Topic 9: IT Project Management – Flashcards
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What is the project triple constraint?
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scope time cost
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What are the most important measures of project success?
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- meeting business case requirements - on?time delivery - within budget delivery
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What helps projects succeed?
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user involvement, executive support, clear business objectives, expertise, agile process, skills, tools and infrastructure
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project management vs. project portfolio management
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project more operational, portfolio more strategic and holistic
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steps in portfolio management
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1. collect 2. prioritize 3. allocate resources 4.automatie the repository 5. apply modern portfolio theory, including risk?return tools that map project risk on a curve
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What does Project integration management involve?
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coordinating all knowledge areas (management of scope, time, cost, quality, HR, communications, risk, procurement and stakeholder) throughout a project's life cycle
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What are the main processes involved in project integration mgt?
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Develop the project charter Develop the preliminary project scope statement Develop the project management plan Direct and manage project execution Monitor and control the project work Perform integrated change control Close the project
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What is a project charter?
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a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and mgt (title, start and finish dates. milestones, budget, employees, objectives, approach)
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What is Scope?
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all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them
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What is project scope management?
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processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project
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What is a scope management plan?
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a document that includes descriptions of how the team will - prepare the project scope statement - create the work breakdown structure (WBS) - verify completion of the project deliverables - control requests for changes to the project scope
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The Project scope management process has the following stages:
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- Collect requirements of product - Define scope - Create the WBS - Verify scope (formalized acceptance by customers and sponsors) - Scope control
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What is the WBS?
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- work breakdown structure: subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components - provides the basis for planning and managing - project schedules, costs, resources, and changes - work package at the lowest level of WBS = To-Do Liste
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How to make a WBS?
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- mind-mapping - top-down / bottom-up, starting with biggest / smallest items of project - no easy task and usually requires several iterations
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What is a WBS dictionary?
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- a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item - Each WBS item must be documented in a WBS dictionary to ensure accurate understanding of the scope of work included and not included in that item
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Whats the advice for creating a WBS and WBS dictionary?
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- unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS - The work content of a WBS item is the sum of the WBS items below it - A WBS item is the responsibility of only one individual, even though many people may be working on it - Project team members should be involved in developing the WBS to ensure consistency and buy?in
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Scope verification involves..
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.. formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders
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Scope creep is..
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.. the tendency of project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger
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Goals of scope control are to
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- influence the factors that cause scope changes - assure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control - manage changes when they occur
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What are stages of the Project time management process?
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1. Activity definition 2. Activity sequencing 3. Activity resource estimating 4. Activity duration estimating 5. Schedule development 6. Schedule control
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What is the output of the first step of the Project time management process "activity definition"?
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- activity list - activity attributes - milestone list
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What is the output of the second step of the Project time management process "activity sequencing"?
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project schedule network diagram (formats: activity on arrow, activity on node)
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Which dependencies (need in sequencing of project activities or tasks) exist?
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- Mandatory (hard logic) - Discretionary (soft logic) - External (non-project activities)
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What is the output of the third step of the Project time management process "activity resource estimating"?
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- activity resource requirements - resource breakdown structure
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What is the output of the fourth step of the Project time management process "activity duration estimating"?
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activity duration (=time, not effort) estimates as a three-point estimate (three weeks for the optimistic, four weeks for the most likely, and five weeks for the pessimistic estimate)
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What is the output of the fifth step of the Project time management process "schedule development"?
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project schedule, schedule baseline, project calendar a realistic project schedule that provides a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project
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What are important tools and techniques for schedule development?
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- Gantt charts (corresponding to work packages in the WBS) - critical path analysis - critical chain scheduling - PERT analysis
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What is the critical path?
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the longest path through the network diagram and has the least amount of slack or float
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What is critical chain scheduling?
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a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date, uses the Theory of Constraints (TOC)
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What is the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)?
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- a network analysis technique used to estimate project duration when there is a high degree of uncertainty about the individual activity duration estimates - uses probabilistic time estimates based on optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates of activity durations
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What is the output of the sixth step of the Project time management process "schedule control"?
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performance measurements
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What are steps of the Project cost management process?
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1. Cost estimating 2. Cost budgeting (allocating the costs to work items (WBS)) 3. Cost control
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What are steps in the Project communications management process?
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1. Identify stakeholders 2. Plan communications (information needs, time, content, format..) 3. Distribute information 4. Report performance
