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Maycomb - Tired old town No one is in a rushes b/c there is nowhere to go Jem - protective brother of scout, sin of Atticus Atticus- father, lawyer Scout- energetic and fun
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What do you learn in this chapter (1) about Maycomb, Atticus Finch and his family?
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7 yrs old small for his age stays with his aunt in the summers big personality from mississippi
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What do you learn about Dill's character?
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She is the maid and cook, motherly figure to the kids, gets along with them well
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What is Calpurnia's role in the household? How does she get along with the children?
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He has gotten in trouble with the law as a teen No one has seen him since he was released from the basement He supposedly stabbed his father He was blamed for everything bad in the town His real name is Arthur and his brother is Nathan
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What is learned in this chapter about Boo Radley's history?
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She is tired of being lonely while Jem is at school. She wants to learn and play with other kids
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Why is Scout so looking forward to starting school?
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Scout is younger than him and he does not want to ruin his image yes
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Why does Jem not want anything to do with Scout at school? Is his behavior typical of an older child?
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She is strict and doesn't know how to teach She isn't from maycomb
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What do you think of Miss Caroline Fisher as a teacher? Can you find qualities that would make her good or not so good at her job?
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She can read She can write in cursive She explained the cunningham situation
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How does Scout get in trouble on her first day of school?
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They don't take what they can't repay Farmers
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How does Scout describe the cunninghams?
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When she feared it would be taken away Breathing bc you don't enjoy it until you take it away
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When does Scout realize she loves to read? What does she compare it to?
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Won't take what he can't replace Never eats this well Asks for syrup Looks very poor
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What is Walter Cunningham like? What does his behaviour during lunch suggest about his home life?
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Treats him like an adult Very admirable
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What do you think of the way Atticus treats Walter?
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She must respect her company Can't judge their life
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Does Scout learn anything from Walter's visit? What do you think this is?
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Means to put yourself in someone else's shoes Yes she learned easily
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Atticus says that you never really understand a person "until you climb into his skin and walk around in it". What does this mean? Is it an easy thing for Scout to learn?
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No rules Dirty and poor Don't work Rude Break laws
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Describe the Ewell family.
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They don't know the real story but they can't talk to the Radleys; they act it out and fill it in with their own ideas
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Why do the children make Boo's story into a game?
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Reenact the rumors and fill in the blanks with their imagination; it's not accurate caused most are rumors
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What do they do in this game? Do you think the game is an accurate version of what happens in the Radleys' home?
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Boo might have been laughing at scout hitting the house while rolling in the tire
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What might be the cause of the laughter from inside the house?
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Gum Indian head pennies
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What do they find in the knothole of the tree?
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Loves to garden and baking, nice lady and has close relationship with scout; she went to school with Boo and scout's uncle, Jack; not a typical maycomb lady(doesn't like to gossip)
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Describe Miss Maudie Atkinson? How typical is she of Maycomb's women? What do the children think of her?
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He was a nice boy and wasn't crazy; the town's view was changed when he got into trouble in high school; his name is actually Arthur; his dad was very controlling and kept him inside and that's when the rumors started
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What does Miss Maudie tell Scout about Boo? How does this compare with what Scout already believes?
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He wasn't proud of his background and wanted to look cool
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Scout claims that "Dill could tell the biggest ones " (lies) she ever heard. Why might Dill have told such lies?
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It is making fun of the family and shouldn't put the rumors on display and they need to stop harassing boo.
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What reasons does Atticus give for the children not to play the Boo Radley game? Do you think he is right? Why?
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It's dangerous and she doesn't want to get in trouble with atticus bc she's the youngest
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Why does Scout disapprove of Jem's and Dill's plan of looking in at one of the Radleys' Windows?
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They see a shadow of a man Aas the run away, they get shot at and Jem's pants get caught in the fence sh ehe has to leave them behind
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What actually happens when Jem, Scout, and Dill try to look into the Radley house?
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Realizes that boo is leaving the gifts and trying to communicate so he wants to give him a thank you letter; and that boo fixed his pants
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Can you find any evidence that Jem is beginning to understand more than Scout about Boo Radley? What do you think this is?
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No he realizes they're gifts from boo
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Does Jem still fear the gifts in the tree? Give reasons for your answer
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He is really upset and now realizes he has to grow up
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Discuss Jem's reaction when he runs into Mr. Nathan plugging in the knothole of the tree.
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Miss Maudie's house catches on fire Boo puts a blanket around Scout
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What happens the night of the snowfall and who makes an appearance?
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If he didn't he wouldn't be able to live with himself He's going to try Not very usual
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How well does Atticus feel he should defend Tom Robinson? Is it usual for (white) lawyers to do their best for black clients in Alabama at this time?
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They feel he is making the family look bad
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How do Francis' comments to Scout about her dad reflect how some of her family members feel about Atticus defending Tom Robinson?
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You have to listen to both sides of the story (empathy)
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What does Scout teach Uncle Jack about children?
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This sentence means that Atticus wanted Scout to hear him talking about how he wants them to trust him more than what the public says. This is important to the story because Atticus knows he is going to lose the case, but wants to show his kids that you have to stand up for what is right.
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Read the final sentence of this chapter. Explain in your own words what it means and why it might be important in the story.
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Younger no
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Scout says that "Atticus was feeble". Do you think that this is her view as she tells the story or her view when she was younger? Does she still think this after the events recorded in this chapter?
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They don't cause you any harm
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Why is it a sin to kill a mockingbird?
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Jem says no bc if Atticus wanted people to know he would have told them Scout says yes bc she wants to impress people
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Jem and Scout have different views about telling people at school how well Atticus can shoot. Explain this difference. Which view is closer to your own?
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He felt he had an advantage over living things He has respect for life
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Why does Miss Maudie think Atticus quit hunting years ago? What does this tell you about Atticus?
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He was kind to Ms. Dubose no matter how mean or disrespectful she was
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What makes Atticus the bravest man Scout has ever known?
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She calls Atticus a ******-lover He destroys her garden
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What causes Jem to snap with Mrs. Dubose one day? How does he react?
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He has to read to her every day for 2 hours for a month
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Describe Jem's punishment.
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She is more courageous than Atticus yes
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Atticus says that Mrs. Dubose is a model of real courage rather than "a man with a gun in his hand". What does he mean? Do you think he is right?
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Preparing you for the trial
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Chapters ten and eleven are the last two chapters in the first part of the book. Explain why Harper Lee chooses to end the first part here.
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Other than Lula, everyone welcomed them bc they love Atticus
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Comment on Jem's and Scout's visit to First Purchase church.
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They would not let anyone leave until they have $10
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How does the Church community try and help the Robinson family?
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White and black talk She doesn't want them to feel bad bc she is more educated in a way
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What two languages does Calpurnia know? Why does she speak differently when around African Americans?
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Put my bag in the front bedroom, Calpurnia; stop scratching your head jean louise; yes it's typical, she just thinks of Calpurnia as a hired maid instead of family, correcting scout like usual, wanting her to act like a lady
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Read the first two things Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch house. Are these typical of her or not?
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Bc she doesn't have a woman's influence(which she does - Calpurnia) and doesn't know how a lady "should" act, and she can't carry a conversation with her, no she is wrong; no
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Alexandra thinks Scout is "dull" (not clever). Why does she think this, and is she right? are all adults good at knowing how clever young people are?
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How does Atticus respond to the suggestion? She thinks she doesn't need her help, and she doesn't really like cal, and it might affect their image; atticus says no cal is important to the household and is part of the family and she gets to to decide when she wants to leave
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Why does Alexandra think Atticus should dismiss Calpurnia?
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His parents neglect him, his stole money from his mom and took the train to maycomb then walked the rest of the way to the finch house
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What do we learn from Dill's account of his running away?
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She gets in everyone's business and starts gossiping right away
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How does Aunt Alexandra involve herself in Maycomb's social life?
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A group of men show up at the house
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What is the first sign that there will be trouble over the summer?
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At the jail Protect Tom
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Where do the children find Atticus one evening? Why is he there?
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He said no bc he wants to make sure atticus doesn't get hurt and protect him
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How does Jem react when Atticus tells him to go home, and why?
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Scout talking to Mr. Cunningham about his son
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What persuades the lynching-party to give up their attempt on Tom's life?
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She reminds them of humanity
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Comment on the way Scout affects events without realizing it at the time.
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Mr. Underwood Newsreporter
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Who was secretly watching for Atticus during the incident and what does this person do for a living?
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A "drunk" man with a black wife
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What sort of person is Dolphus Raymond?
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They are sad
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Explain what Jem says about mixed children.
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He lets the children sit in the balcony with the black folks; yes it was a very kind offer when they couldn't find a seat or no because if Atticus wanted them there we would have made sure they had a seat
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How does Reverend Sykes help the children see and hear the trial? Is he right to do?
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Yes but ppl think he does not
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Comment on Judge Taylor's attitude to his job. Does he take the trial seriously or not?
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Mayella getting slapped in the face He doesn't quite know what side of the face was slapped
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What are the main points in Heck Tate's evidence? What does Atticus show in his cross examination of Sheriff Tate?
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Left handed
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What do you learn from Bob Ewell's evidence?
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To see which hand writes with, the jury sees he is left handed; and she was beaten on her right side
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Why does Atticus ask Bob Ewell to write out his name? What does the jury see when he does this?
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She claims Tom beat and raped her after she had him complete a task
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Summarize Mayella Ewell's testimony.
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She thinks he is mocking her No
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How does Mayella react to Atticus's politeness? Is she used to being polite?
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Everyman for himself Dad's an alcoholic Sick Tires for shoes 6 jars of red flowers
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What do we learn indirectly of the home of the Ewell family in this chapter?
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Very jumpy, defensive, can't remember stuff She acts out of fear
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Describe Mayella's demeanor during her testimony during Atticus' cross examination. What might be the reason for her crying in court
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Bob beat her
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What does Atticus imply happened to Mayella?
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She has to take care of her siblings all the time and her dad doesn't help, she doesn't have friends her own age
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Why does Scout think that Mayella Ewell was "the loneliest person in the world"?
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She kisses him
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Summarize Tom's testimony. What "mistake" does he make during Mr. Gilmer's cross exmination?
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Me: not well jury: yes
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How does Mr. Gilmer prove Tom's guilt in the eyes of the reader (you) and in the eyes of the jury? Can you suggest why these might be different?
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No because she wanted attention but he didn't but... they will both do anything to save themselves
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Do you think Mayella is like her father or different from him? In what ways?
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He gets upset and starts crying bc he thinks it's wrong that gilmer is treating tom with disrespect
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How does Dill react to this part of the trial? Why is this, in your opinion?
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It gave him an explanation for him to hang with black people
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Why does Dolphus Raymond pretend to be drunk?
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She broke the social code by kissing a black man
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What, according to Atticus, is the thing that Mayella has done wrong?
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Everyone should be equal in the eyes of the court
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Explain, in your own words, Atticus's views on people's being equal.
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Not guilty Guilty
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What does Jem expect the verdict to be? Does Atticus think the same?
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That they were there for a long time and the verdict is predictable. yes
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What is unusual about how long it takes the jury to reach a verdict? Is the verdict predictable or not?
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The black people stood as a sign of respect for Atticus
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Explain the significance of what happens as Atticus leaves the courtroom.
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Yes People can't be segregated but there is still a divide
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This story is set in the 1930s but was published in 1960. Have attitudes to racism remained the same or have there been any changes (for the better or worse) since then, in your view?
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Atticus had made a fool of him No bc he won't follow through
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Why does Bob Ewell feel so angry with Atticus? Do you think his threat is a real one, and how might he try to "get" Atticus?
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Good idea If he had reacted Bob would have been satisfied
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What do you think of Atticus's reaction to Bob Ewell's challenge? Should he have ignored Bob, retaliated or done something else?
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One of the cunninghams
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Who on the jury was for Tom's acquittal?
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She does not want scout to pick up on their ways It may hurt her reputation no
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Why does Aunt Alexandra accept that the Cunninghams may be good but are not "our kind of folks"? Do you think that people should mix only with others of the same social class? Are class-divisions good or bad for societies?
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There are types of people in Maycomb Each group hates the class below
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What has Jem figured out about the people of Maycomb?
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He does not want to come out bc he doesn't want to be judged
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At the end of this chapter, Jem forms a new theory about why Boo Radley has never left his house in years. What is this? How likely is it to be true, in your opinion?
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He was hot 17 times trying to escape He was tired of what men's chances and he wanted to desperately try
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Explain briefly how Tom was killed. What is Atticus's explanation for Tom's attempted escape. Do you think agree with Atticus?
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No big reaction 2 days of talk then forgotten
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How does Maycomb react to the news of Tom's death?
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Tom's death was typical because he was just another black man escaping and getting shot for it.
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Comment on the idea that Tom's death was "typical"?
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They were doing the same thing to colored folks
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In her lesson on Hitler, Miss Gates says that "we (American people) don't believe in persecuting anyone". What seems odd to the reader about this claim?
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Helen, judge taylor, and Atticus
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Why, according to Atticus, does Bob Ewell bear a grudge? Which people does Ewell see as his enemies, and why? Enemies
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Tried to break in
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What happens to judge taylor in this chapter?
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Bob harassed her Link deas
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Why has helen robinson had to find an alternate route to go to work and who sticks up for her?
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Barely walk in it Can't get out of it Hot
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Explain the potential problems with Scout's costume for the school pageant.
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Boo is always home No bird would be caught singing
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Why does Jem say that Boo Radley must not be at home? What is ironic about this? (Is it true? Does he really mean it? Why might it be important for him and Scout that Boo should not be at home?)
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Bob attacks them
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Explain what happens to Jem and Scout on their way home from the pageant.
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Saves her life
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How is Scout's costume helpful?
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Jem killed him
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What explanation does Atticus give for Bob Ewell's attack?
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Ewell fell on his knife
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What does Heck Tate give as the reason for the attack?
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The Sheriff's was more true because of Jem's age and Jem was hurt already, so he couldn't have killed Bob
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Do you think the sheriff's explanation or Atticus's is the more likely to be true?
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Yes bc boo would be dragged out in the open
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Is Heck Tate right to spare Boo then publicity of an inquest? Give reasons for your Answer.
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It would be a sin to kill a mockingbird
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What connection does Scout make at the end of this chapter?
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Story has come full circle
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How do the events of the final chapters explain the first sentence in the whole novel?
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He gave them everything but she gave them nothing
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What does Scout realize about her and Jem's relationship with Boo?
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Boo Radley saw their entire lives
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Comment on the way the writer summarizes earlier events to show their significance.
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On the radley porch
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When does Scout fully understand what it is like to be in someone else's shoes?
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Maycomb, Alabama 1930s—Great Depression; Racial Segregation From the start to the end of the novel is two years
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Setting?
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Scout Finch
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six year old female narrator; innocent
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Jem Finch
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ten year old brother of Scout; innocent
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Dill Harris
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seven year old friend of Jem and Scout; from Mississippi; spends his summers in Maycomb with his aunt
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Atticus Finch
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Jem and Scout's father; lawyer in his 50s
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Calpurnia
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African American maid/cook who works for the Finches; the Finches realize that they would never make it without Cal; they have a good relationship with one another
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Boo Radley
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adult who has not left his house in thirty years; Jem, Scout, and Dill's mission is to make him come out of his house.
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Tom Robinson
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African American man accused of raping a white woman; Atticus is his lawyer
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The Ewells
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poor white family; no one likes them; "trash;" live off of the welfare system
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Bob Ewell
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father of seven children; spends his relief check on alcohol as opposed to providing for the children
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Mayella
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19 year old daughter who accuses Tom Robinson of rape
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The Cunninghams
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poor white family that does not accept charity in any form
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Aunt Alexandra
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Atticus' sister; "proper"
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Uncle Jack
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Atticus' brother; doctor
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Miss Maudie
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trustworthy, open-minded neighbor
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Mrs. Dubose
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"the meanest old lady who ever lived
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Reverend Sykes
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black priest
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Mr. Nathan Radley
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Boo Radley's brother who comes to take care of the Radley house when Old Mr. Radley dies
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Empathy
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putting yourself in someone else's position.
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lighting a fire under a turtle
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Dill introduces the theme of empathy with the example of ...
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Social class/Race
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there is a set social status in Maycomb. The "average" people look down upon the Cunninghams because they are poor; the Cunninghams look down upon the Ewells because they rely solely on the government; the Ewells look down upon the African Americans because they are black. People develop a hatred for one another based on social status and race. Aunt Alexandra has a set definition of what a proper family is, and her definition has nothing to do with the individual him/herself.
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loss of innocense
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Jem, Scout, and Dill all start the novel out as innocent children who believe in the goodness of their town and "Christian" neighbors. When Atticus is assigned to defend Tom Robinson in court, they begin to realize that their neighbors are not the people that the children thought they were, and the children are forced to grow up suddenly, particularly Jem.
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courage
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Atticus will say that courage is going forward even when you know you're going to be beat or when the odds are highly against you. Several people will demonstrate courage during the course of the novel.
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innocence
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the mockingbird is a symbol for...
