Graphic Images and Verbal Communication
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why are graphic images considered important compared to verbal communication
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verbal communication there is no record of the exchange of ideas or thoughts people can misunderstand or forget the message
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any material in which printing can be done
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substrate
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a quote lists the -------- and ----------for production of printed goods and services
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prices and quantities
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line art is a type of drawing consisting of continuous tones
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false
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most common way of generating copy for printing
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computer
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halftone
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to convert an image into tiny dots for printing
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not a process color used in printing a full color photo
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green
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flexography
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relief printing process that uses flexible plates for printing
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gravure
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most common used type of intaglio printing that uses line work and photos
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screen printing
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most used of the porous printing and can print on various surfaces
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impactless printing
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printing that does not require direct contact between the image carrier and the substrate
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the printing process used most extensively in the commercial printing segment of the graphic communications industry
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lithography
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what type of printing is ink jet printing
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impactless printing
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three steps that considered part of the binding process
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folding, scoring, and gathering
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what subdivision of commercial printing specializes in rapidly completing short run printing and photocopying work
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quick printing
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what process is usually used in book production
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web fed offset lithography
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what is the purpose of work space safety and health program
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recognize, evaluate, and control potential hazards in the workplace
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machine guarding protects the operator from hazards posed by what 3 types of machine action
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reciprocating, rotating, and shearing actions
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which dangerous condition exists where two cylinders meet or come close to eachother
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nip point
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how should you dress when operating machinery in the graphic communications facility
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dont wear watches, rings, ties, bracelets, scarves or loose clothing and pull long hair back
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how can you help maintain a straight back when lifting a heavy object
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keep your head up and look straight ahead
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what are inks, blanket wash, fountain solutions and plate cleaners examples of
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organic solvents
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how should you dispose of ink and solvent soaked rags
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place them in an approved safety can keeping the lid closed
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a dBA reading of ------- is the max allowable limit for an eith hour day without ear protection
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90 dBA
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eronomics
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the science of fitting the job to the worker
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standard solvent-based washes can contain up to 100% vocs while vegetable ester washes contain-----% vocs
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12-30%
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two most commonly used system of measurement
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us conventional system and metric system
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standard units for length and mass in the SI metric system
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grams and meter
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5 common metric prefixes
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mega, kilo, hecto, centi, milli, micro
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incorrect metric notation
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0.39 km
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one inch
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25.4 milimeters
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12 meters
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13.123 yards
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10 quarts
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9.463 liters
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12 mm
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.405 fluid oz
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400 lbs
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181.436 kilograms
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25 meters/second
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82.020 feet/second
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68 f
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20 c
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a point measures approximately ----- of an inch
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0.01383
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the pica is approximately ---- of an inch
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0.166
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what are two devices commonly used to measure the point size of type
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line guage and e guage
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the amount of veritcal space between lines of type is called
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leading
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a ream of paper consists of ---- sheets
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500
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four common grades of paper
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bond, book, b-series, c-series
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the three ISO series for paper and envelopes and the uses for each
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weight, in pounds, of a ream of paper cut it to its basic size
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four components of desktop publishing system
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computer, printer, scanner, and publishing software
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image resolution is measure in----or------
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dots per inch or pixels
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screen size below 75 lines are considered ----- while sizes above 133 lines are considered-----
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coarse, fine
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a screen angle of ----- degrees is normally used for the color black when making color seperations
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45 degrees
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why must each color seperation screen angle be set differently
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to prevent a moire pattern
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a 10% screen tint would result in ----- ink deposited than a 20% tint
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the image would be very light
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a ------ is used to measure the density or darkness of an image
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densitometer
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what are characters
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individual visual symbols in a particular typeface
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the art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces is called
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typography
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body height
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the distance from top to bottom of the lowercase letters, not including the ascenders and descenders
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an acender extends--- and a descender----- the x-height letters
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above and below
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what is the base line
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imaginary line drawn along bottom of body height letters. descenders go below
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the finishing off stroke at the top or bottom of a character is called a
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serif
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who is credited with designing and cutting the first roman typefaces
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Nicolas Jenson
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which designer first developed a typeface with letters designed solely for printing
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John Bakersville
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roman
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serif typefaces
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sans serif
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formed with strokes of equal weight and having finishing off strokes
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black letter
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resembles calligraphy and used for printed materials relating to special occasions
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script and cursive
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the letters in script are joined and the letters in cursive are not
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novelty or decorative
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novelty is used for a wide variety of types whose primary intent is to command special attention
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italic
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slanted version of a the upright letter and is often treated as a separate classification
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other the use of serifs what is the major difference between roman and sans serif typefaces
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sans serif has a monotone appearance
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the ---- type style is based on the handwritten lettering of german scribes
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black letter
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a typeface ----- consists of the variation of one style of type
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typeface family
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a type----consists of the letters figures and punctuation marks that are of one size and style
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font
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the point size of a typeface is the as its x-height
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false
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which is the larger unit of measure the em or the en
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em
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changing the distance between words in the line of a copy is called
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wordspacing
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----refers to changing the distance between some letters of word to improve the appearance of a type
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kerning
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three physical factors that affect legibility
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definition, line length, leading
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definition
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sharpness or distinction of the printed image
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line length
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distance from the left to the right sides of a line or body of copy
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leading
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distance separating each line of copy
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when the line spacing dimension is equal to the size of the typeface, the typeface is said to be
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set solid
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on a type specification what does 10/12 mean
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the specifications of typeface point size is normally written before the line spacing, typeface point size is 10 and the line spacing is 2.
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3 major functions of a computer system
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focal point job of creation. assembly of text. assembly of images
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a computer processes that stores information using the -----system: a series of 1s and 0s.
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binary system
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function of computer software
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computer programs that iniate and accomplish various computer based tasks
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cross platform device
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describes applications formats or devices that work on multiple computer operating system platforms.
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3 different storage devices
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hard drive, cd and dvd drives, flash memory cards
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WYSIWYG
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a monitor display method used by word processing and page layout programs that use color management software to produce a cmyk representation of the printed output
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color management software
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electronic prepress tool that provides a way to correlate the color rendering capabilities of input devices, color monitors and output devices to produce predictable consistent color.
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raster image processor
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device that interprets all of the page layout information for the marketing engine of the output device
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page description language and common pdls
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file format that describes a pages larger document in a manner the output device can understand: adobe, postscript, etc.
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vector images
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images that defined in terms of mathematical parameter which gives the artist or designer control over shape placement line width and pattern
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bitmapped images
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graphic files that contain a map of pixels each of which is assigned characteristics such as color, brightness to make up the images
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two software techniques for diminishing jaggies
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antialiasing and smoothing
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vector graphic image that is defined mathematically by two endpoints and two or more additional point that control its shape
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bezier curve
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not a common feature of the computer screen display for a page composition program
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scanner port
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five tool icons commonly found on the tool paletter of page compostiton programs
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item tool, content tool, rotation tool, zoom tool, text box tool
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a resusable ---- contains all the master pages and other formatting attributes that make up a multiple page document
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template
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what is the purpose of a style sheet
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formatting tool that combines a number of attributes such as type size, alignment and other characteristics
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lossless compression
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data compression process in which no data is lost
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lossy compression
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data compression techniques in which some data is lost
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copy or art that is checked before going to print
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proof
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proofreaders marks
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widely used symbols that single out and explain when something in typeset copy is to be taken out added or changed
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preflighting
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orderly review of files to identify items that could cause problems at the output of prepress stage
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production proofs
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soft, laser, inkjet
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soft proof
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electronic files that represent what th final printed page will look like
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laser proof
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printed onto paper using electronic files
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inkjet proof
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produced by a printing process that generates four color proofs directly from the digital files
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advantages to using a pdf file
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contain all of the necessary info such as the fonts, graphics, images, text and document layout. allows in corporation of an extended job ticket. is an ideal preflighting tool. and can access many different types of files.
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a --- press prints on one continuous roll of paper pulled from a roll
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web fed press
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what the five basic systems of a lithographic press
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feeding, printing, dampening, inking, and delivery
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two devices that used in the feeding system to separate paper and feed sheets on at a time to a sheet fed press.
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feeding system and sheet separators
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a --- is a control device that prevents more than sheet of paper from entering the press
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double sheet detector
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a register unit is a mechanism that aligns paper for printing
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TRUE
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tow types of splicer units typically used on a web fed press
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zero speed and flying
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how does a web break detector work
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shuts down the press if the web snaps or tears
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three cylinders that make up the printing system of a typical litographic press
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plate cylinder, blanket, and impression cylinder
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the vertical space that lies between the surface of the plate cylinder bearers and the cylinder body is
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undercut
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the impression cylinder applies the pressure needed to transfer the image form the blanket cylinder to the substrate
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true
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true statement about a common press cylinder
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one large impression cylinder is central to the printing system, the cylinder is surrounded by a group of printing units, each printing unit prints a separate color on the web as it travels between the blanket cylinders and the common impression cylinder
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name the two most common types of dampening systems used on a press
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conventional and continuous
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a ---- is a cloth tube that fits over the body of a dampening roller to help it retain fountain solution
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molleton cover
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acceptable ph value for a fountain solution
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4.5
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three finishing units commonly used by the delivery system of a web fed press
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dryer, chiller, and folder
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what does the term finishing mean to a printer
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a general term that applies to many types of operations carried out during or following printing.
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what term refers to making three sides of a book even and square
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trimming
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shear stick
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gives a new surface under the cutting edge and produces a sharp clean cut when rotated periodically
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why should a folding operator tie back long hair and secure loose clothing
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the rotating parts of folding machinery could grasp hair or loose clothing and pull it into the machine
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a ---- lifts heavy stacks of paper off the cutter table for easy movement.
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air jet bed
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how does a buckle folder work
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uses roller action to buckle fold paper, sheet travels on belts or rollers to two more rollers that carry the sheet to the fold plate as the sheet is forced against the fold plate it buckles and another combination of rollers folds the sheet and carries it to ta delivery station
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----is similar to cutting but it can be done by a set of wheels as the sheet passes through the folder
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perforating
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perfect binding
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uses adhesive to hold sheets together and to fasten the felxible cloth or paper cover onto the body
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edition binding
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rigid cover is attached to a book body that is held together by sewing
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pamphlet binding
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sheets are folded gathered and stitched by saddle wire through the center or saddle of the folded sheets
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---- is a general term associated with the assembling of signatures
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gathering
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why are collating marks used
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to check the accuracy of the signature gathering sequence
