U.S. History Unit 8 – Flashcards
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Cold War
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A conflict between countries, with no actual fighting
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Iron curtain
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A barrier of secrecy that kept Soviet controlled nations apart from the rest of Europe
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Satellite
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A nation controlled by another country
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Containment
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A policy of preventing a country from expanding its power
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Refugee
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A person who flees to a foreign country
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Superpower
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One of the most powerful nations in the world; Soviet Union and the U.S.
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Demilitarized zone
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Area that military forces can't enter; one was created at the 38th parallel once the Korean War was over
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Perjury
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Telling a lie under oath
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McCarthyism
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Named after Senator Joseph McCarthy, practice of publicly accusing people of political disloyalty without regard for evidence; spread rapidly throughout the U.S. during 1950's
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Presidential Candidates of 1948
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Strom Thurmond, Henry A. Wallace, Thomas E. Dewey, and Harry Truman; Truman unexpectedly won
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Harry Truman
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Won re-election in the presidential election of 1948
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Thomas Dewey
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Was the reported winner of the 1948 presidential election, but actually lost in a close race
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Strom Thurmond
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Conservative Democrat nominee for president in 1948
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38th parallel
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Line of latitude that effectively separated North from South Korea
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Douglas MacArthur
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General and leader of American forces in Korea; fired by President Truman
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Julie's Rosenberg
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One of the husband and wife spy team convicted of selling atomic secrets to the Soviets
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Alger Hiss
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State Department worker charged with passing top-secret material to Soviet agents
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Joseph McCarthy
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Republican Senator who accused citizens and prominent Americans of being communist
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Space race
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Competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to develop space technology
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Summit meetings
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Meetings between important leaders of nations; U.S. and Soviet Union had one scheduled, but it was cancelled
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Suburb
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A community at the edge of a city; many families moved to them during the 1950s
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Baby boom
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The large increase in population in the U.S. between 1946 and 1964
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Generation gap
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Difference in tastes and values between young people and their parents
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Won the 1952 presidency by a landslide against Adlai Stevenson
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Adlai Stevenson
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Governor of Illinois who lost the 1952 presidential election against Eisenhower
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Linda Brown
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Elementary student who sparked the Brown v. Board of Education court case
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Thurgood Marshall
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Represented the Brown family before the Supreme Court
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Rosa Parks
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Arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man
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Nikita Khrushchev
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Leader of the Soviet Union during the U-2 spy plane incident
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Gary Powers
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U.S. pilot shot down over Soviet Union while photographing military bases
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Levittown
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Name of the first planned community located in NY
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Sidney Poitier
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The first African American actor to win the Best Actor award
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Exile
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A person who is forced to live away from his or her country
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Guerilla war
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Small bands of fighters making surprise attacks
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Quarantine
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To isolate; the U.S. did this to Cuba until the Soviet Union removed their missiles from the island
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Dean Rusk
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Secretary of State during the Cuban Missile Crisis
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East Berlin
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Capital of East Germany; site of the building of the Berlin Wall
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Bay of Pigs
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Site of a failed U.S. invasion which attempted to overthrow Fidel Castro
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John F. Kennedy
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Democrat who won the 1960 presidential election
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New Frontier
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President Kennedy's goals and programs for the future of the U.S.
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Peace Corps
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A federal agency that sends trained volunteers to help developing countries
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Sit-in
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A protest in which people sit and refuse to leave a place
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Freedom Ride
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A protest against segregated buses and bus stations
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Integrate
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To open to people of all races
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John F. Kennedy
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His administration ushered in the New Frontier; was assassinated in November, 1963
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Yuri Gagaria
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A Soviet Cosmonaut; first man in space
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John Glenn
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First American sent to space
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Robert Kennedy
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Attorney General during the Kennedy administration; sent federal marshalls to protect the Freedom Riders
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James Meredith
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An African American who successfully enrolled at the University of Mississippi
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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Southern minister who helped to lead the protests and desegregation movement
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Birmingham, Alabama
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Ground zero for many protests and marches on favor of desegregation
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Assumed the presidency after the assassination of Kennedy
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Lee Harvey Oswald
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Determined to be the lone assasin of Kennedy
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Jack Ruby
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Dallas business man who killed Oswald
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Earl Warren
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The chief justice appointed to a commission to determine if Oswald acted alone or with others to assassinate the president
