question

Electroconvulsive therapy is most useful in the treatment of a. schizophrenia b. depression c. personality disorders d. anxiety disorders

answer

b. depression

question

The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called ____; it is favored by ____ therapists a. active listening; cognitive b. spontaneous remission; humanistic c. free association; psychoanalytic d. systematic desensitization; behavior

answer

c. free association; psychoanalytic

question

Of the following categories of psychotherapy, which is known for its non-directive nature? a. psychoanalysis b. humanistic therapy c. behavior therapy d. cognitive therapy

answer

b. humanistic therapy

question

Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of psychoanalysis? a. It emphasizes the existence of repressed memories b. It provides interpretations that are hard to disprove c. It is generally very expensive process d. It gives therapist too much control over patients

answer

d. It gives therapist too much control over patients

question

Which of the following types of therapy does NOT belong with the others? a. cognitive therapy b. family therapy c. behavior therapy d. psychosurgery

answer

d. psychosurgery

question

Which of the following is NOT necessarily an advantage of group therapies over individual therapies? a. They tend to take less time for the therapist b. They tend to cost less money for the client c. They are more effective d. They allow the client to test new behaviors in a social context

answer

c. They are more effective

question

Which biomedical therapy is MOST likely to be practiced today? a. psycho-surgery b. electroconvulsive therapy c. drug therapy d. counterconditioning

answer

c. drug therapy

question

The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through clients' perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found? a Clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy b. Whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results c. Whereas studies strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, many clients feel dissatisfied with their progress d. Clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike paint a very mixed picture of the effectiveness of psychtherapy

answer

b. Whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results

question

Cognitive-behavioral therapy aims to a. alter the way people act b. make people more aware of their irrational negative thinking c. alter the way people think and act d. counterconditong anxiety-provoking stimuli

answer

c. alter the way people think and act

question

The results of outcome research on the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveal that a. no single type of therapy is consistently superior b. behavior therapies are most effective in treating specific problems, such as phobias c. cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed emotions d. all of these statements are true

answer

d. all of these statements are true

question

The antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by blocking the receptor sites for a. dopamine b. epinephrine c. norepinephrine d. serotonin

answer

a. dopamine

question

Psychologist who advocate a ______ approach to mental health contend that many psychological disorders could be prevented by changing the disturbed individual's ______. a. biomedical; diet b. family; behavior c. humanistic; feelings d. preventive; environment

answer

d. preventive; environment

question

An eclectic psychotherapist is one who a. takes a nondirective approach in helping clients solve their problems b. views psychological disorders as usually steemming from one cause, such as a biological abnormality c. uses on particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or counterconditioning, in treating disorders d. uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

answer

d. uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

question

The technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a person says in a nondirective manner is called a. active listening b. free association c. systematic desensitization d. transference

answer

a. active listening

question

Unlike traditional psychoanalystic therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy a. helps people gain insight into the roots of their problems b. offers interpretations of patients' feelings c. focuses on current relationships d. does all of these things

answer

c. focuses on current relationships

question

The technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive symptoms are a. a reflection of irrational thinking b. conditioned response c. expressions of unfulfilled wishes d. inner conflicts

answer

b. conditioned response

question

The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviors are rewarded with points or poker chips that can later be exchanged for various rewards is called a. counterconditioning b. systematic desensitization c. a token economy d. exposure therapy

answer

c. a token economy

question

One variety of _______ therapy is based on the finding that depressed people often attribute their failures to ____. a. humanistic; themselves b. behavior; external circumstances c. cognitive; external circumstances d. cognitive; themselves

answer

d. cognitive; themselves

question

A person can derive benefits from psychotherapy simply be believing in it. This illustrates the importance of a. spontaneous recovery b. the placebo effect c. the transference effect d. interpretation

answer

b. the placebo effect

question

Before 1950, the main mental health providers were a. psychologists b. paraprofessionals c. psychiatrists d. the clergy

answer

c. psychiatrists

question

cognitive therapy

answer

category of therapies that teach people more adaptive ways of thinking and acting

question

behavior therapy

answer

category of therapies based on learning principles derived from classical and operant conditioning

question

systematic desnsitization

answer

associates a relaxed state with anxiety arousing stimuli

question

cognitive behavioral therapy

answer

integrated therapy that focuses on changing self defeating thinking and unwanted behavior

question

client-centered therapy

answer

therapy developed by Carl Rodgers

question

exposure therapy

answer

the most widely used method of behavior therapy

question

preventive mental health

answer

emphasizes the social context of psychological disorders

question

biomedical therapy

answer

treatment with psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy, or drugs

question

insight therapy

answer

therapies that aim to increase the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

question

Carl Rodgers was a ____ therapist who was the creator of _____. a. behavior; systematic desensitization b. psychoanalytic; insight therapy c. humanistic; client-centered therapy d. cognitive; cognitive therapy for depression

answer

c. humanistic; client-centered therapy

question

Using techniques of classical conditioning to develop an association between unwanted behavior and an unpleasant experience is known as a. aversive conditioning b. systematic desensitization c. transference d. electroconvulsive therapy

answer

a. aversive conditioning

question

Which type of psychotherapy emphasizes the individual's inherent potential for self fulfillment? a. behavior therapy b. psychoanalysis c. humanistic therapy d. biomedical therapy

answer

c. humanistic therapy

question

Light exposure therapy has proven useful as a form of treatment for people suffering from a. bulimia b. seasonal affective disorder c. schizophrenia d. dissociative identity disorder

answer

b. seasonal affective disorder

question

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviors rather than on discovering their underlying causes? a. behavior therapy b. cognitive therapy c. humanistic therapy d. psychoanalysis

answer

a. behavior therapy

question

The techniques of counter-conditioning are based on the principles of a. observational learning b. classical conditioning c. operant conditoning d. behavior modification

answer

b. classical conditioning

question

In which of the following does the client learn to associate a relaxed state with a hierarchy of anxiety arousing situations? a. cognitive therapy b. aversive conditioning c. counter-conditioning d. systematic desensitization

answer

d. systematic desensitization

question

Principles of operant conditioning underlie which of the following techniques? a. counterconditioning b. systematic desensitization c. stress inoculation training d. the token ecomony

answer

d. the token ecomony

question

Which of these therapies emphasizes that we are all integrated biopsychosocial systems? a. interpersonal psychotherapy b. cognitive therapy c. therapeutic life-style change d. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

answer

c. therapeutic life-style change

question

Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking? a. EMDR b. client-centered therapy c. cognitive therapy d. behavior therapy

answer

c. cognitive therapy

question

Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or a. dopamine b. lithium c. norepinephrine d. acetylcholine

answer

c. norepinephrine

question

After many years of taking antipsychotic drugs, Greg's facial muscles sometimes twitch involuntarily. This behavior is called a. tardive dyskinesia b. spontaneous recovery c. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation d. EMDR

answer

a. tardive dyskinesia

question

Which of the following is the mood stabilizing drug most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder? a. Ativan b. chlorpromazine c. Xanax d. lithium

answer

d. lithium

question

The type of drugs criticized for reducing symptoms without resolving underlying problems are the a. antianxiety drugs b. antipsychotic drugs c. antidepressant drugs d. amphetamines

answer

a. antianxiety drugs

question

Which form of therapy is most likely to be successful in treating depression? a. behavior modification b. psychoanalysis c. cognitive therapy d. humanistic therapy

answer

c. cognitive therapy

question

Although Moniz won the Nobel Prize for developing the lobotomy procedure, the technique is not widely used today because a. it produces a lethargic, immature personality b. it is irreversible c. calming drugs became available in the 1950's d. of all of these reasons

answer

d. of all of these reasons

question

Unusual emotions tend to return to their average state. This phenomenon is called a. regression toward the mean b. resistance c. counterconditioning d. systematic desensitization

answer

a. regression toward the mean

question

Among the common ingredients of the psychotherapies is a. the offer of a therapeutic relationship b. the expectation among clients that the therapy c. the chance to develop a fresh perspective on oneself and the world d. all of these are common ingredients

answer

d. all of these are common ingredients

question

Family therapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy because it focuses on a. using a variety of treatment techniques b. conscious rather than unconscious processes c. the present instead of the past d. how family tensions may cause individual problems

answer

d. how family tensions may cause individual problems

question

One reason that aversive conditioning may only be temporarily effective is that a. for ethical reasons, therapists cannot use sufficiently intense unconditioned stimuli to sustain classical conditioning b. patients are often unable to become sufficiently relaxed for conditioning to take place c. patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences d. most conditioned responses are elicited by many nonspecific stimuli and it is impossible to counter-condition them all

answer

c. patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences

question

active listening

answer

empathic technique used in person centered therapy

question

token economy

answer

operant condtioning procedure

question

placebo effect

answer

the beneficial effect of a person's expecting that treatment will be effective

question

lobotomy

answer

type of psychosurgery

question

lithium

answer

mood stabilizing drug

question

psychopharmacology

answer

the study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior

question

Xanax

answer

antianxiety drug

question

free association

answer

technique of psychoanalytic therapy

question

stress inoculation training

answer

cognitive behavior therapy in which people are trained to restructure their thinking in stressful situations

question

evidence-based practice

answer

clinical decision making that integrates research, clinical expertise, and patients characteristics

question

meta-analysis

answer

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many research studies

question

During a session with his psychoanalyst, Jamal hesitates while describing a highly embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic frame work, this is an example of a. transference b. insight c. mental repression d. resistance

answer

d. resistance

question

During psychoanalysis, Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane's behavior in terms of a ______ of her feelings toward her father. a. projection b. resistance c. regression d. transference

answer

d. transference

question

Given that Jim's therapist attempts to help him by offering genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, she is probably practicing a. psychoanalysis b. behavior therapy c. cognitive therapy d. client-centered therapy

answer

d. client-centered therapy

question

To help Sam quit smoking, his therapist blew a blast of smoke into Sam's face each time Sam inhaled. Which technique is the therapist using? a. exposure therapy b. behavior modification c. systematic desensitization d. aversive conditioning

answer

d. aversive conditioning

question

After Darnel dropped a pass in an important football game, he became depressed and vowed to quit the team because of the athletic incompetence. The campus psychologist used gentle questioning to reveal to Darnel that his thinking was irrational: His "incompetence" had earned him an athletic scholarship. The psychologist's response was most typical of a ___ therapist. a. behavior b. psychoanalytic c. client-centered d. cognitive

answer

d. cognitive

question

Seth enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him. The therapist is MOST likely a a. clinical psychologist b. psychiatrist c. psychiatric social worker d. clinical social worker

answer

b. psychiatrist

question

In an experiment testing the effects of new antipsychotic drug, neither Dr. Cunningham nor her patients know whether the patients are in the experimental or the control group. This is an example of a. meta-analysis b. within-subjects research c. the double blind technique d. the single blind technique

answer

c. the double blind technique

question

A close friend who for years has suffered from wintertime depression is seeking your advice regarding the effectiveness of light exposure therapy. What should you tell your friend? a. "Don't waste your time and money. It doesn't work" b. "A more effect treatment for seasonal affective disorder is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" c. "You'd be better off with a prescription for lithium" d. "It might be worth a try. There is some evidence that morning light exposure produces relief"

answer

d. "It might be worth a try. There is some evidence that morning light exposure produces relief"

question

A relative wants to know which type of therapy works best. You should tell your therapy that a. psychotherapy does not work b. behavior therapy is the most effective c. cognitive therapy is the most effective d. no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful

answer

d. no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful

question

Leota is startled when her therapist says that she needs to focus on eliminating her problem behavior rather than gaining insight into its underlying cause. Most likely, Leota has consulted a ____ therapist. a. behavior b. humanistic c. cognitive d. psychoanalytic

answer

a. behavior

question

To help him overcome his fear of flying, Duane's therapist has him construct a hierarchy of anxiety triggering stimuli and then learn to associated each with a state of deep relaxation. Duane's therapist is using the technique called a. systematic desensitization b. aversive conditioning c. shaping d. free association

answer

a. systematic desensitization

question

A patient in a hospital receives poker chips for making her bed, being punctual at meal times, and maintaining her physical appearance. The poker chips can be exchanged for privileges, such as televison viewing, snacks, and magazines. This is an example of the a. psychodynamic therapy technique called systematic desensitization b. behavior therapy technique called token economy c. cognitive therapy technique called token economy d. humanistic therapy technique called systematic desensitization

answer

b. behavior therapy technique called token economy

question

Ben is a cognitive behavioral therapist. Compared to Rachel, who is a behavior therapist, Ben is more likely to a. bases his therapy on principles of operant conditioning b. base his therapy on principles of classical conditioning c. address clients' attitudes as well as behaviors d. focus on clients' unconscious urges

answer

c. address clients' attitudes as well as behaviors

question

A psychotherapist who believes that the best way to treat psychological disorders is to prevent them from developing would be MOST likely to view disordered behavior as a. maladaptive thoughts and actions b. expressions of unconscious conflicts c. conditioned responses d. an understandable response to stressful social conditions

answer

d. an understandable response to stressful social conditions

question

Linda's doctor prescribes medication that blocks the activity of dopamine in her nervous system. Evidently, Linda is being treated with an ____ drug. a. antipsychotic b. antianxiety c. antidepressant d. anticonvulsive

answer

c. antidepressant

question

Abraham's doctor prescribes medication that increases the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin in his nervous system. Evidently, Abraham is being treated with an _____ drug. a. antipsychotic b. antianxiety c. antidepressant d. anticonvulsive

answer

a. antipsychotic

question

In concluding her talk titled " Psychosurgery Today," Ashley states that a. "Psychosurgery is still widely used through out the world" b. "Electroconvulsive therapy is the only remaining psychosurgical technique that is widely practiced" c. "With advances in psychopharmacology, psychosurgery has largely been abandoned" d. "Although lobotomies remain popular, other psychosurgical techniques have been abandoned"

answer

c. "With advances in psychopharmacology, psychosurgery has largely been abandoned"

question

A psychiatrist has diagnosed a patient as having bipolar disorder. It is likely that she will prescribe a. an anti psychotic drug b. lithium c. an antianxiety drug d. a drug that blocks receptor sites for serotonin

answer

b. lithium

question

Which type of psychotherapy would be most likely to use the interpretation of dreams as a technique for bringing unconscious feelings into awareness? a. client-centered therapy b. psychodynamic therapy c. cognitive therapy d. behavior therapy

answer

b. psychodynamic therapy

question

Of the following therapists, who would be most likely to interpret a person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses? a. a behavior therapist b. a cognitive therapist c. a humanistic therapist d. a psychoanalyst

answer

d. a psychoanalyst

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