The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Guided Reading Test – Flashcards
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When was Henrietta Lacks born?
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August 1, 1920
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How long did Henrietta wait between first telling her girlfriends that "something didn't feel right" and going to the doctor?
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More than a year
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What did Henrietta's first doctor assume the source of the lump on her cervix was?
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a sore from syphilis
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Where was Henrietta born?
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Roanoke, VA
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What did Howard Jones note about Henrietta's lump?
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It bled at slightest touch It was unlike any he had seen Hers was shiny & purple like Jello
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Why did David Lacks take Henrietta to the public wards at Johns Hopkins instead of a closer hospital?
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It was the only major hospital for miles that treated black patients.
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What does Howard Jones' findings about Henrietta's medical records suggest about her cancer?
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It had grown at a terrifying rate
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What did Howard Jones find "interesting" about Henrietta's medical history?
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She had a term baby and 6-week check-up at the hospital but there was no mention of any abnormality of the cervix.
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Why did Henrietta end up being raised by her grandfather?
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Her father took her there after her mother died in childbirth
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What was Henrietta Lacks' birth name?
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Loretta Pleasant
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How was Day related to Henrietta?
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Husband and first cousin
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How old was Henrietta when she had her first child with Day?
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14
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How are different types of cancer cells categorized?
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based on the type of cells they start from
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What stage of cancer was Henrietta's when she received her biopsy results?
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1
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Cervical carcinomas are either invasive or noninvasive. T or F
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T
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Cervical cancer cells normally grow from erythrocyte cells. T or F
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F
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Who developed the Pap Smear?
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George Papanicolauo
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Dr. Telinde believed carcinoma in situ was an early stage of invasive carcinoma. T or F
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T
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The pap smear allows for detection of precancerous cells. T or F
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T
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The pap smear did not improve the survival rate of women diagnosed with cancer. T or F
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F
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How did doctors justify using patients in public hospital wards as medical research subjects without obtaining their consent or offering them financial compensation?
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To compensate for being treated for free
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What percentage of women initially diagnosed with carcinoma in situ later developed invasive carcinoma?
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62%
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An immortal cell line is capable of all of the following:
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Will never die Continuously dividing to originate from one cell To constantly replenish
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Who discovered radium and its ability to kill cancer cells?
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Marie and Pierre Curie
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How was invasive carcinoma treated?
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Radium
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All of the following are effects of radium:
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Can burn skin off of body in high doses Causes mutations that lead to cancer Destroys any cells it encounters
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What was the biggest problem faint cell cultures?
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it was hard to find the correct medium to grow the cells on
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Where did the name HeLa come from?
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Mary labeled all sample tubes with the first two letters of the patient's first and last name
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The HeLa cells Mary cultured all died. T or F
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F
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Henrietta's doctor failed to tell her that the cancer treatments would leave her infertile. T or F
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T
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What STD did Henrietta contract while receiving radiation treatments?
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Acute gonorrhea
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How did Henrietta tell Margaret and Sadie she was feeling towards the end of her radiation treatments?
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like the blackness was spreading inside of her
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What does Pattillo tell Skloot about Elsie Lacks?
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She had epilepsy She died at age 15
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What advice did Pattillo give Skloot about dealing with Deborah?
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Dont be clinical Do be compassionate Don't talk down to her Dont be aggressive
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The first time Rebecca spoke with Day he told her to let his old lady cells talk to her and leave him alone. T or F
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T
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Gey sent Henrietta's cells to all of the following places:
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Texas, Amsterdam, India
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What did HeLa cells allow scientists to do for the first time?
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perform experiments that would have been impossible with a living human
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What is a basic rule about biology with regards to cells?
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a normal cell can only divide a finite number of times before dying
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All of the following are true of Henrietta's decline according to Sadie:
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You could see she was sick in her eyes Her looks didnt fade Her body didnt fade
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A second sample of cells taken from Henrietta survived in culture just like the first despite her body being contaminated with toxins normally removed in urine. T or F
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F
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According to Laure Aurealian, George Gey never actually met Henrietta Lacks. T or F
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F
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Where does Skloot realize she needs to go after watching the BBC documentary and HeLa?
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To visit Henrietta's Cousins in Clover
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What was Clover's population in 1998?
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198
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How was Cootie related to Henrietta?
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first cousin
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What was Cootie's real name?
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Hector Henry
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What does Cootie think about the reason the HeLa cells were used to develop a polio vaccine?
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He had polio and Henrietta wanted to take care of him when she was alive, but couldnt
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Cootie thinks Henrietta's cancer could have come from all of the following:
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Man-made Spirit-made Voodoo
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When did Henrietta Lacks die?
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October 4, 1951
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When did George Gey die?
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November 8, 1970
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As Henrietta's cancer progressed, tumors could be found every where except her
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brain
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Why did doctors stop giving Henrietta blood transfusions?
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she had to make up her deficit at the blood bank
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What was Henrietta's final request?
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make sure her children were taken care of
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How did Bobette respond to Deborah's pregnancy?
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she cried
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What crime did Joe commit?
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murder
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How did prison change Joe?
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He became muslim and less angry
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Deborah did all of the following to Cheetah because he was abusive EXCEPT
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kill him
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According to Henrietta's cousin Cliff, what is "beautiful" about the idea of "slaveowning" white Lackses being buried under their black kin?
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They're spending eternity in the same place
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Who were the common ancestors of the White and Black Lackses?
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Albert & Benjamin Lacks
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Who was Lillian
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Henrietta's youngest sister
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What did Lillian "convert" to?
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Puerto Rican
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Why did Henrietta's doctors need to ask for permission from her family to remove tissue sample after death?
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It was illegal to do so without consent on a corpse
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What made Day change his mind and allow the autopsy to occur?
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Doctor's told him it would possibly help his children
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What did Mary, Gey's assistant realize when she saw Henrietta's painted toenails?
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she was a real person
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All of the following happened when the family started to bury Henrietta's body:
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The metal roof from the barn flew across the grave The sky turned black Her cousin was thrown from his house and killed when it fell on him
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What was the official cause of Henrietta's death?
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uremia
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What did Cootie say as Henrietta's body passed by
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Sweet Jesus, let the poor woman rest. She's had enough
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What was Chester Southam concerned that HeLa cells might do?
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infect the people working with them
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All of the following were used as test subjects for Southam's:
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People with cancer Prisoners People with leukemia
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What is informed consent?
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full disclosure of facts regarding procedures
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According to State Attorney General Louis Lefkowitz, what do people have an "inalienable" right to?
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determine what shall be done with his or her own body
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The term "informed consent" first appeared in court documents in 1989. T or F
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F
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In outer space, HeLa cells grew more powerful and divided faster. T or F
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T
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The American Type Culture Collection was created to create pure, uncontaminated cell cultures. T or F
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T
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Somatic cell fusion happens when one cell eats and digest another one. T or F
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F
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Scientist fused human and animal cells to study what genes do and how they work. T or F
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T
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Stanley Gartler discovered there was no contamination of HeLa cells in any of the 18 most commonly used cell cultures. T or F
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F
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Henry Harris and John Watkins discovered internal signals that regulated genes of cells in 1965 by using cell fusion. T or F
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T
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How old was Lawrence when Henrietta died?
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16
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Which of Henrietta's Children did Ethel beat the most
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Joe
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Neutralization test is used to determine a vaccine's efficacy by mixing blood serum from newly vaccinated children's w/live polio virus and cells in culture. T or F
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T
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The Tuskegee institute became involved in the mass production of HeLa cells to use in the syphilis study. T or F
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F
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Viruses reproduce by injecting bits of there genetic material int a living cell and reprogramming that cell to produce the virus. T or F
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T
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HeLa cells were useful for the study of viruses because they reproduced slow enough to watch the process in real time. T or F
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F
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George Gey was diagnosed with liver cancer. T or F
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F
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George Gey's cancer cells were cultured to become the GeGe cell line. T or F
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F
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Sonny Lacks believed his mother's cells will be used to help other's because she was always and taking care of others when she was alive. T or F
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T
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The Lackses trusted the doctor's at Johns Hopkins. T or F
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F
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Howard Jones realized that Henrietta Lacks had been misdiagnosed on her type of cancer when he reviewed her medical records. T or F
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T
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Henrietta Lacks' name became public knowledge after her family sued Johns Hopkins for taking her cells without them knowing. T or F
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F
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It was first and incorrectly reported that the HeLa cell line came from Helen Lane and the cells were cultured after she had died. T or F
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T
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Johns Hopkins built his hospital to serve the poor, but never intended for blacks and other minorities to receive free services. T or F
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F
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How did Bobette find out about HeLa?
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From Gardenia's brother-in-law
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Why did researchers want DNA samples from Henrietta's family?
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To test for Genetic markers to positively identify HeLa cells
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Why did the Lacks family think the doctors were taking their blood?
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to test for the cancer gene
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What motivated Michael Rogers to find the Lacks family?
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He thought the contamination problem would make a good story
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How did Rogers discover Henrietta's real name?
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From Walter Nelson-Rees
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All of the following facts about George Gey's life support the assertion that he never personally profited from the development of HeLa:
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He turned down a request to create and run the first commercial cellculture lab. He lived in a modest home he purchased from a friend for $1 down payment and fixed it up throughout the years.
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The lawsuit that set a legal precedent for patenting biological "products" such as cell lines was
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The case of Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty
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Why did Ted Slavin start Essential Biologicals?
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To allow people with valuable blood to profit from the research done
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All of the following is true of the Supreme Court of California's decision regarding the Moore lawsuit:
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Tissues left in a doctor's office or lab is abandoned as waste. Researchers should disclose financial interest in patient tissues though no law requires it.
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Why did Zakariyya decide to participate in research studies at Johns Hopkins?
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To get a place to stay and money
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Explain how HPV causes cervical cancer.
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HPV inserts its DNA into DNA of host cell, where it produces proteins that cause cancer.
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Explain the Hayflick limit.
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The Hayflick Limit was named after Leonard Hayflick and it is the number of times a normal cell can divide.
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Explain the contribution that HeLa has made to research on the HIV virus and the AIDS epidemic.
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HeLa cells allowed scientists to determine what was needed for HIV to infect a cell.
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What motivated Pattilo to organize the HeLa Cancer Control Syposium?
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He was a postdoctoral in Gey's lab, who felt connected to her. He wanted to honor her.
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How did Deborah discover the truth about Keenan Kester Cofield?
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Kidwell told her about Cofield being a con-man
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Why wasn't Skloot excited about meeting Zakariyya?
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Because she had heard that he was the angriest of the family.
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What does Zakariyya believe about his birth?
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He believed it had been a miracle
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What does Zakariyya blame on Henrietta's cancer cells?
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He credits her cancer cells for his anger and fighting.
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How did Skloot finance the research for her book?
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Student loans and credit cards
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What important misunderstanding about HeLa does Lengauer clarify for Deborah?
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All along she thought those were just her mother's cells, but they were also mixed with cancer cells.
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Why do you think Deborah tells Skloot that she "just witnessed a miracle?"
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Because Zakiriyya's attitude was different from what it usually was. He was usually angry, but this time he showed signs of gratitude.
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Why did Deborah and Skloot travel to Crownsville?
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To see if they could get Elsie's medical records
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Why were the hospital records from the 1950s and earlier disposed of?
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Because of an asbestos problem
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What causes the confrontation between Deborah and Skloot?
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Skloot smiles, causing Deborah to question her loyalty. Deborah then confronts her and asks who she is secretly working for.
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What reason does Deborah give for not wanting Skloot to type out Henrietta's records word-for-word?
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Because she only wants the family to have the exact records, so she only wants Skloot to copy ONLY what is necessary for the book.
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How are Gladys and Gary related to Deborah?
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Gladys is Deborah's aunt and Gary is Deborah's cousin.
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After witnessing the amount o physical and emotional anguish that Deborah is in, Gary begins to preach and lay hands on Deborah. a. What burdens does he ask to be lifted from Deborah? b. Where does he ask the burden to be placed?
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a. He was referring to the burden of the cells b.
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Why was Deborah unable to attend the National Foundation for Cancer Research's Henrietta Lacks conference in New York?
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because the roads were blocked due to the 9/11 attack.
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What string of events in 2009 suggest that if Skloot had not begun researching Henrietta's story a decade earlier, it may have been lost forever?
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Deborah's death. Sonny had explained to Skloot that Deborah had "a heart attack just after Mother's Day". Deborah was the most important relative because she helped uncover what happened to Henrietta.
