question

Which one of the following is not considered an experiential and relationship-oriented therapy?

answer

Family systems therapy

question

Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action oriented therapies?

answer

Existential Therapy

question

Which humanistic approach emphasizes the basic attitudes of the therapist as the core of the therapeutic process?

answer

Person-Centered therapy

question

Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe

answer

is dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients.

question

The author makes a case for:

answer

initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations, and then delving more deeply into each approach.

question

Which of the following statements about theories or models of counseling/psychotherapy is true?

answer

There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society.

question

What type of factors oftentimes limit our freedom of choice?

answer

social environmental cultural biological

question

Which of these statements about intervention is true?

answer

During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times.

question

Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a non-directive reactions against psychoanalysis?

answer

Person-centered therapy

question

Francesca, a cognitive behavioral therapist, likes to give homework assignments to her clients. What might her rationale be for doing this?

answer

Homework can be a vehicle for assisting her clients in putting into action what they are learning in therapy.

question

Which of the following statements best describes the author's point of view of the medical model?

answer

A focus on the medical model restricts therapeutic practice because it stresses deficits rather than strengths.

question

A comprehensive approach to counseling:

answer

Goes beyond focusing on our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental and systematic realities that influence us.

question

It is espiecially important for counselors who work with culturally diverse client populations to:

answer

Be aware of their own cultural heritage have a broad base of counseling techniques that can be employed with flexibility consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate examine their own assumptions about cultural values

question

According to the text, research shows that counselor values influence:

answer

Therapy goals assessment strategies treatment outcome

question

Clients place more value on ___ than on ___

answer

the personality of the therapist; the specific techniques being used.

question

With regard to the role of counselor's personal values in therapy, it is appropriate for counselors to:

answer

avoid imposition of their values, yet expose their values to clients.

question

During an initial session, an adolescent girl tells you that she is pregnant and is considering an abortion. Which of the following would be the most ethical and professional course for you to follow?

answer

Help her clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values.

question

Culturally encapsulated counselors would be most likely to:

answer

Depend entirely on their own internalized value assumptions about what is good for people.

question

You are working with an ethnic minority client who is silent during the initial phase of counseling. This silence is probably best interpreted as:

answer

a response consistent with his/her cultural context.

question

Which of the following is not considered essential knowledge for a culturally competent counselor?

answer

Knowing how to analyze transference reactions.

question

Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following except for:

answer

Counselors avoid becoming involved in out of the office interventions.

question

In working with culturally diverse clients, it helps to understand and assess:

answer

what these clients expect from counseling the degree of acculturation that has taken place the attitude these clients have about seeking counseling for their personal problems the messages they received from their culture about asking for professional help

question

Which of the following is not a method of increasing effectiveness in working with diverse client populations?

answer

Realize that practicing from a multicultural perspective will probably make your job very difficult.

question

The ___ factors- the alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills of the therapist, client, and extra- therapeutic factors- are the primary determinants of therapeutic outcome.

answer

Contextual.

question

In becoming an ethical practitioner, a crucial task is to:

answer

learn how to interpret and apply ethical codes to an ethical dilemma.

question

According to the text, the challenge of providing informed consent consists of:

answer

Striking a balance between giving clients too much and too little information about the therapeutic process.

question

Many ethical codes states that dual/ multiple relationships:

answer

Should be avoided whenever possible.

question

Privileged communication does not apply to:

answer

group counseling couples counseling family counseling child and adolescent therapy

question

Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners when:

answer

clients pose a danger to others a child under the age of 16 is the victim of incest, rape, or child abuse an older adult is being abused the therapist determines that the client needs, immediate, involuntary hospitalization

question

Under what circumstances should a therapist consult with colleagues or specialists?

answer

when a client complains about physical symptoms when facing an ethical problem when working with a client for an extended period of time and losing objectivity

question

Both feminist therapists and postmodern therapists tend to view diagnosis as it's traditionally done:

answer

as often oppressive and ignoring societal contexts.

question

According to the text, positive ethics is a practice in which counselors:

answer

base their ethical decisions on what is best for their clients rather than minimum standards of care.

question

During her sessions, Justine questions whether she is trying to meet her client's needs or her own needs. Justine is:

answer

engaging in meaningful self-reflection and self-abasement as a professional.

question

Assessment is a useful method of:

answer

evaluating a client's current level of functioning forming a case conceptualization involving the client as an active participant in treatment. gaining insight into the client' s subjective world.

question

Evidence-based practices are not:

answer

based on psychodynamics principles

question

___ is the view of ethical practice that deals with the minimum level of professional practice.

answer

Mandatory Ethics

question

Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes:

answer

dreams free association post hypnotic suggestions

question

A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to cancel hostile feelings is probably using which ego defense?

answer

Reaction Formation

question

One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelings in the unconscious, is:

answer

repression

question

The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages is:

answer

regression

question

Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as:

answer

projection

question

The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as:

answer

interpretation

question

A person who manages their anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likely using:

answer

denial

question

Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a "safer target") is known as:

answer

displacement

question

Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as:

answer

rationalization

question

The young adult who adopts his parent's outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an example of:

answer

introjection

question

The ego defense mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations is known as:

answer

compensation

question

The electra complex and Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?

answer

Phallic stage

question

Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?

answer

to refer to the energy of all the life instincts.

question

In Ericsson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:

answer

identity v. role confusion

question

The main function of the ego is:

answer

to mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.

question

If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include:

answer

rejecting others' love fear of intimate relationships mistrust of others

question

According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves:

answer

automony v. shame and doubt

question

From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may:

answer

discourage clients who do not hold upper middle class values be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach underscore the role of important cultural and political factor in the client's world

question

All of the following are a part of Jung's view of development except for:

answer

symbiosis

question

All of the following are true about a therapist's countertransference reactions except:

answer

they should be avoided

question

Individuals who display exhibitionistic traits, seek attention and admiration from others, and are extremely self-absorbed might have which of the following personality disorders?

answer

narcissistic

question

A person with a ___ personality disorder is characterized by instability, irritability, self-destructive acts, impulsive anger, and extreme mood shifts. This person is lacking a clear sense of identity, has poor impulse control, and an inability to tolerate anxiety.

answer

borderline

question

It's of paramount that therapists develop some level of objectivity and not react defensively and subjectively in the face of:

answer

anger love adulation criticism

question

As a result of the client/therapist relationship in psychoanalytic therapy:

answer

clients acquire insights into their own unconscious psychodynamics clients are better able to understand the association between their past experiences and their current behavior awareness is increased on the client's part

question

Adler taught that we must successfully master three universal tasks. Which of the following is not one of these tasks?

answer

Enhancing wellness

question

Which is/are true concerning one's style of life?

answer

All people have a lifestyle, but no two people develop exactly the same style. the lifestyle is largely set by the age of 6. one's style of life is a reaction to perceived inferiority. one's style of life is a learned from early interactions in the family.

question

The purpose of examining a client's family constellation is

answer

to get a picture of the individual's early social world.

question

The term "social interest" refers to:

answer

a sense of identification and empathy with others.

question

The statement "Only when I receive everyone's approval will I be whole" is an example of:

answer

a guiding of self-ideal

question

An Adlerian therapist asks the client's earliest recollection in order to:

answer

discover goals and motivations reveal their beliefs and basic mistakes give clues as to the development of that individual's lifestyle

question

According to Adlerians, inferiority feelings:

answer

create motivation to achieve mastery

question

Adlerians view the use of techniques in counseling as:

answer

geared to the phase of therapy and the needs of the client.

question

Adlerian therapy has a phenomenological orientation. Thus, the therapist attempts to view the world:

answer

from the client's frame of reference

question

"Fictional finalism" is an Adlerian term meaning:

answer

an imagined central goal that guides our behavior

question

In helping clients to examine their mistaken goals and faulty assumptions, an Adlerian therapist does not use:

answer

interpretation of the transference relationship

question

Which of the following aspects are assessed when exploring a client's family constellation?

answer

birth order interaction between siblings and parents the child's psychological position in the family

question

One contribution of Adlerian therapy is that:

answer

practitioners are given a great deal of freedom in working with their clients.

question

Which child tends to feel squeezed out and may develop a conviction that life is unfair and a feeling of being cheated?

answer

the middle child

question

All of the following are life tasks that Adler taught we must successfully master except for:

answer

achieving self-actualization

question

The client's core experiences in Adlerian therapy consists of:

answer

discovering their basic mistakes and then learning how to correct them

question

Which of the following would an Adlerian therapist particularly value?

answer

modeling communication and acting in socially minded ways

question

The premise of Adlerian group work is that:

answer

client's problems are usually of a social nature.

question

When counseling couples, Adlerian therapists strive to:

answer

create solutions for problems increase the couple's choices help the couple discover their collective resources enhance the couple's communication

question

The Adlerian approach is well suited to multicultural counseling because:

answer

the approach encourages clients to define themselves within their social context.

question

The basic goal of existential psychotherapy is:

answer

to expand self awareness to increase choice potentials to help clients accept responsibility of choosing to help the client experience authentic existence

question

Finding the "courage to be" involves:

answer

developing a will to move forward despite fears

question

Existential therapy is best considered as:

answer

an approach to understanding humans

question

The central issue in existential therapy is:

answer

freedom and responsibility

question

According to the existential viewpoint, death is:

answer

gives significance meaning to living

question

Which technique is considered essential in existential therapy?

answer

none of these : free association analysis of resistance analysis of dysfunctional family patterns roles playing

question

In a group based on existential principles, clients learn:

answer

that there are no ultimate answers for ultimate concerns. to view themselves thur other's eyes. to come in terms with the paradoxes of existence. the pain is a reality of the human experience...

question

Expanding awareness is:

answer

a basic goal of existential therapy

question

In existential therapy, the conception of the therapist is:

answer

a fully alive human companion for the client

question

When is the counseling process at its best from an existential viewpoint?

answer

when the deepest self of the therapist meets the deepest part of the client

question

Viktor Frankl's approach to existential therapy is known as:

answer

logotherapy

question

Who was the Danish philosopher that addressed the role of anxiety and uncertainty in life ?

answer

Soren Kierkegaard

question

Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings:

answer

is healthy if balanced with aloneness

question

According to existentialists, our search for meaning involves all these except:

answer

exploring unfinished business

question

The central theme running through the works of Viktor Frankl is:

answer

the will to meaning

question

For Sartre, existential guilt is what we experience when:

answer

we allow others to define us or make our choices for us.

question

Existential therapy is unlike many other therapies in that:

answer

it doesn't have a well defined set of techniques it stresses the I/Thou encounter in the therapy process it focuses on the use of the therapist's self as the core of therapy it allows for incorporation of techniques from many approaches

question

Being alone is a process by which we do all of the following except:

answer

reject the social overtures of others...

question

From a multicultural perspective, some clients may reject this approach because:

answer

their life circumstances provide them with truly limited choices.

question

The existential approach is particularly well-suited to clients who:

answer

are dealing with grief and lost

question

Ther person-centered view of human nature:

answer

affirms a person's capacity to direct his/her life

question

Person-centered therapy is best described as:

answer

a philosophy of how the therapy process develops

question

A self-actualized person:

answer

welcomes uncertainty in his or her life has capacity for deep and intense interpersonal realtionships doesn't have artificial dichotomies within him/herself is spontaneous and creative

question

Person-centered therapy is:

answer

a humanistic approach to therapy

question

What is the most important factor related to progress in person-centered therapy?

answer

the relationship between client and therapist

question

The person-centered therapist is best described as a:

answer

facilitator

question

In order for a therapist to communicate "accurate empathic understanding" the counselor must:

answer

connect emotionally to the client's subjective experience.

question

The technique of reflection involves the therapist:

answer

mirroring the client's emotional experience of a particular situation.

question

Arguably, the most central limitation of the person centered approach is:

answer

the therapist's limitation as a person.

question

In applying the person-centered approach to crisis intervention, therapists:

answer

communicate a deep sense of understanding provide genuine support and warmth use a more structured approach and provide clients with some direction.

question

According to Rogerian therapy, an "internal source of evaluation" is defined as:

answer

looking more to oneself for the answers to the problems of existence

question

Which of the following personal characteristics of the therapist is most important, according to Carl Rogers?

answer

genuineness

question

Carl Roger's position on confronting the client is that:

answer

caring confrontations can be beneficial

question

A consistent theme that underlies most of Carl Roger's writing is:

answer

a faith in the capacity of individuals to develop in a constructive manner if a climate of trust is established.

question

The person-centered therapist's most important function is:

answer

to be his or her real self in this relationship with the client

question

From Carl Roger's perspective the client/therapist relationship is characterized by:

answer

a sense of equality

question

One of the limitations of the person-centered approach is that:

answer

there can be a tendency to give too much support and not enough challenge.

question

In person-centered group therapy, the leader:

answer

displays a sense of trust in the members.

question

Accurate empathic understanding helps clients to:

answer

notice and value their experiences reconceptualize earlier experiences modify their perceptions of themselves, others, and the world increase their confidence in making choices and in pursing a course of action

question

A factor that distinguishes the person-centered approach to group counseling from other approaches is:

answer

the therapist's role as facilitator

question

Gestalt therapy is a form of:

answer

existential therapy

question

Field theory suggests that

answer

everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux

question

Erv Polster believes that storytelling

answer

can be the heart of the therapeutic process since people are storytelling beings.

question

The Gestalt therapist:

answer

pays attention to the client's nonverbal language

question

In Gestalt theory, the experiment is considered:

answer

a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client's unique needs

question

When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog) which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

answer

the internal dialogue exercise

question

Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her slouched posture a Gestalt therapist might:

answer

ask greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it.

question

A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his/her personality (such as tenderness) is

answer

the reversal exercise

question

Mariah tells her therapist, a gestaltist, that she dreamt she got married to a pitiful and felt uneasy about telling her parents that she married a dog. When her parents discovered that their son in law was a pitiful, they disowned her and suddenly became dogs themselves. In response to the dream, Mariah's therapist:

answer

should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become each part of the dream.

question

The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggest:

answer

we change through becoming aware of who we currently are

question

The basic goal of Gestalt theory is

answer

attaining awareness, and with greater choice

question

According to Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams:

answer

they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives

question

According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to:

answer

keep themselves from facing unfinished business keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions keep from having to change

question

Gestalt therapist say that clients resist contact by means of:

answer

Retroflection Projection introjection

question

Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other group members?

answer

making the rounds

question

The empty chair technique:

answer

assists clients in re-owning parts of the personality balances internal polarities allows clients to externalize an introject helps resolve unfinished business

question

A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arms. In Gestalt terms, she most likely engaging in:

answer

retroflection

question

Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting ?

answer

confluence

question

Without proper training, Gestalt therapists may:

answer

evoke catharsis without having the ability to work through with their client design faulty experiments may use ready made technique inappropriately may damage the therapeutic relationship with the client

question

Contemporary Gestalt therapists view clients resistance as

answer

an element of therapy that needs to be respected.

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