U.S. History – Ch 3 – Flashcards
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Who was the first English monarch to provide serious support to colonists in Spanish North America?
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King James I
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What was the Virginia Company?
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A joint-stock company
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Who organized an all-out assault on English settlers in Virginia in March of 1622?
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Opechancanough
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The 1622 uprising in Virginia prompted
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King James to investigate affairs in the colony.
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In 1612, John Rolfe changed the course of the Virginia colony's development by
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planting West Indian tobacco seeds for the first time.
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What motivated English settlers in the Chesapeake to work so hard in the tobacco fields?
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Successful farmers earned much higher wages than workers in England.
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How did the Virginia Company, and later the royal government, convince settlers to pay their own way to Virginia?
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Offering fifty acres of land
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About 80 percent of the immigrants to the Chesapeake during the seventeenth century came as
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servants.
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Female servants were prohibited from
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marrying.
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Why did tobacco farmers prefer land close to a navigable river?
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Rivers allowed farmers to transport tobacco barrels more easily.
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Why did free families in the Chesapeake experience a rough frontier equality until about 1650?
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Elite planters readily shared their profits with yeomen.
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Who led the Indian uprising of 1644, in which around five hundred colonists were killed in two days?
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Opechancanough
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The treaty drawn up at the end of the war between Opechancanough and Virginia colonists decreed that Indians had to relinquish all claims to land
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already settled by the English.
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Why did violence between settlers and Indians increase during the 1660s and 1670s?
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Settlers encroached on Indian land.
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Why did the colonies in New Mexico and Florida require expensive subsidies from Spain?
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The colonies generated little income of their own.
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What was the goal of Spanish missionaries in Florida and New Mexico?
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Convert Indians not only to Christianity but also to the ways of Spanish culture.
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What was the most profitable part of the British New World empire in the seventeenth century?
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The Caribbean
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By 1700, three-quarters of the population of Barbados consisted of
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black slaves.
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The slave labor system polarized Chesapeake society along the lines of
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race
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In contrast to slaves in Barbados, slaves in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake
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were constantly under white surveillance.
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When the English first settled in Jamestown, they faced strong resistance from the
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Algonquians
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When Indians no longer wanted to trade for corn, settlers
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plundered Indian stockpiles.
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What effect did the increasing importance of growing corn have on Indian women?
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They spent more time and effort growing crops.
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Under the royal government in Virginia, the colony's free adult men could vote for
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local burgesses.
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The cost of passage from England to the Chesapeake was about £5, which for an English servant or laborer was roughly the equivalent of
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a year's wages.
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When an indenture expired, what did an employer owe his freed servant?
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A few barrels of corn and a suit of clothes
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What were the characteristics of most indentured servants?
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Male, poor, unskilled, between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five
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Planters in the Chesapeake were so desperate for laborers that they
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devised legal ways to keep servants under their control.
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What did Lord Baltimore hope to create by founding the colony of Maryland?
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A booming cotton colony
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The decline in the price of tobacco in the third quarter of the seventeenth century contributed to the
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end of the general social equality within the Chesapeake population.
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After 1670, who could vote in Virginia?
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Men who were landowners and householders
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The Navigation Act of 1660 required that all colonial products be sent
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only to English ports.
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What happened when Governor Berkeley tried to undermine Nathaniel Bacon by calling for an election of new burgesses in 1676?
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The colonists elected Bacon and his allies.
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In the aftermath of Bacon's Rebellion, King James
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strengthened the position of elite planters.
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The efforts to convert New Mexico's Indians to Christianity were
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a major cause of Indian resentment against Spanish rule.
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Where did the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 occur?
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New Mexico
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Barbadian John Colleton established which colony?
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Carolina
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What was the first profitable export crop grown in Carolina?
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Rice
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What was an advantage of slave labor over servant labor by 1700?
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Slaves never went out of bondage.
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How did the expansion of slavery in the Chesapeake shape colonial politics?
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It eased the class tensions that had been created by the servant labor system.
