question

Drug effects on the individual have been intensified due to

answer

development of more efficient and faster ways of putting drugs into the body

question

The most popular psychoactive substance ove the millenia has been

answer

alcohol

question

The natural form of the hallucinogen LSD is found in

answer

A fungus which grows on rye/wheat plants

question

Which of the following plants do not contain caffeine

answer

Poppy and Hemp

question

Which is not true about tobacco

answer

Even though tobacco was a common plant in europe before columbus came to the americas, no one had ever smoked it

question

The London gin epidemic was ultimately brought under control by

answer

Prohibition of the selling or drinking of gin. Heavy regulation on the production of alcohol. Strict regulation of sales and stiff taxes on gin.

question

Morphine is about _______times more powerful than opium

answer

10 times

question

One of the earliest Americans to write about the health dangers of drinking and to recommend temperance was

answer

Dr. Benjamin Rush

question

Which congressional act that became the Eighteenth amendment to the U.S. constitution prohibited the manufacture and sale of any alcoholic beverage with above 0.5% alcohol

answer

The Volstead act of 1920

question

The sub group of sedative-hypnotics that came to dominate the prescription market because they were safer than barbituates are called

answer

Benzodiazepines

question

The discovery of brain chemicals that acted like psychoactive drugs led to

answer

More understanding of the process of addiction. More understanding of the process of mental illness. New uses of therapeutic drugs to treat addiction and withdrawal states.

question

A common drug used at parties now, GHB, is classified as a

answer

Sedative or downer

question

The most widely abused prescription opiate is

answer

Vicodin

question

Which of the following is not a stimulant?

answer

Opium

question

Psychiatric medications

answer

Are used to rebalance irregular brain chemistry

question

True or false: Athough cannibus was used in ancient times as a source of fiber etc. it was not used for its stupefying and hallucinogenic properties

answer

False

question

True or False: The chewing of coca leaves in south america was mostly among the common people since the nobles thought it was a dirty habit

answer

False

question

True or False: Although marijuana was used extensively by those in the 1960s "hippie movement" and at the "summer of love" in 1967, amphetamines and methamphetamines were not popular yet, so were not used

answer

False

question

True or false: Overall illicit drug use has declined since its peak in 1979 and 1980

answer

True

question

True or false: The age of the first use of almost all psychoactive substances has gone down

answer

True

question

True or False: the use of needles to inject street drugs has been one major cause of the spread of the HIV virus that leads to AIDS

answer

True

question

True or False: todays marijuana is less potent than the marijuana smoked in the 1960s

answer

False

question

True or false: MDMA or ecstacy and LSD act like stimulants as well as hallucinogens

answer

True

question

True or False: inhalants most often cause central nervous system stimulation leading to excitement

answer

False

question

True or false: Organic solvents can be toxic to cells and organs

answer

True

question

Which of the following routes of administration acts the slowest upon the brain

answer

Contact absorption

question

When a drug is injected, how long does it take for the drug to reach the brain

answer

15-30 seconds

question

Another word for putting cocaine under the tongue is

answer

sublingual

question

The main barrier that drugs have to cross to affect the body is the

answer

Blood-brain barrier

question

A child's circulatory system contains about how much blood

answer

3 to 4 quarts of blood

question

How many nerve cell connections are in the nervous system

answer

100 trillion

question

Which of the following is a function of the new brain?

answer

Creativity

question

Which of the following is part of a neuron

answer

terminals

question

The gap between neurotransmitters is the

answer

Synapse

question

Within the neuron, what is stored in vesicles

answer

Neurotransmitters

question

When a substance originates outside the body it is

answer

exogenous

question

The mechanism that accepts neurotransmitters is a

answer

receptor

question

Drugs that bind to receptors and block the effects of neurotransmitters are

answer

antagonists

question

Which is not a type of tolerance

answer

delayed tolerance

question

which is not a type of withdrawal

answer

Pharmacodynamic withdrawal

question

Which is not a desired effect of psychoactive drugs

answer

To increase depression

question

In levels of use terminology, abuse means

answer

Continued use of the drug despite negative consequences

question

The T in SPECT scans stands for what?

answer

Tomography

question

Which is not a genetic research technique

answer

Liver biopsies

question

Which will not cause a sober mouse to become an alcoholic mouse

answer

genes

question

True or false: When there is internal conflict, the new brain will usually override the old brain

answer

False

question

The nucleus accumbens is found in the old brain

answer

True

question

Psychoactive drugs cannot create sensations or feelings that don't have a natural counterpart

answer

True

question

T or F: The neurotransmitter most responsible for stimulating the reward/reinforcement center is GABA

answer

False

question

T or F: the most addicting drug is alcohol

answer

false

question

Which of the following is not true about cocaine?

answer

The united states consumes 80% of the world's cocaine

question

Which of the following is true of cocain hydrochloride?

answer

It is 200 times more powerful by weight than the coca leaf

question

Which statement about cocaine is not true

answer

Injecting cocaine gets to the brain faster than smoking cocaine

question

What is the name of the metabolite produced when alcohol and cocaine are used together

answer

cocaethylene

question

Which is not true regarding the cardiovascular effects of cocaine use

answer

There are no cocaine receptors on the heart itself.....there are

question

Which of the following is not part of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome

answer

decreased appetite

question

The combination of heroin and cocaine is known as

answer

a speedball

question

Which of the following is not a side effect of long term abuse of cocaine

answer

severe weight gain

question

Which of the following is true of crack cocaine

answer

Users are able to get a much higher dose into their brain over a shorter period of time than with powdered cocaine

question

Which of the following has not been a use for amphetamines

answer

to relax muscles

question

Ice is to methamphetamines as ________ is to cocaine

answer

crack

question

The difference between the neurochemistry of amphetamines and cocaine is that

answer

amphetamines block the metabolism of catecholamines whereas cocaine does not

question

Which of the following is not a stimulant

answer

GHB

question

Which of the following has the most caffeine content

answer

Espresso coffee 4 ounce demitasse

question

Which of the following is not true of nicotine

answer

A chew of tobacco puts less nicotine into the bloodstream than one smoked cigarette. False: A chew of tobacco puts more not less nicotine into the bloodstream than one smoked cigarette.

question

All stimulants increase the chemical and electrical activity in the central nervous system

answer

True

question

Snorting cocaine is a self-limiting method of using cocaine

answer

True

question

Many of the abnormalities in the newborns of drug users have more to do with the mothers lifestyle than the drug itself

answer

true

question

T or F: Crack cocaine is not only stronger than powdered cocaine, it is an entirely different molecule so it acts on different neurotransmitters

answer

False

question

The physical and mental effects of cocaine and amphetamines are very similar

answer

True

question

Tolerance to amphetamines is pronounced

answer

True

question

ADHD is often treated with amphetamine like drugs

answer

True

question

T or F: Amphetamines are dangerous but fortunately over the counter diet pills are completely safe

answer

false

question

The most important reason that people continue to smoke is an intense desire to maintain a certain nicotine level in the blood and brain to avoid withdrawal symptoms

answer

true

question

It is estimated that one person dies from secondhand smoke, mostly from cardiovascular disease, for every eight smoker deaths

answer

True

question

The neurotransmitter that transmits pain is

answer

Substance P

question

Which is a possible deadly side effect of using heroine intravenously

answer

HIV infection

question

A drug that stops the effect of heroin in the brain is

answer

Naltrexone

question

Methadone works by

answer

substituting a long acting opiod for a short acting one

question

Major heroin withdrawal symptoms usually last

answer

5-7 days

question

Which substance has been used to dilute heroin

answer

baby laxitive

question

Which combination of drugs would probably be more dangerous

answer

Valium and alcohol

question

The most common medical use of opiods is

answer

analgesia

question

Which is an effect of sedative-hypnotics?

answer

controls skeletal muscle spasms

question

Sedative hypnotic withdrawal symptoms can include

answer

convulsions

question

Barbituates were supplanted as the sedative hypnotic of choice by

answer

benzodiazepines

question

The first benzodiazepine was

answer

Librium and reg.

question

One of the reasons that GHB and Rohypnol are similar to alcohol is their

answer

disinhibitory effect

question

The ancient egyptians used opium for its medical properties

answer

true

question

Fentanyl is stronger than morphine

answer

true

question

T or F: heroine mimics the body's own pain messengers

answer

false. Heroin mimics the bodys own pain supression messengers (eg endorphins)

question

Codeine can control diarrhea

answer

true

question

T or F: the majority of heroin users are unemployed and live on the street

answer

False

question

Darvon will help suppress heroine withdrawal

answer

True

question

T or F: Tolerance to the physical and mental effects of increased doses of sedative-hypnotics increases at the same rates

answer

False

question

T or F: The most dangerous barbituates are the long-acting ones, such as phenobarbital

answer

False. Most dangerous are the short-acting ones

question

Low level use of benzodiazepines over an extended period of a year or more will cause physical dependence

answer

True

question

The liver alters Valium into a more potent drug

answer

True

question

Due to large margin of safety, overdosing with benzodiazepines is difficult

answer

true

question

T or F: Withdrawal from heroin is more dangerous physically than withdrawal from alcohol or sedative hypnotics

answer

False

question

Which of the following is an intermediate product of alcohol metabolism

answer

Acetaldehyde

question

The reason that initially alcohol seems like a stimulant is that it

answer

releases norepinephrine

question

Which is the best cure for a hangover

answer

time

question

The organ that absorbs the most alcohol after it is ingested is the

answer

small intestine

question

A neurotransmitter most affected by alcohol is

answer

GABA

question

Which is not a direct effect of alcohol abuse

answer

asthma

question

The organ which metabolizes most of the alcohol consumed is

answer

The liver

question

Which is not a direct effect of alcohol abuse

answer

tuberculosis

question

Which of the following is usually not an alcohol-related disease or disorder?

answer

Alzheimer's disease

question

Which is a symptom of severe alcohol withdrawal?

answer

Convulsions and seizures

question

Alcohol is more likely to cause violence in a person who

answer

has a history of violence

question

What percent of motor vehicle fatalities in 2001 involved alcohol use?

answer

40%

question

Which of the following is not true for African American use of alcohol

answer

More white women abstain from alcohol than black women

question

What percent of the adult american population drank in the last month?

answer

52%

question

True or false: in the process of metabolism of alcohol by the liver, one of the metabolites is acetic acid, more commonly called vinegar

answer

True

question

In males, some alcohol is metabolized in the stomach before it is able to be absorbed into the bloodstream

answer

True

question

A female of the same weight as a male will raise her blood alcohol concentration more per drink than the male

answer

true

question

True or false: Alcohol is metabolized by the liver at a rate of about one ounce of pure alcohol every hour

answer

False

question

The effects of any drug, including alcohol, depends on the dosage

answer

True

question

True or false: Low-to-moderate doses of alcohol are safe for all adults except pregnant women

answer

false. alcohol is metabolized by the liver a a rate of about one ounce of pure alcohol (1.5 drinks every 3 hours)

question

Fermentation is a process whereby yeast changes sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

answer

True

question

True or false: naturally fermented beverages can reach an alcohol concentration by almost 98%

answer

False

question

True or False: binge drinking is defined as drinking 10 or more drinks in one sitting for males, 8 for females

answer

False. it is defined as 5 drinks in one sitting for males, 4 drinks for females

question

There is a direct correlation between average number of drinks per week by college students and their grade average

answer

True

question

Alcohol use during preganancy is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United states

answer

True

question

Which of the following is NOT a general effect of all arounders?

answer

intensifying one's ability to reason so that sensation takes on less importance

question

The crossover or mixing of senses is called

answer

synesthesia

question

Effects of LSD trip last about

answer

6-8 hours

question

The phrase 'turn on, tune in and drop our' was coined by the LSD guru

answer

Dr. Timothy Leary

question

Which of the following statements about peyote is not true

answer

Mescaline is chemically related to THC

question

Which of the following statements is not true about MDMA or ecstasy?

answer

MDMA is a recreational drug and has never been used therapeutically.

question

Which of the following in high doses does not cause psychedelic reactions

answer

The common weed dandelion

question

Which of the following is not a side effect of MDMA use

answer

Shrinking of the stomach

question

The term "sinsemilla" refers to

answer

a growing technique for increasing the THC content in marijuana

question

Which of the following is not a true statement about marijuana?

answer

High-concentration THC marijuana is new, not available in the 1960s

question

Which of the following is a short-term effect of marijuana use? A. impairment of tracking ability B. distortion of a sense of time C. increased appetite D. all of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following is NOT a long- term effect of smoking marijuana? A. acute and chronic bronchitis B. tones down the natural tendencies of the user C. slows learning and disrupts concentration D. probably depresses the immune system

answer

Tones down the natural tendencies of the user

question

Which of the following is not a symptom of marijuana withdrawal

answer

Seizures

question

The institute of medicines report on marijuana and medicine concluded all of the following EXCEPT

answer

There is strong evidence that marijauna use leads to abuse

question

True or false: standard drug testing checks for LSD

answer

False

question

True or false: Withdrawal from LSD is very dangerous due to its characteristic physical withdrawal symptoms

answer

False

question

Frequent and persistent use of LSD is probably due to psychological dependence rather than physical dependence (addiction).

answer

True

question

The chemical structure of psilocybin is similar to LSD.

answer

True

question

The major danger in "'shroom" harvesting is mistaking poisonous mushrooms for those containing psilocybin

answer

True

question

True or false: In 2002 about twice as many high school students had used MDMA (ecstasy) than LSD.

answer

false

question

One serious effect of MDMA use is the depletion of serotonin.

answer

true

question

MDMA use can cause body temperature to rise to a point that the extreme heat can coagulate the blood.

answer

True

question

PCP or "angel dust" is one of the safer hallucinogenic substances since it is an anesthetic used by physicians and veterinarians. True False

answer

False

question

Hashish is a potent form of marijuana made from the sticky resins of the Cannabis plant.

answer

True

question

Which statement is NOT true for inhalants? A. Inhalants are cheap, readily available, and widespread. B. In law enforcement, inhalant abuse has a low status among drug abuse problems. C. Inhalants are slow acting. D. Inhalants have more direct effect on body tissues than most other psychoactive drugs.

answer

Inhalants are slow acting

question

Which is a method of using inhalants?

answer

"balloon and cracker"

question

Which is a reason people use inhalants? A. They are cheaper. B. The high comes and goes quickly. C. They temporarily elevate mood and reduce inhibitions. D. All of the above.

answer

All of the above

question

The most abused solvent inhalant is

answer

Toluene

question

Which is a warning sign of organic solvent abuse

answer

chemical odor on the body

question

Which is NOT true of nitrous oxide (laughing gas)? A. When inhaled, it has a rapid onset and rapid dissolution of effects. B. It is classified as a controlled substance. C. To possess nitrous oxide with the intent to use for other than medical, dental or commercial purposes is a misdemeanor in most states. D. Long-term exposure can cause nerve cell damage due to lack of oxygen.

answer

It is classified as a controlled substance

question

Which is NOT one of the three main types of drugs used by athletes? A. therapeutic drugs B. performance-enhancing drugs C. hypertensive medications D. street drugs

answer

Hypertensive medications

question

Which is NOT a true statement about steroids? A. Many young people use AASs strictly to enhance personal appearance. B. Long-term steroid use by men causes excessive masculinizing effects. C. Heavy use of steroids can cause psychotic episodes. D. There are distinct withdrawal symptoms from heavy steroid use.

answer

Long-term steroid use by men causes excessive masculinizing effects

question

Which of the following is a popular nutritional supplement used by many athletes?

answer

Creatine

question

Which of the following would NOT be an impulse control disorder? A. compulsive walking B. compulsive gambling C. compulsive eating D. compulsive shopping

answer

Compulsive walking

question

To the compulsive gambler, "to chase" means

answer

To continue to gamble to recoup previous losses

question

Which of the following is not an eating disorder as defined by DSM IV TR?

answer

Compulsive eating disorder

question

Which statement is most true regarding anorexics?

answer

They don't know how thin they are and want to get thinner

question

Which behavior is found in sexual compulsivity?

answer

Masturbation

question

Concerning Internet addiction, which of the following is NOT true? A. Some individuals experience a stimulant- like rush when online. B. Some Internet users log onto sex sites compulsively. C. Almost all Internet addiction is about sex sites on the Net; games and chat rooms are not that attractive to the Internet addict. D. Problems begin when the online relationships draw the Net surfer from his or her real-life relationships.

answer

c. Almost all Internet addiction is about sex sites on the Net; games and chat rooms are not that attractive to the Internet addict.

question

Inhalant abuse is a very modern form of drug abuse since it started only with the invention of aerosol cans. True False

answer

False

question

Nitrous oxide use can cause hallucinations.

answer

True

question

The liability for physical dependence and addiction to inhalants is less than for other depressants

answer

True

question

The use of drugs in sports by athletes is a relatively new phenomenon. True False

answer

False

question

The main difference between impulse control disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders is whether the behavior is used primarily to reduce anxiety without deriving pleasure from the activity or whether the behavior initially starts out as pleasurable.

answer

true

question

The proliferation of fast-food restaurants is an example of an environmental factor that could influence compulsive eating

answer

true

question

Compulsive gambling can be as problematic as any drug-based addiction

answer

true

question

There is no evidence to suggest that there may be a genetic (hereditary) predisposition to pathological gambling. True False

answer

False

question

Depression is a major reason some people become compulsive shoppers

answer

true

question

The danger of generalizing the concept of addiction obscures the distinctive characteristics of a specific addiction that needs to be addressed in treatment.

answer

True

question

Historically, there have been three methods to achieve prevention goals. Which of the following is NOT one of those methods? A. reduce the supply B. reduce the prison population C. reduce the demand D. reduce the harm

answer

Reduce the prison population

question

Which of the following is a prevention program that has been tried?

answer

Temperance program

question

Which of the following is NOT a component of the public health model? A. environment B. agent C. guest D. host

answer

Guest

Tox 2 questions` – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards