question

The best way to encourage theoretical creativity and imagination is to...

answer

a) adopt a single paradigm b) develop a paradigm C! have several competing theories d) share one common framework or basic assumption

question

T/F. Popper opposed an "open society" of scholars that embraces theoretical and methodological diversity.

answer

False.

question

T/F. Thinking theoretically requires a willingness to sacrifice detail and embrace broad observations.

answer

true

question

Efforts to develop a "scientific" theory of IR characterizes...

answer

A! a dominant influence on American IR scholarship b)members of the english school of IR theory c) post-structural scholarship d) mainstream normative

question

Having a set of intensively held values...

answer

a) aides our empirical inquiry B! allows personal beliefs to influence empirical inquiry c) strengthens our abilities for observation d) predisposes us to favor observation over belief

question

the "paradigm mentality" leads to research approaches that...

answer

A! are narrow and rigid b) expands scholarly vision c) embrace methodological diversity d) include a diversity of thinkers

question

to think theoretically one must...

answer

a) accept that there is an underlying randomness b) accept that all human behavior is idiosyncratic c) assume no underlying pattern in human affairs D! assume an underlying order to human affairs

question

T/F. Normative claims are based on the assumption that the methods of natural science can be applied to the study of society and politics.

answer

false

question

T/F. The study of "International Relations" depends on how we define the object of our analysis.

answer

true

question

___maintain that "reality" is discursively produced and never entirely coherent

answer

a) realists b) idealists C! post-structuralists d) marxists

question

T/F. The concept of sovereign states as the supreme, independent, and final authority in international politics is very typical of idealist thinking.

answer

false

question

A theory of international politics based on "value judgments" and "moral perspectives" is considered

answer

a) functionalists theory B! normative theory c) utopian theory d) Hobbesian theory

question

Hedley Bull contends that

answer

a) Elements of an international society have emerged only in modern times b) The international system is anarchic with no elements of a society C! Since the dawn of nation states, elements of international society have always been present d) Elements of anarchy--war and struggle--have always dominated the international system

question

Hugo Grotius argued that international law is based upon:

answer

a) natural law b) customary practices c) power politics d) international treaties E! all of the above except c f) all of the above except A

question

That moral principles should guide the world is embraced by

answer

a) thomas hobbes B! immanuel kant c) E.H. Carr d) Hedley Bull

question

Just war theory is a

answer

a) realist rationalization for war B! normative theory that defines the conduct of war c) codified international law d) both B and C

question

T/F. "A prince therefore who desires to maintain himself must learn to be not always good, but to be so or not as necessity may require." This sage advice was given by Immanuel Kant.

answer

false

question

E.H. Carr maintains that a mix of perspectives on international relations must be adopted, and argues that:

answer

a) a naked struggle for power is unworkable b) a sound perspective on world politics must combine realism chastened by idealism c) Utopian ideas alone offer only hollow dreams D! All of the above

question

Grotius argues that international law governs nations' behavior

answer

a) only during times of peace B! in times of war and peace c) only if nations agree to follow the law d) only if the law is based on international treaties

question

T/F. Kant argues that "reason instructs" and motivates us toward the goal of a world society of "perpetual peace"

answer

true

question

Realism holds that international relations are fundamentally:

answer

a) an economic issue. B! an amoral issue. c) a class issue. d) an ethical issue.

question

For realists, anarchy drives states to seek security primarily by

answer

a) seeking cooperation and mutual benefit. b) joining collective security organizations. C! seeking relative power over other states. d) promoting absolute gains for all states.

question

T/F. For Classical Realists, fear is not a fundamental cause of war.

answer

false

question

"The Melian Dialogue" underlines considerations of

answer

a) norms of justice observed by states b) the notion of equality of sovereignty C! power and interest in international politics d) cooperation under anarchy

question

T/F. The Realist perspective originated with classical English authors such as Disraeli.

answer

false

question

Realism emphasizes the constraints placed on international politics by

answer

a) human nature b) the absence of international government c) the primacy of power and security D! all of the above e) only B and C

question

_____writes that "the strong do what they have the power to do and the weak accept what they have to accept."

answer

a) Machiavelli b) Hobbes C! Thucydides d) Rousseau

question

For realists, moral and ethical concerns are generally

answer

a) carefully considered and weighed. b) important factors influencing state decisions. c) influential when considering compliance with legal commitments. D! subordinated to considerations of power and interests.

question

T/F. The "Security Dilemma" is a phenomenon rooted in the anarchic international system.

answer

true

question

The "stag hunt" is Rousseau's illustration of

answer

A! the logic of international anarchy. b) the tendency for cooperation. c) the security dilemma. d) social order created by law and security.

question

T/F. According to Thomas Hobbes, war is an evil that can be prevented by improving human nature.

answer

false

question

The "state" is generally assumed by realists to be

answer

a) dominated by domestic political forces B! a single rational actor c) differentiated by domestic political systems d) one of many important "actors" in a global system

question

Thomas Hobbes argued that:

answer

A! "Where there is no common power, there is no law: where no law, no injustice." b) "It is much safer to be feared than to be loved." c) "The rights of men must be held sacred, however much sacrifice it may cost the ruler." d) Both A and B

question

T/F. Realist agree that "low politics" (trade, domestic concerns, etc) are on par with "high politics" (security, war, etc.) in determining state behavior.

answer

false

question

____argued that imperialism emerged as a direct continuation in the evolution of capitalism.

answer

a) John Hobson b) Karl Marx c) Hegel D! V.I. Lenin

question

Marx's theory of revolution underestimated the power of

answer

a) Socialism b) Capitalism C! Nationalism d) Democracy

question

For economic structuralists, the proper starting point of analysis is:

answer

A! international system b) the nation state c) the state bureaucracy d) the individual

question

Marxists assume that uneven development is the result of

answer

a) lack of fair trade b) centrally planned C! structures of domination d) local cultural factors

question

T/F. The capitalist world-system theory, like theories of realism, necessarily places the state at the center of analysis.

answer

false

question

T/F. Marxism rejects Realism's tendency to analyze politics and the international state system in isolation and the lack of focus on the relationship of international politics and global capitalism.

answer

true

question

Marx and Engels assumed that the main conflict (fault-line) in the globalizing world political economy was

answer

a) The aristocracy and the peasant classes B! The national bourgeoisie and the international proletariat c) The capitalists and the ruling class d) The middle class and the working class

question

Dialectical Materialism is a theory developed by:

answer

a) Immanuel Wallenstein b) Georg Hegel C! Karl Marx d) V. I. Lenin

question

For Marx, the principle form of conflict in human history is

answer

A! Class struggle b) Market competition c) International war d) Armed struggle

question

Lenin's theory of imperialism focused on

answer

a) the developing world b) The post-colonial world c) Russia and China D! Advanced capitalist states

question

Neorealism claims that states are structurally predisposed to behave in generally predictable patterns, but to understand specific behaviors we must look at

answer

a) the balance of power b) the role of international organizations C! the internal disposition of states d) the hierarchic nature of the system

question

Politics conducted in a condition of anarchy makes

answer

a) the domestic differences of states important B! states functionally similar c) state behavior irrelevant in international politics d) similar to politics in a hierarchic system

question

T/F. State behavior is characterized by rational self-interested behavior determined by the systemic constraints of the international system. This statement fairly represents the view of Neorealism.

answer

true

question

T/F. A decision-makers' "perceptions" are considered a "systemic cause" in Neorealist theory of IR.

answer

false

question

The international "system" is independent of the wishes of states but ________ determine system-level outcomes.

answer

a) International organizations B! competition among states c) preferences of states d) human agents

question

Neorealism highlights the constraints of the system by discounting the influence of

answer

a) the characteristics of leaders b) the character of states c) the policy preferences of states D! All of the above

question

According to advocates of systemic theory, explaining international outcomes on the basis of state-level causes is an example of

answer

a) Deductive theory b) Liberal theory C! Reductionist theory d) Post-modern theory

question

An "international system" is defined as:

answer

a) a world order intentionally created by states B! the phenomenon resulting from the interaction of actors c) the process adopted by states to govern the world d) the product of warring states

question

T/F. The structure of the system influences state behavior, but does not determine the outcome.

answer

true

question

According to Neorealists, a theory of international relations that seeks explanation by looking at the human psyche is an example of:

answer

a) Functionalism b) Idealism C! Reductionism d) Psychologism

question

Waltz believes that it is not absolutely necessary to take into account

answer

a) That the system is anarchic B! The Domestic characteristics of states c) The balance of Power d) The relative capabilities of states

question

T/F. A systems theory of IR relegates state-level issues to secondary importance in explaining the outcomes of state actions.

answer

true

question

A system is a mental image that helps us visualize international relations and explain

answer

A! Patterns and interactions of states b) State causes and system effects c) Globalization of international politics d) Reductionist explanations of international relations

question

T/F. The game of prisoners' dilemma is based on the assumption that states do act irrationally.

answer

false

question

T/F. Balance-of-power theory does not explain outcomes in international politics in which the system is anarchic and states seek to survive.

answer

false

question

To say that a state is sovereign is to say that

answer

A! a state can decide for itself its policies. b) a state can do what it wishes to do. c) a state is free of other states' influence. d) a state is not interdependent with other states.

question

Neorealist assume that one of the important effects of anarchy is

answer

A! Even states content to live in peace are condemned to a relentless struggle for security. b) Democratic states will end the tragedy of great power conflict. c) Constant warfare is endemic to an anarchic international system. d) Anarchy alone accounts for international war.

question

T/F. Neorealism assumes that economic cooperation is sought by states in an anarchic world.

answer

false

question

The structure of a system is defined by

answer

a) its ordering principles b) the characteristics of actors in the system c) the distribution of capabilities across the system D! All of the above

question

That similar patterns of state behavior are observed in international politics is attributed to

answer

a) the characteristics of states. b) the economic interdependence of states. C! the structure of the system. d) the hierarchic nature of international politics.

question

T/F. The structure of the system operates as a cause of state behavior, but not the only one

answer

true

question

The "structure" of the system is determined by

answer

a) the attributes of the states in the system B! the attributes of the system c) the policies of the individual states d) the interactions of the states in the system

question

Waltz believes that taking into account which aspect(s) of structure is not necessary if the system is anarchic?

answer

a) the ordering principle B! the domestic characteristics of states c) the distribution of Capabilities d) Both B and C

question

T/F. Balance-of-Power is a theory used to explain the outcome of individual states' efforts to survive and enhance their power.

answer

true

question

Balance-of-Power theory assumes that:

answer

a) states tend to "bandwagon" with larger powers. B! balances are the natural and inevitable outcome of the struggle for power. c) once achieved, a particular "balance" will endure. d) Both A and B

question

Neorealism focuses attention on

answer

a) the characteristics of individual states b) the economic interdependence of states C! states' concerns about relative gains in power d) the need to theorize about a state's foreign policy processes

question

T/F. The use of force and the threat of violence is what distinguish domestic politics and international politics.

answer

false

question

The ordering principle in any given system can be which of the following?

answer

a) Anarchy b) Autarky c) Hierarchy d) All of the above E! A or C

question

When cooperation occurs in international politics, the primary concern(s) of states is/are

answer

a) relative gains in power. b) the impact on the balance of power. c) absolute gains in power. D! Only A and B e) A, B and C are all correct

question

T/F. Liberals assume that international organizations can be independent actors in their own right.

answer

true

question

T/F. Liberal Institutionalists believe that states are more concerned with maximizing absolute gains than ensuring relative gains.

answer

true

question

From the perspective of liberalism, people are reasoning beings concerned with self-preservation and self-improvement and Liberals therefore assume that

answer

a) States are always concerned about relative gains b) States view cooperation reluctantly C! States can learn to secure international peace d) State character is fixed and unchangeable

question

For liberals, states are less inclined to resort to international hostility if

answer

a) They share a common political and economic regime-type b) They engage in commercial rivalry with other states c) They would suffer from the interruption of free trade d) All of the above E! only A and C

question

Liberals assume that peace is the normal state of affairs and this is due to

answer

a) Systemic constraints on states preventing war b) State constitutions that outlaw war C! The laws of nature d) People generally embracing world government

question

Contemporaray Liberals argue that interstate conflict is often caused by

answer

a) the profitability of war B! trade barriers erected by states c) globalization d) capitalists seeking profits

question

This school of thought assumes that states with liberal democratic polities will be emulated by other states.

answer

a) Neo-realist B! Neo-Kantian c) Mercantilist d) Neo-authoritarian

question

For liberals, anarchy is mitigated by

answer

a) international regimes b) State level economic reform c) International institutions d) All of the above E! Only A and C

question

T/F. Liberals believe that the moral aspirations of states will not be thwarted by the absence of an overarching global authority.

answer

true

question

Liberals generally take _______ of how states affect international relations and outcomes.

answer

A! An inside-out view b) A systemic view c) An outside-in view d) A top-down view

question

T/F. Liberalism (Neofunctionalism) takes from game theory analysis of international politics a zero-sum perspective rather than a positive-sum perspective.

answer

false

question

T/F. Voluntarism assumes that system structure takes precedence over agency.

answer

false

question

Robert Keohane argues that strong states with a long time horizon

answer

A! Can facilitate cooperation when dealing with a global collective goods problem b) Always defect to maximize relative power when faced with prisoners dilemma c) Will seek domination over other weaker states d) Are completely constrained by the structure of anarchy

question

National sovereign states trading with each other as discreet economic units is

answer

a) an accurate description of globalization B! more of an exception than the rule c) enhanced by Transnational Corporations (TNCs) d) an idealized notion embraced by liberals

question

A set of principles, norms, rules and procedure around which actors' expectations converge is an

answer

a) International organization B! International regime c) Transnational actor d) International legal entity

question

Liberals believe that the decline in global conflict reflects the

answer

a) Adoption of principle of political legitimacy in domestic politics b) Growth of liberal democracy c) Globalization of international economic relations D! All of the above e) Only B and C

question

Stephen Brooks argues that the key to understanding the relationship between international commerce and war is

answer

a) the total amount of trade between states b) the interdependence of states C! the globalization of production d) the role of advanced capitalism

question

T/F. Like realists, neoliberals assume that there is a logical link between the conditions of anarchy and war.

answer

false

question

A liberal theory that explains how states collaborate to achieve common goals is

answer

a) Power transition theory b) Diversionary theory c) Disjointed incrementalism D! Functionalism

question

Realists rely on static definitions of the "national interests" to explain state behavior, but Constructivists (like Finnemore) contend that state action is motivated more by

answer

a) Changing economic interests B! Changing international norms c) Clearly defined national Interests d) State-level politics

question

T/F. For Constructivists, actors/agents (people and states) are atomistic rational actors, not inherently social and a product of social relationships.

answer

false

question

Post-structuralists view state sovereignty as

answer

a) Elevating the authority of the state above all other actors B! A questionable claim that the state is the primary and exclusive actor in IR c) An international principle rooted in natural law d) A coping mechanism used in an anarchic system

question

T/F. According to constructivist theory, states and individuals are subject to structural determinism.

answer

false

question

T/F. Post-structuralism focuses our attention on competing representations of history and rejects the idea of a "true" account of history written by the dominant power.

answer

true

question

The fundamental orientation of Constructivism is theorizing about

answer

a) The materialist impact on international relations b) Rational choice explanations of human behavior C! The normative and ideological impact on political actors d) The systemic constraints on state actions

question

What do post-positivist theorists mean when they say that "theory is always for someone and for some purpose"?

answer

a) All theories are objective guides for understanding reality B! All theories are rooted in assumptions conditioned by human perspective c) Theoretical assumption are based upon immutable laws of nature d) Theories transcend time and space in application

question

T/F. According to constructivist theory, the security dilemma is a socially constructed feature of international relations, not an inherent aspect of anarchy.

answer

true

question

Constructivists have criticized "rationalists/positivists" for being wrongheaded or misguided about

answer

a) Ontological issues b) Methodological questions c) Normative assumptions D! All of the above

question

T/F. Constructivists believe that positivist theory is a firm foundation upon which we can base our explanation of reality.

answer

false

question

The end of the Cold War, and the "failure" of rationalist/positivitist IR theory (Neorealism and Neoliberalism) to predict and explain a fundamental change in the international system, motivated Constructivists to question these theories' assumptions about

answer

a) Anarchy b) Agent-structure relations c) The influence of ideas on state behavior D! All of the above Only A and B

question

Post-structuralism embraces

answer

a) the Enlightenment's views of scientific progress b) The Behavioralists's "scientific method" c) Both A and B D! Neither A nor B

question

Constructivist theories of International Relations are:

answer

A! Post-structural approaches to theorizing about identity and interest b) Marxist concepts dealing with social relations and material forces c) Postmodern theories based on positivism d) Neoliberal responses to positivism

question

Post-Structuralism takes issue with neorealist conceptions of the state as the primary unit of analysis by questioning (problematizing) the

answer

A! Origins of the state b) The existence of the state as an actor c) The unequal distribution of power among states d) The liberal foundations of the modern state

question

Constructivists (like Wendt) believe that neorealism's assumptions about international anarchy are:

answer

a) A solid base for the study of IR b) Rooted in objective reality C! Socially constructed and subjective d) Based on systemically determined state interests

question

A major goal to Critical Theory is to

answer

a) establish a rational foundation for a theory of IR B! emancipate us from unjust social and economic structures c) expose the limits of Marxism as a theory d) promote a utopian world order

question

In the view of Critical Theorists, the sovereign state is

answer

a) taken for granted as the primary unit of analysis for IR b) an unquestioned social organization that enhances human rights C! one of the foremost modern forms of social exclusion d) an entity that breaks down barriers to universal justice

question

Critical Theory

answer

a) embraces the assumptions of human objectivity b) emphasizes the subjectivity of human inquiry c) rejects the notion of value-free social science d) All of the above E! Only B and C

question

For Critical Theorists, human observation and theory is subject to

answer

a) our ability of observe empirical evidence without bias b) our rational decision making abilities C! our inability to be completely independent of the world around us d) our independence from the world around us.

question

The current world order is assumed by Critical Theorists to be

answer

a) a historical given that legitimately exists B! not natural, necessary, or historically invariable c) a set structure that is historically persistent d) an inevitable globalized configuration of power

question

The built-in bias of Neorealism and Neoliberalism toward stability and maintaining the status quo is viewed by Critical Theorists as

answer

a) a good starting point for IR theory b) good assumptions for Critical Theorists to start with c) a bias that they share with Postmodern theorists D! typical of a problem solving/technical approach to IR Theory

question

T/F.Critical Theorists are not concerned with exposing ideological claims presented as objective theoretical explanations.

answer

False

question

Critical theorists reject as utopian concerns about

answer

a) universalizing certain moral and political principles b) reducing material inequality in the world c) respecting ethnic and cultural differences D! None of the above

question

On the Voluntarism-Determinism continuum, Critical Theorists fall on the

answer

A! Voluntarist extreme b) Determinist extreme c) balanced in the middle d) reject such a rationalist dichotomy

question

T/F. Phenomenology focuses on the interpretive understanding of human observation of the world around us.

answer

true

question

A major focus of Critical Theorists is

answer

a) empirical evidence B! interpretation of observation c) causal analysis d) rational choice

question

T/F. Marxist ambitions of not just offering an alternative interpretation of the world but seeking to change the world are central to Critical Theory.

answer

true

question

Our assumptions about the essence of things in general is

answer

a) a paradigm b) a thesis C! ontology d) epistemology

question

T/F. Self-reflection and probing the origins of knowledge are rejected by Critical Theorists in favor of rational accounts of International Relations

answer

false

question

"Theory is always for someone and for some purpose" highlights the

answer

a) objective foundations for International Relations theory B! need to critically scrutinize all theory's ideological foundations c) positivist foundations for Critical Theory d) None of the above

question

T/F. Mainstream structural theories of IR are embraced by some Feminist theories as adequate explanations of the human experience.

answer

false

question

T/F. From a feminist perspective, gender permeates social life, and has profound, but often unnoticed effects on international relations.

answer

true

question

Seeking to correct the misrepresentation or lack of representation of women in international relations is a hallmark of

answer

a) analytical feminism b) normative feminism C! empirical feminism

question

Normative feminism advocates

answer

a) universalizing liberal western feminist values of sexual equality b) using gender to mask other kinds of oppression in global politics C! embracing the argument that there is no particular feminist "high ground" but multiple perspectives on international relations d) pushing to make gender the "hegemonic" perspective on international relations

question

Liberal or empirical feminists seek to bring in a gendered perspective by

answer

a) accounting for women's participation in international relations b) identifying ways to overcome barriers to women's under representation c) including women in national security/high politics circles D! all of the above

question

The realist rational, unitary power-maximizing state perspective

answer

a) is a fundamental assumption for most feminist theories b) is only embraced by radical feminists C! marginalizes a gendered analysis d) embraces feminist perspectives on IR

question

From a feminist perspectives

answer

a) states are a primary security provider b) only the anarchic system threatens human security c) international organizations generally embrace feminist interests in equality D! states are just as likely to threaten human security as enhance it

question

Gender is a set of

answer

a) positivist assumptions about sexuality B! social and culturally constructed identities c) rational categories used by Feminist IR scholars d) None of the above

question

Empirical feminism has shown that a primary factor in reducing interstate violence is

answer

a) placing more women in national security leadership B! reducing domestic gender inequality c) increasing the numbers of women in diplomacy d) universalizing western human rights standards

question

T/F. Postmodern feminists, contrary to liberal and radical feminists, embrace the idea that women are a homogeneous group and embracing a uniform gendered perspective will undermine the "masculine" domination of IR.

answer

false

question

Attempting to use gender as a theoretical category to reveal the "gendered bias" of traditional International Relations theory is typical of

answer

A! analytical feminism b) normative feminism c) empirical feminism

question

The theoretical assumption that gender identities are natural or "human nature" (not socially constructed)

answer

a) reproduces the status quo in existing international power relations b) threatens the foundations of positivist international relations theory c) is rejected by feminist International Relations theory d) All of the above E! Only A and C

question

Feminist perspectives on international organizations argue that

answer

a) they only reflect concerns with international conflict B! these institutions reflect the norms and interests of hegemonic groups c) feminists have come to dominate considerations of human security in peacekeeping d) liberal international organizations embrace feminist perspectives

question

For feminists, social relations are a key unit of analysis for explaining

answer

A! unequal power relations b) equal if different relationships c) realist relations among states d) the systemic qualities of international relations

question

Some feminists (radical feminists) argue that

answer

a) affirmative action will not solve the problem of gender in IR b) accounting for women's important role in IR will solve the problem c) the basic class/patriarchy structures in society must be changed d) All of the above E! Only A and C

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