"The Rise of Dictators and World War II" – Flashcards
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Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
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Benito Mussolini
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a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition
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fascism
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In Germany he led the fascist National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party), A dictator leading the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces.
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Adolf Hitler
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German political party joined by Adolf Hitler, emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war. When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party became the only legal party and an instrument of Hitler's absolute rule.
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Nazi Party
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What Hitler called himself, means "the Leader"
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der Fuhrer
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Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party (1879-1953) under him the gov't tried to control every aspect of life in the nation
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Joseph Stalin
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A region of Germany along the French border where Hitler moved his troops, but was supposed to remain free of German forced due to the Treaty of Versailles
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Rhineland
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After the alliance of Rome-Berlin Axis Germany, Italy, and their allies became known as this
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Axis
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British & French policies (ex. The Munich Agreement), practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war
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appeasement
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A new method of warfare introduced by the Germans, means "lighting war"
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blitzkrieg
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Britain's Royal Air Force, fought Germans
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RAF
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The German Air Force
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Luftwaffe
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Allowed the U.S. to lend or lease raw materials, equipment, and weapons to allied nations
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Lend-Lease Act
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An army general, leader of Japan
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Hideki Tojo
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The American naval base bombed by Japanese warplanes
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Pearl Harbor
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The 99th Fighter Squadron which consists of African-American pilots, all black unit of fighter pilots; trained in Tuskegee Alabama that won many awards for bravery and never lost a single pilot
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Tuskegee Airmen
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A German General who earned the nickname "Desert Fox."
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Erwin Rommel
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An American General who leaded a wave of allied troops that landed in Africa in November 1942
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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The day that the Allies invaded France during WWII, june 6,1944; under Dwight D. Eisenhower allied forces landed on the beach and was greatest naval invasion.
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D-Day
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The most decorated U.S. soldier of WWII; an American hero
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Audie Murphy
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German troops attacked allied forces in Ardennes region in Belgium and Luxembourg
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Battle of the Bulge
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Allies leaders met in the Soviet resort of Yalta; Attending it were the "Big Three" as they were called Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin; in it the made plans for the end of the war and the future od Europe
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Yalta Conference
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Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin - leaders of the allies
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"Big Three"
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Roosevelt's Vice President, that succeeded Roosevelt after he died; continued with the war efforts
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Harry S. Truman
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The day the allies declared as Victory in Europe Day; the war in Europe was finally over
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V-E Day
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The Nazis killed about 6 million Jewish people and also other ethnic groups such as Gypsies, Russians, and Poles; total of 11 million died
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Holocaust
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A policy in which Nazi leaders set out to murder every Jew under German rule
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"Final Solution"
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A U.S. General that lead the American and Filipino troops fighting the Japanese to a standstill for several months
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Douglas MacArthur
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Lieutenant colonel and head of the mision to bomb Tokyo; led 16 bombers in the attack against Japan
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James Doolittle
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1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific
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Battle of Midway
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strategy of Allies in World War II of capturing some Japanese-held islands to use to stage further attacks
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island hopping
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Navajo Indians used their language transmit important messages in the war to keep Japanese intelligence from breaking its codes; they accompanied troops into battle and helped them communicate safety
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Code Talkers
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A new Japanese weapon also known as a suicide pilot where Japanese soldiers would volunteer to fill their planes with explosives and crash into Allied warships
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kamikaze
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A top-secret program to build an atomic bomb, wet up by the united States; Led by American scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer, the project team worked for 3 years to construct the weapon
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Manhattan Project
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A B-29 bomber that dropped an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945
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Enola Gay
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The city that Enola Gay was dropped on; killed more than 70,000 people and basically leveled the city
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Hiroshima
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Since Japan wouldn't surrender the United States dropped a 2nd atomic bomb on this city on August 9th killing another 40,000; Japan finally surrendered on August 14th
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Nagasaki
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(WPB) guided the production in factories churning out material around the clock for the war
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War Production Board
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A gov't established system to divide scarce good among its citizens; under this families received a fixed amount of a certain item
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rationing
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Promoted by the country; an image of a strong women hard at work at an arms factory as a symbol of the new group of wage earners
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"Rosie the Riveter"
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An African-American labor leader; helped achieve equal rights rights in 1941 protesting for better jobs
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A. Philip Randolph
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A policy made to help the shortage of farm workers by hiring Mexicans to perform the needed labor
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bracero program
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An order signed by Roosevelt that allowed the removal of Japanese and Japanese Americans from the Pacific Coast due to the anti-Japanese hysteria
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Japanese American Internment
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Japanese Americans born in the U.S.; they made up 2/3s of the people interned
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Nisei
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a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe
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Marshall Plan
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Provided educational and economic help to veterans
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G.I. Bill of Rights
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Trials lasting nearly a year-long against Nazi leaders; upheld the idea that even in wartime people are responsible for their actions
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Nuremberg Trials
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A new peacekeeping body created in June 1945 where all 50 nations approved the charter; also know at the UN
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United Nations
