Theory of evolution: vocab worksheet 1 – Flashcards
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Alfred Wallace
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This British biologist, who explored wildlife in South America and Asia, independently conceived of a natural, observable way for life to change over time. He also worked closely with Darwin on the theory of natural selection.
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Analogous Structures
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These are structures which are similar in different organisms because they evolved in a similar environment, yet do not have a common ancestor.
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Charles Darwin
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British naturalist who is responsible for originating the theory of evolution.
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Genetic Drift
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In a population, the changes in allelic frequencies of a gene that are due to chance.
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Homologous Structures
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These are physical features shared by organisms with common ancestry; they may have the same structure, but different functions developmentally mature organisms.
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Adaptation
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H; This is an inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival.
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Adaptive Radiation
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L; This describes the evolution of many diverse species adapted to their specific habitats but having one common ancestor. This usually occurs when the original species is separated from each other completely such as geographical isolation. When this occurs the organisms adapt to different resources, leading to a new species.
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Directional Selection
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B; This is a type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype over the mean or opposite extreme.
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Disruptive Selection
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F; This is a type of natural section that selects against the average individual in population. The makeup of this type of population would show phenotypes of both extreme , but have very few individuals in the middle.
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Embryology
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G; This is the study of the early development of an organism, and it is quite often used to show similarities and differences between different organism in their early stages of development.
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Evolution
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D; This is a change in the genetic makeup of a population or species over time
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Fosssil
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K; This is the mineralized remains of plants or animals.
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Founder Effect
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C; This occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population. This small population size means that the colony may have reduced genetic variation from the original population and a non-random sample of the genes in the original population.
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Gene Pool
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E; This is the total number of genes of ever individual in an interbreeding population
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Genetic Variaion
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M; This is one result of gamete formation though meiosis and fertilization during sexual reproduction that promotes biodiversity within a species.
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Geographical Isolation
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N; This can occur when part of a population of a species becomes separated from the remainder, they may over time evolve different characteristics from the parent population.
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Geology
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I; This is the study of the solid matter that makes up the planet. It is an earth science.
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Index fossils
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J; These are plants or animals remains used to define and identify geological periods.
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Isolation
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A; A condition in which two populations of the same species, over time, can no longer breed with each other to produce live offspring.
