of attacks) 2. U.S. 3. Spain 4. China 5. Italy
question
# of U.S Residents that Travelled Internationally 2015
answer
73 million
question
Top Destinations for U.S Travelers
answer
1. Mexico 2. Canada 3. UK 4. France 5. Italy
question
Where does Tourism rank against other industries within the U.S ?
answer
Tourism is the 3rd largest retail industry behind car and food sales
question
Tourism is the ____ largest employer within the U.S.
answer
2nd Tourism ranks 1st, 2nd, or 3rd largest employer in 29 states
question
Tourism at World Level
answer
1 in 11 jobs (284 million directly employeed) 9.8% of customer spending 7% of world exports (goods & services)
question
Tourism contributed $________ in economic output in 2015 and how much total GDP?
answer
$1.6 trillion; 2.7% of total GDP
question
Without tax revenue from tourism each household would pay an additional ___________ per year
answer
$1093
question
Tourism in U.S.
answer
81 million people employed in tourism (direct & indirect)
question
Travel Promotion, Enhancement, and Modernization Act of 2014
answer
Marketing for companies
question
USTA - U.S. Travel Association
answer
Defines the tourist: -50 miles or more away OR -Stay overnight regardless of distance
question
International Tourist
answer
A visitor who stays at least 1 night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited
question
International Travel Timeline
answer
1950 - commercialized air travel - WW2 exposure to world and tech. innovations 1960-1980 - Begin management of International travel 1970 - 747 Jumbo jet (300+ people & cheap) 2000s - 9/11 slowed down the economy - diversify the economy - safety and security became a concern late 2000s - 2015; 1.184 million international travelers - U.S. dollar strong
question
How many people visited Florida in 2015?
answer
105 million
question
Tourism was _____% of Florida GDP in 2015
answer
20%
question
How much was spent in Florida by tourists in 2015?
answer
$89.1 billion
question
How much sales tax was generated from tourism goods in Florida in 2015?
answer
$5.3 billion
question
How many people were employed in Florida tourism in 2015?
answer
Over 1.24 million
question
Top Florida tourist activities (not in order)
answer
Beaches Dining Shopping Visiting Friends Relatives Theme Parks
question
Florida's Top Domestic Markets
answer
New York Georgia Illinois
question
Florida's Top International Markets
answer
Canada U.K Brazil Argentina
question
Motivations to Travel
answer
Trade Expansion Exploration Religion War Diplomacy Vacation Health Sport Festivals
question
The Ulysses Factor (Wanderlust)
answer
Quest for adventure - voyage for self-discovery, self-fulfillment rights of passage vs. self-identification
question
Greeks held huge sport festivals to honor the God's
answer
776 BCE
question
Why did early ancient civilizations hold sporting festivals?
answer
Honor the Gods (Greek) Keep citizens happy/amused
question
How do we know people were practicing tourism BCE?
answer
Some records Tourist Graffiti
question
How were early tourists similar to modern tourists?
answer
They bought souvenirs, spent money on accommodation, good ; transportation, employed guides, bought guide books and left graffiti
question
When did the Sumerians invent money?
answer
4000 BCE
question
Why was the invention of money significant?
answer
Represented the value of the good/service. Limited accessibility. Currency strengths.
question
When did Egyptians organize cruises
answer
5000 yrs ago (the first cruises)
question
When did the pyramids draw tourists to the region?
answer
2700 BCE
question
How many miles of Roman Roads were created during their reign?
answer
50,000 miles
question
What was relevant about how Romans built their roads?
answer
They made straight roads to get from point to point
question
Why did the Romans need roads?
answer
Increase their wealth Oversee the empire Value of leisure Desire to travel
question
The Dark Ages 500 CE-1450
answer
Fall of the Roman Empire Holy Wars ; pilgrimages Marco Polo
question
Marco Polo
answer
traveled from China to Italy in 13th century Silk Road - trading in silk
question
Holy Wars and pilgrimages
answer
-Most of long journeys -monasteries ; hospices
question
Silk Road
answer
Main trading road Used by Marco Polo???
question
Enlightenment
answer
???
question
Renaissance
answer
-The Age of Enlightenment -Travel was educational -training of men nobility
question
Grand Tour
answer
17th - 18th centuries
question
Developments in the 18th and 19th centuries
answer
- Spas by the Greeks (popular during Trojan eras) -"sea bathing" -Victorian England - Seaside Resorts
question
1772
answer
Canal barges used for passengers
question
1815
answer
Steamboat trips were popular
question
1830
answer
Passengers and freight on board the train from Liverpool to Manchester
question
Robert Smart
answer
1822; Steamship excursions
question
Thomas Cook
answer
1841; first package/group tour- day trip by train
question
Thomas Bennett
answer
1850; first "trip organizer" for individual clients
question
American Express
answer
1850; first traveler checks
question
Railroad Expansion in the U.S.
answer
1826-1840
question
1908
answer
Henry Ford's Model T
question
1903
answer
First flight with the Wright brothers
question
1926
answer
First passenger airlines - Varney Airlines and Western
question
1959
answer
First transcontinental flight LA - NYC
question
1970
answer
First transatlantic by jumbo jet - Boeing 747
question
How did WWII affect tourism and travel?
answer
-Increase technological advancement, exposure to foreign countries and period following of prosperity, optimism, new values and democratization of travel -defined societal status
question
Democratization of Travel
answer
???
question
Where is tourism looking to go in the 21st century?
answer
Space tourism and space travel
question
Lodging
answer
2014 in US $176 billion sales 40% business 60% leisure
question
Occupancy Rate
answer
For the lodging industry - 64.4%
question
Average Daily Rate
answer
???
question
RevPAR
answer
Total sold revenue per number of rooms in a specific period of time ADR x Occupancy % = RevPAR Total Revenue / Total rooms available for sale = RevPAR
question
By how much does the number of hotel rooms increase per year? (estimated by UNWTO)
answer
2.5%
question
Segmentation of Lodging Industry
answer
Services, location, price
question
Trends in Lodging
answer
-Chains & Franchise Affiliation -Consolidation & Acquisition
question
Multibranding
answer
market similar products by same firm but under a different brand (DIFFERENT brands)
question
Cannibalism
answer
(in own words) when one of the products offered by the business causes another product's sales to decrease or disappear in the same business.
question
Franchise Affiliation
answer
franchisor gives right to distribute products, techniques and trademark for a percentage of gross monthly sales and a royalty fee
question
Expanded Brand
answer
1 brand offers different services -one brand offering multiple services (ALL under SAME brand)
question
Bed and Breakfast
answer
-Leisure travelers are their largest market segment -Average of 6 rooms -average room rate of $150 -occupancy rate of 43.7%
question
"Word-of-mouth"
answer
referrals and marketing guides main marketing tool
question
Timeshare Resorts
answer
-one of the fastest growing/most resilient sectors of the travel industry -world-wide practice (95 countries)
question
North America is the ________ in timeshare market
answer
leader; 46% of all timeshare ownership resorts
question
How much of the nations timeshare resorts are in Florida?
answer
23%
question
How many employees does Food Service industry employ?
answer
13.5 million- 10% of U.S Workforce 55% female
question
2016 Food Industry Sales
answer
$783 billion
question
Segmentation of Food Services
answer
Type of restaurant travel food service vending ; contract institutional
question
Segmentation of Food Industry
answer
Restaurants - specialty Travel Food Service - in hotels, motels, airports, etc. Vending and Contract Institutional Food Service - not usually considered (in nursing homes, hospitals, etc)
question
Growth in Franchising in the Food industry
answer
-Increase in ethnic foods -increase in demand for healthier food (local, organic, etc)
question
Culinary Tourism
answer
pursuit of unique and memorable culinary experiences of all kinds often while traveling
question
National Restaurant Association (NRA)
answer
-60,000 members -Goals: -political action -information -promotion
question
MICE
answer
Meetings, Incentives, Convention and Exhibitions
question
Meetings
answer
Association Meetings Corporate Meetins
question
Meeting and Convention Industry worth
answer
$122.3 billion a year *Moves with economy
question
How much does the average convention attendee spend per day?
answer
$290
question
How many convention centers are in the US?
answer
330
question
CVB vs DMO
answer
-Convention and Visitor Bureau (CVB) -liason; assist meeting planners; promote tourism w/in the local area; source of information for visitors -Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) -???
question
70 % of the worlds lodging is located in
answer
North America and Europe
question
World hotel room inventory grew
answer
2.5% yearly
question
Air travel dominates long distance trips, cars dominate________.
answer
shorter distance trips
question
Concerns of Transportation
answer
Congestion Safety/Security Environment Seasonality
question
Modes of Transportation
answer
Airline Motor coach Cars/Automobiles Cruise Lines
question
Airlines carry over ______________ passengers per year WORLDWIDE
answer
2.4 billion
question
Deregulation of Airlines 1978
answer
-Increase in Budget Airlines or Low Cost Carriers (LCC) -30% or airlines in US -Ex. Southwest Airlines
question
Trends in Airline Industry
answer
Consolidation - Airline Alliances Monopoly More taxes Code Sharing Increased # of Flights
question
Advantages/Disadvantages of Air Travel
answer
-Efficiency, Speed, and Time -Less environmentally friendly, fear of flying, lack of geographical accessibility, time waste (delays), and security concerns
question
Rail industry usage peaked in
answer
1920s
question
Rail Industry Advantages
answer
-energy-efficiency, faster than car, eliminate air-travel troubles.
question
2015 Amtrak carried _______________ passengers
answer
30.8 million
question
Buses carry about ______ passengers per year
answer
752 million
question
Advantages of Motorcoach
answer
cheap ; easy access
question
Who rides inter city motor coaches?
answer
lower income groups- students and elederly
question
What is the primary method of transportation?
answer
The Automobile
question
Congestion
answer
-Since 1969 the number of cars has risen by 144% -The number of drivers increased by 72%
question
How many people in the US use recreation vehicles(RVs)?
answer
over 30 million
question
The cruise industry is the ____________ growing segment of the travel industry
answer
fastest; growth rate of 8%
question
Trends in Cruise Industry
answer
size of ships is increasing, number of passengers is increasing, facilities on board are getting more varied, and alternative cruises are emerging (river cruise, private cruise) -size of ships, # of passengers, and facilities on board
question
Challenges of the Cruise Industry
answer
-growing awareness -inaccurate price perceptions
question
New Urbanism
answer
trying to go back to old style of community/small community within big city
question
Early Florida
answer
primary industry- citrus fruit and timber Jacksonville - most important city very rural -People from the North visit to escape the snow
question
Ledyard Bill
answer
noted that there was not much there in FL 1860 -low land, swampy, rural, etc.
question
Henry Morrison Flagler
answer
-shaped the foundation for Florida's tourism industry -Standard Oil Company -Pre-Disney of his time
question
What did Flagler do?
answer
-Rebuilt railroads -Built hotels -continued moving South -Goal: get to the Keys
question
What is the world's largest hotel?
answer
The Royal Poinciana
question
Flagler's Legacy
answer
- Railroad - infrastructure and industry - Hotels-tourism for upper class
question
Democratization
answer
change in popularity of something based on social class
question
Attractions
answer
natural and manufactured are major reason people travel -least amount of time during excursion
question
Attractions Industry in US generates approx $_______ in annual revenues
answer
$11.5 billion
question
Cultural Attractions
answer
historical, architectural, industrial
question
Natural Attractions
answer
landscape, seascape, park, flora, fauna
question
Events
answer
events, festivals, religious, sport, trade
question
Recreation
answer
golf, hiking, biking, snow
question
Entertainment
answer
theme parks, amusement, casino, cinema, shopping
question
Theme Parks
answer
primarily privately owned rapid growth rate since 1955
question
Walt Disney World
answer
largest theme park in the world, dominates industry
question
Disney Parks
answer
1- Magic Kingdom 2- Epcot 3- Hollywood Studios 4- Animal Kingdom
question
Animal Kingdom
answer
holds 2000 animals across 300 species
question
Auxiliary Attraction
answer
disney world sports complex, disney water parks
question
International Association of Amusement Parks & Attractions
answer
IAAPA 5000 members in 99 countries standardization of management and services conducts research and training sessions
question
Future of amusement parks
answer
Dubailand (known for architecture) most ambitious entertainment project
question
How many visitors did Animal Kingdom host in 2015?
answer
10.9 million - 3rd most popular park in the world
question
Influence of Disney
answer
change concept of theme park by making it divided by themes - shows, rides, restaurants, shops
question
Casino Capital of World
answer
Las Vegas
question
Gaming Industry is worth
answer
$92.3 billion
question
1993 (Gambling)
answer
more Americans visited casinos than major league ballparks
question
Diff. Gaming Centers in US
answer
Las Vegas, Atlantic City, Native American Indian Reservation
question
Recreation
answer
primarily outdoor rec/adventure tourism
question
How much annual expenditures does recreation generate?
answer
$646 billion
question
How many direct American jobs does recreation generate?
answer
6.1 million direct jobs
question
National Parks
answer
-Mandate conservation and recreation -305 million visits
question
Conservation vs. Recreation vs. Preservation
answer
-Conservation- to protect for future generations -Recreation- to use for leisure (contradicts) -Preservation- both; designated areas; systematic management
question
Trends in Parks
answer
-climate change -animals for entertainment -focus on conservation and education
question
20 parks count for _______% of total visits
answer
43.9%
question
Top Parks in the nation (based on # of visits)
answer
#1. Blue Ridge Parkway (15+ visitors) #2. Golden Gate National Recreation Area
question
Recreation represents $_____ in annual expenditures
answer
$646 billion
question
Flagler's first visits to Florida
answer
1878 then 1883 "Land of almost unlimited possibility"
question
Ponce De Leon Hotel
answer
St. Augustine 1888 1000 guests electric lights
question
Name of Flagler Properties in St. Augustine
answer
Ponce De Leon Hotel Alcazar Hotel Cordova Royal Poinciana Palm Beach Inn
question
Flagler and the Railroad
answer
purchased and rebuilt railroad from Jacksonville to St. Augustine. Would continue to build railroads through Florida going south
question
1896 (Flagler)
answer
First train in Miami
question
1897 (Flagler)
answer
opened the Royal Palm Hotel
question
1912 (Flagler)
answer
First train in Key West
question
Flagler's Railroad Legacy
answer
infrastructure and industry
question
Flagler's Hotel Legacy
answer
increased tourism, changed image of Florida
question
Entertainment and Festivals
answer
-live music -theater -sports events -festivals -shopping
question
Live Music
answer
Nashville, TN Ex. Burning Man
question
Theater
answer
Broadway, Las Vegas, blah blah
question
Sports Events
answer
Mega Events - Olympics and the FIFA Major Events - PGA Tournaments Local Sports Events - Amateur events
question
Festivals
answer
-Appeal to broad audience -Often for locals -Volunteers are KEY to success -Showcase local culture -Enhance economic well-being -Spread tourism seasonally
question
Shopping
answer
-*Biggest in FL -major reason for vacation -Outlet Malls- usually next to other attractions -Souvenirs and Gift Shops (locally manufactured)
question
Tourism
answer
the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host gov, and host communities and surround environment that are involved in the attracting and hosting of visitors
question
Inbound tourism
answer
visit to a country by nonresidents
question
Outbound Tourism
answer
visits by residents to another country
question
Internal Tourism
answer
visits within 1 country of residence
question
Domestic Tourism
answer
residents visit their own country
question
National Tourism
answer
internal tourism and outbound tourism
question
traveler
answer
any person on a trip between 2+ countries or 2+ localities within their country of residence
question
visitors
answer
travelers that engage in tourism
question
international visitors
answer
travel for a time no longer than 12 months to another country
question
same day visitors
answer
do not spend the night @ a destination
question
tourists
answer
visitors who stay for at least one night
question
U.S defined tourist as traveling ____ miles in 1973
answer
50 or more
question
Operating Sectors of Tourism
answer
1. Accomodation 2. Food Service 3. Attractions 4. Events 5. Adventure ; Outdoor Rec 6. Trade
question
Planning, Development, Promotion and Catalyst Organizations
answer
visionaries, policy makers, strategic planners, individuals, groups that "make the right things happen"
question
Destination Management Organization
answer
responsible for providing the insight and leadership necessary to envisage and bring policies/plans to reality
