thinking and language
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which psychological specialty is most directly concerned with the systematic study of problem solving, decision making, concept formation, and forming judgements?
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cognitive psychology
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when we use the word "automobile" to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a
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concept
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a prototype is a
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best example of a particular category
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people are likely to take less time to recognize a woman as a nurse than a man as a nurse because a woman more clearly resembles their __ of a nurse
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prototype
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an algorithm is a
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methodical step by step procedure for solving problems
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simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgements efficiently are called
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heuristics
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the confirmation bias refers to the tendency to
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search for information consistent with our preconceptions
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the inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called a
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fixation
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a mental set is most likely to inhibit
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creativity
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marlene forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip, so she spent a very uncomfortable and restless night. unfortunately, she never thought of using her down filled jacket as a pillow. marlenes oversight best illustrates
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functional fixedness
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by encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by a fire, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowner's policies. they are most clearly exploiting the influence of
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the availability heuristic
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stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. this belief best illustrates
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overconfidence
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people asked to forfeit an early payment discount are less upset than when they are asked to bear a late payment surcharge. this best illustrates the importance of
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framing
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the value of generating positive first impression in your initial interactions with a new employer is best underscored by the research on
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belief perseverance
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which of the following illustrates an application of artificial intelligence
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a computer programmed to play chess
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morphemes are
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the smallest speech units that carry meaning
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the smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a
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phenome
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lavonne was careful to avoid the use of dangling participles and run on sentences in her essay because she did not want to lose points for faulty
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syntax
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telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the __ stage of language development
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two word
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noam chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by
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an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules
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whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
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words shape the way people think
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research with children indicates that the use of the generic pronoun "he" tends to trigger images of
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a male
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at the age of 15 months, anita repeatedly cries "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her. she is most likely in the __ stage of language development
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one word
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infants are first able to discriminate speech sounds during the __ stage
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babbling
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it has been suggested that eskimo's rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to percieve differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. this suggestion most clearly indicates
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linguistic determinism
