U.S. History Unit 2 Vocabulary – Flashcards
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proclamation line of 1763
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drew a line from north to south; colonists could not settle west of line
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sugar act
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raised taxes on raw sugar and molasses; new taxes on silk,.
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stamp act
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taxed printed materials, newspapers, pamphlets, wills, etc.; raise $ to pay for american expenses
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declaratory act
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parl. had power to make laws in the colonies
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townshend acts
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taxed america for the expenses of brit.
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george grenville
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started the taxation movement in order to pay for brit. debt and troops in america
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charles townshend
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introduced townshend acts
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george III
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declared proclamation of 1763
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boston massacre
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colonists resistance turned into violence in which brit. soldiers shot into a crowd, killing 5 people
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sam adams
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defender of colonial rights; protested against brit. taxations
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boston tea party
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colonists boarded brit. ships at night and dumped the tea into boston harbor; action against taxation
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intolerable acts
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coercive and quebec acts; outraged colonists
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quebec act
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extended quebec into america; brit. attempt to control colonial gov.'s
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second continental congress
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replaced first continental congress; met after revolution began; created continental army
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bunker hill
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built american confidence; militia/continental army stood up to brit.; considered a victory
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thomas paine
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wrote common sense; used lit. as a tool to fight against brit.; gained support for america and opposition against brit.
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declaration of independence
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draft by continental congress that declared america a separate country from brit.; independent
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thomas jefferson
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drafted the declaration of independence
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benedict arnold
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american general; fought at saratoga and yorktown; gave info on american army to brit., and switched sides for battle of yorktown
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john hancock
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led comittee of safety; prominent anti-federalist
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george washington
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head general for american revolution; became president after the war
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william howe
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brit. commanding general
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ben franklin
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sent as a negotiater to france for troops during the revolution; helped write the treaty of paris
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john adams
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helped write treaty of paris
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john locke
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defines nature as a state of equality- governened by the law of nature; legislative gov.
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jean jacques rousseau
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believed soc. corrupts humans; a soc. contract is justified in order to gain security
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baron de montesquieu
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rejected revolution; gov.'s exist to protect pol. liberty; constitutional monarchy should exist; promotes a separation of powers: executive, legislative, and judicial branches
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voltaire
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questions notions of rel.; promoted the enlightenment
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thomas hobbes
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kings are needed to provide strict, absolute control; kings will be held accountable by God
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loyalists
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americans who supported the birt. during the war
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saratoga
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american victory; turning point of war; improved american morale; france sends troops to help america
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abigail adams
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convinced john adams, her husband, to improve the rights of women; "remember the ladies"
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joseph plum martin
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wrote a diary during the war; only biography of continental army
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count de rochamdeau
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french general who helped america fight
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cornwallis
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brit. general; surrendered at yorktown where the war ended
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yorktown
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last major battle of the war; cornwallis surrendered to washington
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treaty of paris
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treaty b/w america and brit.; brit. recognized america as an independent country with the mississippi as its western border; brit. gave florida back to spain; france regained colonies in africa
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articles of confederation
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plan for united states; weak gov.
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northwest ordinance
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basis for governing western territory; created new territory in OH, IN, etc.
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shay's rebellion
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MA decided to raise taxes, especially on farmers; Shay was leader of rebellion
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constitutional convention
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convention which met to strengthen national gov. and create equal representation b/w states; proposed great compromise
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great compromise (VA/NJ plans)
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house of rep.'s according to state population, with senate equal representation; VA plan: based on state's populations; NJ plan: small states interests with equal representation
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three-fifths compromise
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every five slaves would count as three free people for determining representation and taxation
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james madison
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created VA plan; serve at constitutional convention
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alexander hamilton
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recommended congress call its own convention ~>constitutional convention
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federalists
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supporters of the constitution; power divided b/w state and natl. gov.'s
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anti-federalists
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people opposing the constitution; problem of whether natl. or state gov.'s should be supreme
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bill of rights
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federalists promised to attach to the constitution; summary of fundamental rights guaranteed to the people
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william paterson
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proposed NJ plan
