Topic Test 2 – Flashcards
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The larger pool of subjects from which a study group is chosen is called the __________. A. representation B. population C. sample D. research subjects
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Correct answer: B
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A scientific theory is an idea supported by research that attempts to explain existing observations or predict new ones.
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Correct answer: True
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One disadvantage to experimental research is that experimental conditions do not always reflect reality.
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Correct answer: True
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By assigning numerical values to descriptions of observed behaviors, psychologists can transfer __________ data into ___________ data. A. qualitative . . . quantitative B. observed . . . recorded C. quantitative . . . recorded D. quantitative . . . qualitative
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Correct answer: A
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A psychologist whose goal is to describe a behavior will __________. A. record descriptions as objectively as possible B. discuss why a behavior has occurred C. hypothesize or predict future behavior D. give tips to control unwanted behavior
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Correct answer: A
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A cross-sectional research study analyzes the same group of subjects over a long period of time.
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Correct answer: False
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In an experiment, the group not receiving treatment is also referred to as the __________ group. A. sample B. experimental C. control D. extraneous
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Correct answer: C
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Read the hypothesis below and answer the question that follows. Individuals who smoke will have a higher frequency of developing cancer later in life. Which of the following would not be a potential extraneous variable for the stated hypothesis? A. the occurrence of lung cancer in subjects B. exposure to secondhand smoke C. the amount of cigarettes smoked per day by subject D. the number of years as a smoker
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Correct answer: A
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Which of the following statements is an observation? A. Drivers like getting to places quickly because it gives them a sense of control. B. Traffic signals should be timed to lessen traffic density. C. Drivers that speed will receive more traffic citations than other motorists during holidays. D. Motorists report enjoying driving during periods of low traffic density.
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Correct answer: D
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One of the primary benefits of a survey is that they __________. A. can generate cause-and-effect conclusions B. allow efficient gathering of unobservable phenomena C. allow for researchers to observe one's natural behavior D. are able to provide a detailed look at a single subject
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Correct answer: B
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Which of the following statements about extraneous variables is not accurate? A. An extraneous variable can also be a confounding variable. B. An extraneous variable clarifies the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. C. An extraneous variable can alter the results of an experiment in an undesired way. D. An extraneous variable cannot be the same as an independent variable.
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Correct answer: B
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Which of the following types of research is conducted on multiple occasions over time? A. experimental B. longitudinal C. representative D. cross-sectional
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// C?
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When a hypothesis has been supported by observations from numerous experiments, it may be referred to as a __________. A. principle B. law C. observation D. theory
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////// D?
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Which of the following statements is an EXPLANATION? A. Aggressive chimpanzees should be monitored during meal times or fed separately from other chimpanzees. B. Chimpanzees will behave aggressively when they feel threatened by other individuals. C. A chimpanzee associates food stealing with aggression due to evolutionary pressure. D. Giving better supplies of food to chimpanzees will decrease their aggressive behavior.
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// C?
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It is possible to represent most data in both qualitative and quantitative forms.
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// True?
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The treatment group in an experiment is also called the control group.
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// Correct answer: True
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One of the disadvantages of experimental research is that __________. A. it isn't easily replicated B. it doesn't often reflect reality C. the results aren't generalizable D. conditions are not controllable
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////// Correct answer: B
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Which of the following statements is not correct concerning qualitative and quantitative research? A. Research cannot use both qualitative and quantitative methods in a study. B. Research can use both qualitative and quantitative data in a study. C. Quantitative research uses numbers and measurements. D. Qualitative research uses descriptions and observations.
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C?
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Scientific observations inspire scientific hypotheses and theories.
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////// True?
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Which of the following statements is a prediction? A. Aggressive chimpanzees should be monitored during meal times or fed separately from other chimpanzees. B. Chimpanzees will behave aggressively when they feel threatened by other individuals. C. A chimpanzee associates food stealing with aggression due to evolutionary pressure. D. Giving better supplies of food to chimpanzees will decrease their aggressive behavior.
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Correct answer: D
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Naturalistic observation is commonly used for anthropology studies.
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Correct answer: True
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A research study that proposed to describe the behaviors of high school teachers would be __________. A. experimental B. representative C. propositional D. descriptive
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B?
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Both the experimental group and the control group are exposed to the same __________. A. type of treatment B. independent variable C. confounding variables D. experimental conditions
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B?
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Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. A researcher wants to know if the same parenting style used effectively on urban children at a young age will remain as effective as the same children get older. The researcher would most likely conduct the research using which descriptive research method? A. naturalistic observation B. longitudinal study C. cross-sectional study D. case study
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///////////////////////////////////////////////////B?
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Research that explores cause and effect relationships by manipulating data is known as __________. A. descriptive B. quantitative C. experimental D. qualitative
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D?
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Quota sampling is mostly based on participant availability or volunteers.
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Correct answer: False
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A researcher who does not want to manipulate or interfere with the behavior of research subjects would conduct a __________ study. A. cross-sectional B. naturalistic observation C. case D. longitudinal
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Correct answer: B
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All of the following are processes used for designing a research question except __________. A. carefully observing behaviors B. researching known information C. collecting data for the study D. establishing questions to guide research
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B?
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Creating a testable hypothesis comes after which step in the scientific method? A. collecting research data B. designing a research study C. reporting research findings D. developing a research question
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A?
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Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. A researcher wants to compare math performance scores of high school juniors who are located in various urban areas. The researcher will most likely conduct the research by using which descriptive research method? A. naturalistic observation B. longitudinal study C. cross-sectional study D. case study
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////// A?
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Read the data example below and answer the question that follows. Three out of five seniors remain undecided about a college major at the end of their senior year. What type of data is represented? A. qualitative B. quantitative C. experimental D. naturalistic
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C?
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When researchers replicate a study, they are seeking to __________. A. prove that the hypothesis upon which the study was founded is untestable B. develop a new hypothesis C. change the study to provide new results D. support or reject the hypothesis upon which the study was founded
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C?
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In a single-blind study, neither the researchers or the participants are aware of group assignments.
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Correct answer: False
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__________ research is a type of research that describes various types of data collected through observational research methods. A. Descriptive B. Behavioral C. Experimental D. Predictable
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B?
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Data that consists of numbers and measurements is called __________ data. A. quality B. quantitative C. qualitative D. quasi-experimental
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///////////////////////////////////////////////////C?
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Some researchers claim that there is not much difference between qualitative and quantitative data.
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True?
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Qualitative research generally uses numbers to represent research data.
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////// True?
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An anthropomorphic error occurs when researchers __________. A. tell research subjects that they are being observed B. fail to properly manipulate variables in an experiment C. fail to explain behavior of subjects in an objective way D. assign human-like emotions and behavior to animals
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////// Correct answer: D
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A scientific theory must be supported with empirical evidence.
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// Correct answer: True
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Read the hypothesis below and answer the question that follows. Playing video games will improve individual spatial skills. What is the dependent variable in the experiment? A. playing video games B. type of subjects C. type of video game D. spatial skills
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// A?
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Experimental research focuses on explaining why various phenomena happen.
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// True?
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Placebos are sometimes used in research in order to demonstrate the effects of participant expectations or beliefs on the outcome of behavior.
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////// True?
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A study done on the driving habits of motorists in 1925 will be generalizable to present-day motorists.
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///////////////////////////////////////////////////Correct answer: False
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Descriptive research attempts to explore cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating data.
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////////////////////////////////////////////////////Correct answer: False
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All of the following are types of sampling techniques used in research except __________ sampling. A. quota B. availability C. convenience D. random
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// B?
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Researching known information is an important process of developing a research question.
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// Correct answer: True
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Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. A researcher studying the most common teacher opinions on student lunch room behavior arranges the opinions in four categories and writes a report to present the descriptive data to the school board. For this study, the researcher is analyzing data by using __________ measures. A. experimental B. qualitative C. quantitative D. naturalistic
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///////////////////////////////////////////////////B?
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A confounding variable can also be considered an extraneous variable.
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// Correct answer: True
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A research study that proposed to describe the behaviors of high school teachers would be __________. A. experimental B. representative C. propositional D. descriptive
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////// C?
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Determining which type of research method to use in a study is an important part of developing a research question in the scientific method.
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////// Correct answer: false
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Everyday occurrences, such as identifying criminals in police lineups, can be improved by using psychological experimental procedures, such as __________. A. single-blind procedures B. simultaneous lineups C. experimental design D. double-blind procedures
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//////////////////////////////////////////////////// Correct answer: B
