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Rome was

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Founded by the Etruscans

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The government of Rome

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Was originally a monarchy but later became a republic

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Early Roman legend and tales

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We're incorporated into Livy's historical accounts to teach moral values and virtues

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A central aspect of early Roman conquest was that all conquered peoples

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Had an interest in the success of Rome, since they could improve their status by demonstrating their loyalty to their conquerors

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Roman imperialism was characterized by

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Strategic fortification, road construction, and allied military support

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The chief executive officers of the Roman Republic who were responsible for leading the Roman army into battle and administering the government were the

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Consuls

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The defenders of the plebians were known as the

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Tribunes

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The Roman Senate

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Had 300 members who were chosen for life

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Which of the following is a true statement about the centuriate assembly?

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It has the responsibilities electing the chief magistrates and passing legislation

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Members of the aristocratic governing class in Rome were known as

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Patricians

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The plebians

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Were less privileged and often poorer than the patricians

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The "Struggle of the orders" in ancient Rome

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Became less confrontational when laws were passed permitting plebians to hold office

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The people who the greatest influence upon Republican Rome were the

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Greeks

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The First Punic War

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Was waged between Carthage and Rome over control of the island of Sicily

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The Second Punic War

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Won Spain for Rome and produced Roman control over the western Mediterranean

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The Third Punic War

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Resulted in Carthage being destroyed and it's territory becoming a Roman province

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The major stages of Roman imperial expansion before 100 B.C.E. included

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The involvement and seizures of the Hellenistic kingdoms on the eastern Mediterranean

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The Roman General who began a new system of military recruitment that made soldiers loyal to their general and not the Senate, was

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Marius

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Roman slaves

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Staged a number of massive rebellions, the largest led by Spartacus in 71 B.C.E.

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The Roman General who returned from Spain as a military hero in 71 B.C.E. Was

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Pompey

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Roman military commanders

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Were required to retire after two years of high command

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Julius Caesar

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Was assassinated by leading senators convinced his death would restore the republic

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Crassus as killed in battle, Caesar defeated Pompey and was later assassinated, Octavian defeated Antony, who committed suicide, and Octavian attained sole power and was named Augustus. As a result of the proceeding, the traditional Roman Republic

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Ended

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Octavian

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Established the praetorian guard to guard him and his successors

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A development during the period of Julio-Claudian rule was that emperors

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Acted more openly as real rulers than as "first citizens of the state"

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Under the reign of five good emperors

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The range of responsibilities that were affected by the polices of the emperors increased

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As time went on, the governing classes of the Empire

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Were made up of more and more provincial inhabitants

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As it prospered, the early Roman empire

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Saw the development of a large gap between rich and poor

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Roman literature

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Reached its high point in the age of Augustus

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Rome's greatest lyric poet was

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Catullus

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The greatest epic poet of the late Republic was

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Virgil

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In addition to the construction of massive buildings, the Romans also built

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Skyscrapers

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Roman jurist were able to provide a systematic framework for Roman law because

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they came to assume that natural law, or universal law, was based upon reason

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During the centuries of Roman history from public to empire the paterfamilias authority

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Decreased

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The gladiatorial games

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Were deemed vital by the government at it diverted the mass of the population from potentially dangerous political or riotous activities

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Traditional Roman religion

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Was based on the proper implementation of rituals by state priests

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Religious groups in the Roman empire included a

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Number of mystery religions which offered immortality as a result of the sacrificial death of a savior-God

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Which of the following were among the Jewish population of Judea

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Pharisees

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The basic message of Jesus of Nazareth was that

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People should love God and each other

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The reason why Jesus was denounced and crucified was that the

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Conservative religious leaders feared he threatened the traditional religion

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the key figure spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was

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Paul of Tarsus

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The "good news" concerning Jesus was contained in the written

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Gospels

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Roman antagonism toward Christianity was deepened by

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Christian rejection of Roman religious practices

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The success of Christianity is widely believed by historians to have been due to its

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Promise of salvation, its similarity, and its universality

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The first Christian emperor of the Roman empire was

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Constantine

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Under Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire

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Theodosius

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The zealots were

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Militant extremists who advocated the violent overthrow of Rome's rule

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Signs of Roman decline were manifested by

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A series of civil wars and barbarian invasions

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In comparison to Han China, in the Roman empire

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Merchants were more highly regarded

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A fundamental difference between the Roman empire in China Han empire was that the

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Essentials of the hand empire were replicated by later dynasties by the Roman empire disappeared except as an idea

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