U.S. History Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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John Quincy Adams
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Elected President in 1824
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Depression of 1819
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This was the first depression that America experienced
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Indian Removal Act 1830
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This act is what made Native American tribes move one by one to the west of the Mississippi
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Trail of Tears
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This is a nickname for the culmination of trails that the Native Americans traveled on for their removal
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Henry Clay
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This man proposed to re-charter the Bank of the United States in 1832
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McCulloch vs. Maryland
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This court case ruled that the Bank was unconstitutional
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Roger B. Taney
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This man took 60% of U.S. funds out of the Bank per Andrew Jackson's request. His actions led to the 1837 economic depression.
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John C. Calhoun
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John Quincy Adam's VP who wrote "Exposition and Protest"
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Force Bill
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This Bill authorizes the President to use force and execute laws
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Democratic Party
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This political party started out as a pro-Jackson party that believed in small government, no special favors, low tariffs, slavery, and states rights. They were anti-Bank of U.S.
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Whig Party
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This political party started out as an anti-Jackson party that opposed the abuse of power, supported high tariffs, was pro-business and believed in government spending for internal improvement. They were pro-Bank of U.S.
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Second Great Awakening
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This movement consisted of the reinvention of Christianity and Northern reforms. It involved the protestants, congregationalists, Presbyterians, baptists, and Methodists. However the Catholics, Quakers and Lutherans were not involved.
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The Burnt Over District
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This District in New York State near the Eerie Canal was a hot bed of reform and a center for revivals.
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Charles Grandison Finney
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This man had a loud, gesturing preaching style and sent out that message that God is looking for every chance to save you.
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Lyman Beecher
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This man was the appointed head of Lain Seminary in Cincinnati; a patriarch of a prominent family whose daughter was a big feminist.
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
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Itinerant Ministers
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Nomadic/traveling ministers
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Dorthea Dix
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The first woman invited to speak in front of congress on behalf of the asylum reform
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Horace Mann
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This educator from MA said that states should require basic education
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Martin van Buren
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This man known as "The Little Dutchman" was a democrat and Andrew Jackson's 2nd term vice president.
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John Woolman
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This man convinced the Quakers that slavery was wrong
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William Lloyd Garrison
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This man rejected African Colonization- he said that African Americans deserved citizenship. He asked for immediate emancipation without compensation.
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William Lundy
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This man published a newspaper promoting anti-slavery "Genius of Universal Emancipation"
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Gradual Emancipation
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This idea promotes compensation to slave owners, colonization and avoiding racial conflict
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Gag Rule
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This rule, passed by congress, stifled all anti-slavery petitions in congress until 1843
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John Quincy Adams
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This former president read petitions in public about anti-slavery despite the Gag rule. He inspired other politicians to speak out on the issue as well.
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Seneca Falls Convention
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This event was the start of Women's Rights Movements.
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Liberty Party
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This political party was dedicated to abolishing slavery
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James Birney
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This man was the first presidential candidate for the Liberty Party
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William Henry Harrison
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This man, who was the first president to die in office (30 days after his inauguration) won the presidential election of 1840 against Martin van Buren
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John Tyler
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This man was William Henry Harrison's VP who became president following Harrison's death. He accepted the Republic of Texas petition
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James K. Polk
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This president, elected in 1844, annexed Texas and the Oregon Trail
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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
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This treaty ended the Mexican-American war; Mexico recognized the Texas as part of the United States and the U.S. obtained the CA and NM provinces
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Wilmot Proviso
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This proposal, called by David Wilmot, called for a ban on slavery in the new territories, but failed repeatedly.
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Zachary Taylor
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Elected in 1848 (Whig)
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Omnibus Bill
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This bill proposed by Henry Clay supported making California a state, the creation of the territory of New Mexico, abolishing slave trade in D.C., non interference with the slave trade in U.S. and a new, stricter, fugitive slave law
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Compromise of 1850
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This event took the Omnibus Bill and broke it up into 5 different bills.
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Stephen Douglas
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Proposed the Compromise of 1850
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Fugitive Slave Law
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This law required citizens to search for fugitive slaves
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American Party
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Known as the "Know Nothing Party"
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Stephen Douglas
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This man wanted to build a railroad from Chicago to California
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Charles Summer
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Delivered the "Crime Against Kansas" Speech in the senate
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Preston Brooks
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This man hit Charles Summer in the head with a cane giving him a fractured skull.
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Republican Party
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"Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men" was the slogan for this political party.
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James Buchanan
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Democrat who won the 1856 election
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Dred Scott
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This slave sued his master for his freedom
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Abraham Lincoln
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Won the 1860 presidential election
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James Madison
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Created the Virginia Plan
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The Virginia Plan
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This plan included a congress with representation based on state population, an independent executive to carry out laws but not create them. Not popular among smaller states
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Impressment
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The forcing of US sailors to join the British navy
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Warhawks
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People who wanted the US to enter the was of 1812
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Enlightenment
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This intellectual movement occurred in the late 1600's to the 1700's stressing the importance of reason and the discoverable "natural laws"
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Natural Philosopher
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These people applied notions to human society, believed that human society was guided by natural laws and that humans create governments.
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John Locke
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Published two important essays that are usually together (Two Treatises on Civil Government)
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Natural Rights
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Life, Liberty, and Property
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Federalist Party
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This political party thought the government should offer economic growth, promoted manufacturing and trade, plus farming
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Democratic-Republican Party
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This political party was agrarian oriented; a nation of yeomen farmers
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Jay's Treaty
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This treaty included that the British promised to pay for confiscated goods, set schedule to evacuate forts, and opens up ports to US trade
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Pinckney's Treaty
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This treaty opens up New Orleans to American trade permanently (or as long as New Orleans belongs to the Spanish)
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
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These resolutions claim the Alien and Sedition Acts are unconstitutional
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Aaron Burr
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This man was the democratic-republican presidential candidate in 1800: Killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel
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Bacon's Rebellion
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Uprising of former indentured servants
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Embargo Act
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This act disallowed American ships from sailing, trading from other countries, and burning down the barn to get rid of rats.
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Battle of Lexington
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This was the first battle of the American Revolution
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Battle of Concord
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This battle occurred when the British tried to get to the American's weapons storage place- ambushed by Americans who were using Guerrilla warfare
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Battle of New Orleans
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This battle on January 8, 1815 consisted of 8000 British men and 4000 American soldiers
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Treaty of Ghent
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This treaty ended the War of 1812
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Eli Whitney
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Inventor of the cotton gin
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Headright System
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People were given free land if they moved to the Virginia colony
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John Peter Senger
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Defendant in a legal case that determined that truth was a defense against the charges of libel
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John Winthrop
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Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Navigation Act
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This act defines the colonies as both suppliers of raw materials and as markets for English manufactured goods
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Treaty of Paris 1783
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This treaty ended the revolutionary way and recognizes American independence
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Election of 1824
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This election was Henry Clay vs. William Crawford vs. John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson- vote goes to the House of Reps
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