The Emergence of Europe in the Early Middle Ages – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Germanic people
answer
Begun to move into the lands of the Roman Empire
question
German kings set up new states
answer
Happened as the imperial authority vanished
question
Ostrogoths, Visigoths, and Angles and Saxons
answer
Germanic kingdoms resulting from the fusion of Romans and Germans
question
Italy
answer
Location of the Ostrogoths
question
Ostrogoths
answer
Had separate systems of rule for Romans and managed to preserve the Roman tradition of government
question
King Theodoric
answer
Ostrogothic king who kept the entire structure of imperial Roman government
question
Spain
answer
Location of the Visigoths
question
Visigoths
answer
Roman population was largely excluded from power as a Germanic warrior caste dominated the native population and was allowed to maintain Roman institutions; maintained much of the Roman structure of government
question
King Odoacer
answer
King of the Visigoths
question
Britain
answer
Location of Angles and Saxons
question
Angles and Saxons
answer
Germanic tribes from Denmark and northern Germany; carved out small kingdoms throughout the island including Kent in southeast England
question
Kingdom of the Franks
answer
One of the most prominent Germanic states
question
Clovis
answer
Established the Kingdom of Franks; member of the Merovingian dynasty; was a Catholic Christian which made him gain support
question
Arian
answer
A sect of Christianity that believed Jesus was human and not truly God
question
Roman Catholic Church
answer
Believed Jesus was was human but of the "same substance" as God and therefore also truly God
question
From Pyrenees in the west to German lands in the East
answer
Frankish kingdom's territory
question
Neustria, Austrasia, and the former kingdom of Burgundy
answer
Three major areas after the Frankish Kingdom was divided
question
Neustria
answer
Located in northern Gaul
question
Austrasia
answer
Consisted of the ancient Frankish lands on both sides of the Rhine
question
German family structure
answer
Men- dominant and made important decisions Women- obeyed her father until she married and then fell under the legal domination of her husband, legal status reflected the material conditions of their lives, life expectancies of 30-40 years
question
Germanic law
answer
Was personal and the family of the injured party took revenge on the family of the wrongdoer
question
Wergeld
answer
Fine paid by the wrongdoer to the family of the person injured depending on the value of a person in monetary terms/social status
question
Ordeal
answer
Determining guilt or innocence based on divine intervention
question
Christianity
answer
Predominant religion of the Roman Empire
question
Christian Church
answer
Developed a system of government
question
Bishop
answer
Headed the diocese/Christian community/bishoprics
question
Archbishop
answer
Headed all the diocese in a province
question
Rome, Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Antioch
answer
4 great cities where bishops held positions of great power in church affairs
question
Bishop of Rome
answer
Claimed that he was the sole leader of the Western Christian Church because he was Peter's descendant
question
Pope
answer
From the word papa meaning father; bishop of Rome
question
Monk
answer
(Meaning "one who lives alone") Man who sought to live a life divorced from the world cut off from ordinary human society in order to pursue total dedication to God; were social workers, provided schools for the young, hospitality for travelers, and hospitals for the sick; passed the legacy of the ancient world
question
Benedictine monastery
answer
New from of monasticism based on living together in a community by Saint Benedict; communal life; had a vow of poverty and held independent lands
question
Benedict's rules
answer
Divided each day into a series of activities with primary emphasis on prayer and manual labor; Physical activity was required because idleness was "the enemy of the soul"; prayer was the proper "work of God" including private meditation and reading
question
Abbot
answer
Father of each Benedictine monastery who had complete authority over his fellow monks
question
Nuns
answer
Female equivalent of monks
question
Monasteries
answer
Centers of learning where monks worked to spread Christianity to all of Europe
question
Abbesses
answer
Head of the convent/monastery for nuns; many came from aristocratic families; responsible for making learning an important part of the monastery
question
Convent
answer
Monastery for nuns
question
Saint Hilda
answer
Founded the monastery of Whitby
question
Mayors of the Palace
answer
Aka chief officer's of the king's household; assumed more control of the kingdom when kings gradually lost their power
question
Pepin
answer
One of the mayors; assumed the kingship of the Frankish state for himself and his family; his son came to the throne when he died
question
Charles the Great or Charlemagne
answer
Aka Carolus Magnus; dynamic and powerful ruler; patron of learning though unable to read and write; expanded the territory he had inherited and created the Carolingian Empire
question
Carolingian Empire
answer
Charlemagne's empire that covered much of western and Central Europe
question
Charlemagne's administration
answer
Depended on the use of counts as the king's chief representatives in local areas
question
Missi dominici
answer
Aka messengers of the lord king; two men who were sent out to local districts to endure that the counts were executing the king's wishes
question
Emperor of the Romans
answer
Charlemagne's new title; imperial coronation that demonstrated strength; fusion of Roman, Christian, and Germanic elements
question
North Sea to Italy and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Danube River
answer
Extent of the territory of the Carolingian Empire
question
Charles' death
answer
Caused the Carolingian Empire to disintegrate
question
Western Frankish lands, eastern lands, and a Middle Kingdom
answer
3 divisions of the Carolingian Empire among Charles' grandsons after he died
question
Western Frankish lands
answer
Formed the core of the eventual kingdom of France
question
Eastern Islands
answer
Eventually became Germany
question
Middle Kingdom
answer
Extended from the North Sea to the Mediterranean; source of incessant struggle between the other 2 Frankish rulers and their heirs
question
Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings
answer
Wave of invasions on Western Europe
question
Muslims
answer
Attacked the southern coasts of Europe and sent raiding parties into southern France
question
Magyars
answer
People from Western Asia; moved into Central Europe and settled on the plains of Hungary; converted to Christianity and established the kingdom of Hungary
question
Battle of Lechfeld
answer
Battle that crushed the Magyars
question
Vikings
answer
Aka Northmen or Norsemen of Scandinavia; sacked villages and small towns, destroyed churches, and easily defeated small local armies; eventually began to build winter settlements in Europe
question
Dragon ships
answer
Aka Viking ships; long and narrow with beautifully carved arched prows that carried about 50 men
question
Ireland
answer
Where groups from Norway settled
question
Danes
answer
Occupied northeastern England
question
Seine River
answer
A ruler gave the Vikings land near here and it became a territory known as Normandy
question
Vassal
answer
Subordinate of a lord who received land for his service, loyalty, and fighting skills; responsible for aids or financial payments to the lord on some occasions
question
Feudalism
answer
Social organization of the contract sworn between a lord and his vassal
question
Powerful noble
answer
Aka lord who took control of the land due to the breakdown of royal governments; gave land to their vassals for them to fight for them; protected his vassal
question
Horsemen
answer
Used larger horses along with the stirrup; wore armor in the form of coats of mail
question
Knight
answer
Heavily armored cavalry; greatest social prestige & backbone of the European aristocracy
question
Wealth
answer
Based on land
question
Fief
answer
Grant of land made to a vassal; piece of land held from the lord by a vassal in return for military service
question
Fief-holding
answer
Became complicated with the development of subinfeudation; characterized by a set of practices that determined the relationship between the lord and his vassal
question
Subinfeudation
answer
Vassals of a lord may also have vassals
question
Manor
answer
Agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked by peasants; located on fiefs given to a vassal
question
Serf
answer
Peasants who were bound to the land and required to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lord's jurisdiction; could not leave without permission nor marry from another manor
question
Demesne
answer
Land retained by the lord
question
Constantine
answer
moved the seat of power from Italy to Constantinople
question
vandals
answer
destroyed and defaced most of Rome's infrastructures
question
clotilda
answer
Clovis' wife who was the reason he converted
question
by the sword and cross
answer
2 ways Charlemagne unified most of europe
question
carloman
answer
charlemagne's brother who died and caused him to inherit all from pepin
question
Lombards
answer
people against the Roman Catholic Church
question
pope Leo III
answer
crowned Charlemagne
