The Jungle Test

Fertilizer

Sausage

Family and drink

Personification

Simile

“fiend, red-eyed and cruel”

flashback

Jurgis felt obliged to speak to him, instead of cowering in the corner and in doing so he learned of the educated man and how they are alike.

Jurgis’s violent actions had direct consequences against his family’s chance for survival

Stanislovas

personification

help with the birth of Ona’s child

Jail

Jurgis’s stream of consciousness transcribed directly.

hyperbole

He walked away, ignoring his emotions.

simile

Master Fredrick

Hamilton

The comparisons of the different types of governments.

Humiliated

Work as a scab

bread

comrade

Jesus

antimetabole

wage slavery

A porter at a hotel

socialism

embarrassed

Chicago is the most socialist part of the nation

Measles

Alliteration/Dramatic Irony

Imagery

Disorderly conduct

Find where the paper boys sleep

Grandmother Majauszkiene

Simile

She only helps others for the money

Polysyndeton

an old friend from the union

Heaven

Immersing himself in the socialist party to a plunge in the water; and his life to a great stream.

Asyndeton

Personification

Resigned and anxious

He got sick from eating tubercular pork

The fertilizer plant

To show Jurgis’ developing hatred and sense of rebellion

longing yet hateful

Polysyndeton

Dismay and confused

Anaphora

Simile

Hypophora

To create a tone of desperation

A despicable or cowardly person

Epistrophe

Given 8 days off without pay

Helps get Jurgis a job

Caught in the mud and drowned in the street

Jurgis’s sophisticated dialogue is not consistent with his social status thus reflecting the inconsistent realism in the text.

no

polyptoton

He was eaten by rats

Metaphor

Personification, anaphora, alliteration

adamant advocacy

Take his new belief & apply it to his new job

“Appeal” was “propaganda”. (Line 30)

polypopton

“mass of brown stringy stuff”

Polysyndeton

Elzbieta

Litotes

show Jurgis’ fascination with him

Teta Elzbieta’s stepdaughter and Jurgis’s wife. A kind, lovely, and optimistic girl

Ona’s stepmother and the mother of six others. A resilient, strong-willed old woman, Sinclair uses her to represent the redemptive power of family, home, and tradition.

Ona’s cousin, who travels to America with the rest of the family because her employer in the old country is unkind to her. Capable of standing up for herself; because she first tries to fight back against the corrupt bosses, she represents a spirit of defiance among the immigrants that is slowly crushed.

Jurgis’s father, who travels to America with the rest of the family. A proud man, he is prevented by his old age from obtaining a job through normal means. He has to resort to the humiliation of paying a man a third of his wages in return for a job, whose unsanitary and unsafe working conditions destroy his health.

Ona and Jurgis’s son. He is a strong, sturdy little boy, but he drowns in the mud in the street while Jurgis is at work. The death of him signals the death of hope in Jurgis’s life.

The family’s Lithuanian neighbor when they move into their house. A concerned old woman, she has lived in Packingtown for many years and has seen one generation after another of immigrants ground into ruin by the merciless labor practices of the factories. She became a socialist before she even came to America.

One of Teta Elzbieta’s two crippled children, injured when a wagon ran over one of his legs when he was a toddler. He unwittingly helps the family when he meets a rich lady while foraging for food in the local dump.

One of Teta Elzbieta’s children, who is forced to care for the children and do household chores. When Jurgis is sent to prison, she has to go to work selling newspapers on the streets with her able-bodied brothers.

One of Teta Elzbieta’s children, a young boy of about fourteen. He shirks his responsibilities as a wage earner because he is terrified of frostbite. Jurgis often has to beat him to make him go to work.

Teta Elzbieta’s brother, who first encourages the family to travel to America. After months of poverty in Packingtown, he disappears, and the family never hears from him again. His absence deprives the family of a key wage earner and throws them into a greater financial crisis.

A polished, charismatic criminal whom Jurgis meets during his first prison term. He later introduces Jurgis to Chicago’s criminal underworld, where money comes easily to Jurgis for the first time in America.

The forelady in Ona’s factory. Cruel and bitter, she is the jilted mistress of one of the factory superintendents. She also runs a brothel and arranges to get jobs for some of the prostitutes who work for her. She hates Ona because Ona is a “decent married girl,” and she and her toadies try to make Ona as miserable as possible.

The proprietor of a small Chicago hotel and a well-known proponent of socialism. Jurgis obtains a job as Hinds’s porter not long after his conversion to socialism.

A Polish immigrant who speaks Lithuanian. After Jurgis hears a rousing speech at a socialist political meeting, he is assigned the task of teaching Jurgis about socialism.

A spokesperson for socialism. He gives a long explanation of socialist philosophy to a magazine editor who has written against socialism in the past. He functions as a mouthpiece for Sinclair’s own political philosophy.

A corrupt, wealthy democrat in Chicago who owns the festering dump in which Juozapas and other children forage for food. He makes money off the housing scheme to which Jurgis’s family falls victim. He works at rigging elections, and Jurgis becomes one of his henchmen during his brief stint in the Chicago criminal underworld.

The failing proprietor of a delicatessen in Packingtown who knows Jonas from the old country. A kind but troubled man, he represents the harsh reality of capitalism and reveals the naïveté of Jurgis’s dreams of success.