Tobacco Notes – Flashcards
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How many US adults smoke cigarettes?
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41 million
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What percent of US adolescents smoke cigarettes?
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23.3%
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Cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco has increased/declined (choose one) over the past ____ years.
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declined, 10
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What does the money collected from taxing cigarettes go towards?
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To cancer research.
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Name 4 states that are among the states with the highest tax on cigarettes.
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New York, Rhode Island, New Jersey, and Connecticut.
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What restriction is placed on tobacco products?
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Age
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What age do you have to be in order to legally buy cigarettes?
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19
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When was the law to change the legal age to purchase tobacco in New Jersey passed, and when did it go into effect?
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The law to change the legal age to purchase tobacco in New Jersey was passed on April 15, 2006 and went into effect January 3, 2007.
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If caught _________ to or __________ tobacco products for individuals under the legal age, you can be _____________ or __________
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selling, buying, arrested, fined
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What law is New Jersey looking to pass concerning the use of tobacco in cars?
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NJ is looking to pass a law that states if a driver is caught using burning tobacco products (cigarettes, pipe, etc.) while children 17 and under are present in the car, the driver can receive a fine of $250.
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Why do young people start using tobacco?
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Feel insecure in social situations Peer pressure They think they can stop at any time Addiction - physical and psychological dependence Learned habit
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What is tobacco?
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Tobacco is a green, leafy plant grown in warm climates (mainly the southeast)
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How many chemicals are in tobacco and the smoke from burning it?
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There are over 7,000 chemicals known to be in tobacco and the smoke from burning tobacco. (arsenic, acetone, formaldehyde, etc.)
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Name the 4 main toxins in tobacco.
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Carcinogens, Nicotine, Tar, and Carbon Monoxide.
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What are carcinogens and how many of them are in tobacco products?
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Carcinogens are cancer causing chemicals, and over 70 known carcinogens are found in tobacco products, and this number keeps rising.
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What is nicotine and what does it do?
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It is the natural, addictive chemical in tobacco that also acts as a stimulant in the human body. Nicotine is a stimulant, which raises your heart rate (higher chance of heart disease), If ingested at high enough levels, nicotine can be deadly It causes the body to crave the tobacco product. The body can exhibit withdrawal symptoms from not having nicotine.
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What is tar and what does it do?
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Tar is a dark, sticky fluid released when tobacco is burned, such as in cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. Tar is a known carcinogen!
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What are cilia and how is it affected by the intake of tar?
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Cilia are hair like structures located throughout the body that are responsible for protecting a person from germs in the lungs. Tar mats down the cilia, preventing the body from fighting infection.
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What does the butt end of a cigarette attempt to do?
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The butt end attempts to trap tar, but it only stops a small amount of tar from entering your throat and lungs.
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What is carbon monoxide and what can it do to you?
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Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is released in the smoke from burning tobacco. This gas is poisonous to the human body. If ingested in large amounts it can kill you.
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What is "Chew"?
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Moist, shredded tobacco leaves that contain very high amounts of sugar
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What is "Dip, Spit, Pinch"?
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Very finely shredded, moist tobacco. Dip tobacco contains less sugar than chew tobacco, but much more nicotine. One "dip" or use of this type of tobacco can contain as much nicotine as 10 cigarettes!
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What are cigars?
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Smoke is not inhaled as with cigarettes and allows more nicotine to be absorbed. It contains high levels of nicotine and carcinogens.
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What is hookah?
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Water pipes that are used to smoke specially made tobacco. Comes in flavors. Hookah smoking has many of the same health risks as cigarette smoking.
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What are electronic cigarettes?
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(e-cigarette) battery-operated devices designed to deliver nicotine with flavorings and other chemicals to users in vapor instead of smoke.
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What is cancer?
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cancer is caused when the DNA of a cell is altered (mutated). When that cell multiplies, the cancer gets bigger (called tumors) and eventually it can spread throughout the body.
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What are the two types of tumors?
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A cancerous tumor is considered malignant where a non cancerous tumor is benign
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Describe Lung cancer.
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The leading cause of cancer related deaths in the U.S. every year
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Describe Throat cancer.
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Cancers that develop because of the constant inhalation of tobacco smoke or the ingestion of saliva from chewing tobacco. -All inhaled smoke must pass through the throat to reach the lungs!
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Describe Oral cancer.
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Cancer of the mouth (gums, lips, tongue, etc...) -Commonly smokeless tobacco is responsible for most tobacco related mouth cancers
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Name the signs of oral cancer.
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• a sore on your lip or in your mouth that won't heal • bleeding in your mouth • loose teeth • difficulty or pain when swallowing • A lump in your neck • Leukoplakia - a white leathery patch that appears on the inside of the mouth from the use of chewing tobacco. • an earache • Hairy tongue - the papillae on the tongue become elongated. The taste buds are destroyed. The only way to get rid of the "hairy tongue" is to have it surgically removed.
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What is Emphysema?
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A condition in which the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs that are designed to get oxygen into your blood, fracture or burst (lose elasticity). Once air sacs are damaged, they do not grow back.
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How do people with emphysema feel?
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People with emphysema feel as if they are always short of breath (like a plastic bag has been placed over their head)
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Is emphysema preventable? Is it curable?
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Emphysema is a preventable yet incurable disease
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Name some signs of emphysema.
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Signs of Emphysema may include, cough with phlegm and struggling to exhale.
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Why do some non-smokers develop lung cancer?
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Non-smokers have developed lung cancer from second hand smoke
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What is second hand smoke?
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The smoke that comes from the lit end of the cigarette and the smoke the smoker exhales.
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Describe some of the effects of smoking on children.
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• Smoking effects on children: more asthma attacks, smaller developed lungs, & more sickness.
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How many children die form secondhand smoke?
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7,300 deaths occur from secondhand smoke.
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People who experience secondhand smoke in certain areas are a percentage more likely to develop lung cancer. Name the areas and the percentage.
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Home or work, 20-30%
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Relate smoking to heart disease.
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The #1 killer of Americans every year People who smoke a pack a day are 2 times more likely to suffer a heart attack than a non-smoker
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What complications can smoking cause to your cardiovascular system?
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Smoking causes several complications in the cardiovascular system such as arteriosclerosis and blood clots. It decreases the amount of oxygen to the heart. This is a direct result of carbon monoxide attaching to the red blood cells where the oxygen is supposed to be.
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Why is smoking harmful to your heart (other than the carbon monoxide)?
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Because nicotine is a stimulant and it raises your heart rate, and makes your heart work harder, which could have harmful problems, such as increasing your risk for a stroke, heart attack, heart failure, dementia, kidney (renal) disease, eye problems (retinopathy), erectile dysfunction.
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What is arteriosclerosis?
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The chemicals in tobacco smoke can harm your blood cells, the function of the heart, and the function of your blood vessels. This can increase your risk for arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is a disease in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up it your arteries, narrowing then and reducing blood flow. This can lead to atherrosclerosis, the hardening of arteries. If there is plaque build-up in the coronary (heart) arteries, you would develop Coronary heart disease, which could lead to chest pain, heart attack, heart failure, arrhythmias, or even death.
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What can smoking during pregnancy cause?
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Smoking while pregnant can have adverse effects on the developement of a baby
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Name some of the problems a baby could have if the mother smoked while pregnant.
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You are more likely to miscarriage, stillbirth, have a baby who suffers from SIDS, or learning disabilities.
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What is a miscarriage?
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Spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week, most often before the 12th week.
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What is a stillbirth?
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Stillbirth is when a baby dies in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
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What is SIDS?
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old. SIDS is sometimes known as crib death because the infants often die in their cribs.
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What problems does smoking cause the placenta and what can that do to the baby?
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Smoking can cause problems with the placenta (the lifeline of the baby. It's how the mother feeds and nourishes the baby while in the uterus). -Babies born early generally suffer from more breathing problems and have longer hospital stays after birth -As the baby's brain is developing, the mother is depriving it of oxygen each time she smokes
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What is the biggest problem with quitting tobacco?
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The biggest problem when quitting tobacco is coping with the withdrawal symptoms
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When will withdrawal symptoms peak? When will they disappear?
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These symptoms will generally peak the first 48 hours after you quit and disappear 6 months later.
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What is cold turkey?
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Completely quit tobacco all at once. (No cutting back. No nicotine substitutes. No medications )
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What are NRTS/Medication?
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(nicotine replacement therapies) - Are the therapies and medications are designed to wean you off of your nicotine.
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What is a nicotine patch and how does it help you quit smoking?
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Prescription patch that looks like a square band aid, that contains nicotine that is absorbed through the skin
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What is Nicotine gum and how does it help you quit smoking?
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Non-Prescription gum that contains nicotine •Designed to chew and slowly release nicotine into the blood to help wean you off nicotine
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What is Bupropion and how does it help you quit smoking?
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(common name brand is Zyban) Does not contain nicotine!! Prescription medication designed to reduce your desire to smoke by stimulating the chemicals in the brain to alter the taste of the cigarette.
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What is Varenidine and how does it help you quit smoking?
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(common name brand is Chantix) Also helps alcohol addiction. Prescription medication designed to make smoking less pleasurable, vomiting occurs.
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What is a electronic cigarette and how does it help you quit smoking?
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Also known as "e-cig" Looks like a traditional cigarette, contains nicotine cartridge (can also get without nicotine cartridge) People use this to help with the oral habit of smoking and to wean themselves off the nicotine addiction.
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Describe the history of the cigarette filter.
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The filter reduces the harshness of the cigarette smoke and traps a small amount of tar, particles and smoke. Cigarettes originally did not have filters, but you can still get unfiltered cigarettes today.
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Describe how the costs of cigarettes are changing.
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Costs of cigarettes has significantly increased in the past ten years. A portion of the proceeds goes to the American Cancer Society for research of tobacco related cancers/sicknesses.
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Describe the Smoking in Public Places Law.
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In 2007 NJ passed a law banning smoking from public places in order to promote the clean air law. Electronic cigarettes are illegal to smoke indoors as well.
