U.S. History chapter 18 – Flashcards
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United Nations
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international world peace-keeping organization (previously named League of nations after WWI, renamed during WWII); U.S. joins during WWII
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problem with United Nations
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Security Council must agree unanimously or else no actions will be take; US/France/GreatBritain vs. Communists (Soviet Union & China)
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policy of containment
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"contain" Communism wherever it is and not allow it to spread anywhere else
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Truman Doctrine
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any country that is threatened by the spread of Communism and doesn't want to be Communist, U.S. will help by sending military aid and financial aid
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problem after WWII
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U.S. Allies (France & Great Britain) are broke; no one else left in Europe to help stop the spread of Communism
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2 choices for U.S.
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1- help Europe financially so they can help us stop Communism's spread 2- be the only country fighting Communism
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Marshall Plan
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U.S. will supply economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after WWII and help U.S. stop the spread of Communism
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Dividing Germany
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East (Soviet Union controlled) and West (U.S., GB, and France control)
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Dividing Berlin
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East (Soviet Union) West (US/GB/Fr originally 3 zones and then combined into one)
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Berlin Blockade
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1948 Soviet Union builds a wall to defend the city and thus fencing in the citizens; cuts off western Berlin electricity
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Berlin Airlift
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send bombers every 10 minutes carrying supplies to Berlin; 327 day operation in which U.S. and GB send 2.3 million tons of food, supplies, and medicines into West Berlin after Soviets blockaded the city; 1948 Soviets lift the blockade for unknown reason
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millions of people
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moved from East to West Germany
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Berlin Wall
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1961-1989; concrete wall separating East and West Berlin; built by Communist East German govt to prevent citizens from fleeing west
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teams are being chosen
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war is coming
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NATO
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization; U.S. is the leader/captain; Canada, U.S., Europe near Atlantic; protects U.S. to the N/E
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SEATO
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Pacific/Asia; protects US to the West
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CENTO
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central America; protects U.S. to the south
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Warsaw Pact
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Soviet Union and Communist Countries that Stalin had already taken over during WWII
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China
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Chiang Kai-shek: U.S. sends aid, but then he gets run out to Taiwan. Mao Zedong: leader of Chinese Communists; Soviet Union sends aid. Now China and Soviet Union are both huge Communists
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Communism is spreading
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U.S. is in trouble
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US never declares war
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so they don't have to fight Soviet Union
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"police action"
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send troops to Vietnam and Korea to "check on them"
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38th parallel
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divides North and South Korea
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Korean War
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June 1950-Jan 1951
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Macarthur
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must notably retire since he disobeyed orders and dominated Korea
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Truce line
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1953 present-day boundary; ends the war
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Soviet Spies
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg supposedly gave Soviets atomic bomb secrets from the U.S.; executed
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McCarthyism
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fear in America that Communists will take over the govt
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brinkmanship
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use all military and any means necessary; threaten an enemy with massive military retaliation for any aggression
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Space Race
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Soviets win (first person in space)
