Most Americans find it difficult to accept that classical music is at risk.
Despite some people underestimating its significance, the truth remains that modern musical technology and financial constraints are among the reasons for the decreasing attendance at orchestra concerts. However, there are also internal issues within classical music that need to be resolved.
Symphony orchestras globally are in a state of crisis due to the absence of fresh and inventive compositions in the classical music industry. The contemporary repertoire predominantly depends on pieces from the Romantic and Classical eras, particularly those produced between 1790 and 1900. This period marked the arrival of renowned composers like Ludwig van Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Richard Wagner, Johannes Brahms, among others. Thus, the survival of classical music is at risk.
To grasp the literature of current crises, one should have kn
...owledge of the classical music system during the time when much of the repertoire was created. Composers essentially composed music for a living, meaning their income relied on their music output. Consequently, many composers have an extensive list of compositions. For an accomplished composer, their output typically numbers in the hundreds across various forms such as symphonies, operas, songs, masses, and chamber music. A celebrated Romantic composer, Robert Schumann, provides a vivid example of this trend as he produced well over 300 songs during his lifetime. Another factor contributing to this musical surplus exists as well.
Composers created music for a restricted number of shows, typically around ten, due to the continuously changing demands of new material and the public's preference for variety. As live entertainment was their sole option, individuals were unwilling to hear the same piece performed numerous times an
had no other choice to select an alternative option, rather than attending yet another rendition of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony at the concert hall.
Classical music has been impacted by technology in both positive and negative manners. Although it represents progress, some modern advancements have had noteworthy repercussions for the genre. The simplicity of recording and playback brought about by compact discs and cassettes has been particularly impactful. Furthermore, the internet enables music to be shared easily through purchasing CDs or freely, making favorite pieces accessible without restrictions. This results in decreased revenue for orchestras due to reduced incentive to attend live performances.
Classical music lovers now have the luxury of enjoying symphonies and orchestral music at home thanks to the compact disc (CD) and other playback devices. This has led to a decline in attendance at symphony concerts, but for those who appreciate this genre, being present in a symphony hall among like-minded individuals adds a unique atmosphere that cannot be replicated elsewhere. However, the ease of playing a CD and instantly indulging in the music through home speakers outweighs this advantage.
There is a noticeable difference in quality between a live concert and a CD recording. A recorded work allows an orchestra to attempt as many times as necessary to produce the best possible outcome. However, mistakes can occur during live performances, which could detract from the overall concert experience. Many people find it more reasonable to purchase a CD for $15 and listen to a nearly flawless rendition of a piece instead of attending a symphony, where they may hear a different interpretation than what they are accustomed to. One controversial use of the Internet is
file sharing, particularly MP3 music files.
Users can utilize music sharing applications such as the infamous Napster, along with Morpheus and Kazaa, to easily obtain desired songs and download them directly onto their computer without cost. However, while recipients benefit from free music, record companies and artists receive no compensation for their efforts. Consequently, not only are individuals no longer attending live concerts but they are also failing to purchase music. As a result, orchestras are facing a dual financial challenge. Despite these technological pressures, symphony orchestras can still recover financially and remain viable with limited impact.
The greatest threat to symphonies lies in the following topic. Generally speaking, the number of season ticket subscriptions purchased for orchestras has declined. Consumers are hesitant to commit themselves to attending concerts and performances that they must plan out months or even a year in advance, as it may conflict with other events that might arise later and prevent them from attending. Additionally, donations from supporters, a major financial resource for orchestras, are not as substantial as they used to be. Due to the economic slowdown and the uncertain finances of many Americans, funds for donations are not readily available. These factors have caused orchestras to become extremely worried about their future, as their uncertain income and empty seats are a cause for concern.
The financial challenges facing classical music are just one aspect of a larger crisis. Internal factors, including the contributions of classical musicians, critics, music directors and listeners themselves, are proving to be even more dangerous. Despite some new works being written, the standard repertoire has remained relatively unchanged for around a century. This stagnation puts
classical music at risk of becoming irrelevant to younger audiences who are not attracted to traditional performances. The typical audience for symphony performances is aging and unless classical music can appeal to a new generation, it may face a stalemate in its future growth. As Michael Walsh points out, while there have been some minor changes beyond Bach and early Stravinsky, the core remains largely static. Even the first program performed by the New York Philharmonic over 150 years ago could still be played today without appearing old-fashioned or unusual.
In essence, classical music is facing a crisis where the list of commonly played pieces has remained unchanged for over 100 years since they were first composed. This would be considered ridiculous if it happened in any other genre of music or aspect of life.
For classical music to remain vibrant, it must continually introduce new works. However, the selection of music performed by musical groups is typically overseen by a board of directors rather than the music directors. This can create a problem because the board of directors is often swayed by public opinion and may not be supportive of introducing new pieces into classical music.
The central matter revolves around concert attendees, who also serve as listeners. They demand the regular rendition of popular compositions such as Beethoven's Fifth, Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture, or Ravel's Bolero to secure season tickets for the orchestra. In addition, conductors feel obligated to uphold continuity in the music each year. This diverges from previous times when conductors wielded significant influence over all aspects of musical output.
Traditionally, a conductor's musical beliefs influenced the tempo, style, and shape of the music
performed. However, modern audiences prefer consistency in musical performances and are less accepting of personal variations. This can lead to stagnation in the music industry. Additionally, orchestras face challenges beyond selecting appropriate music.
According to the National Endowment for the Arts, the age range with the highest attendance at classical music performances is those born between 1936-45 and the lowest attendance is in the oldest and youngest age groups. This suggests that most concert-goers are retired. If younger audiences do not start participating in large numbers to make up for the loss of older attendees, orchestras will be left searching for customers. This puts classical music, an ancient and highly regarded form of musical art, in jeopardy. Concert halls are no longer filled to capacity every weekend, leaving orchestras struggling with low attendance and financial burdens.
The variety of music being performed is decreasing, and the public views new and exotic music with disdain and prohibits it. However, there is reason for optimism. Similar to how minimalistic and impressionistic art are gradually gaining acceptance in galleries and parks, perhaps classical music will follow suit. If this happens, we can hope to preserve classical music as a vibrant cultural tradition instead of reducing it to a collection of CDs.
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