Programming Languages Flashcards, test questions and answers

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What is Programming Languages?

Programming languages have been around since the invention of computers and are essential to their operation. They are the basis of all software development, allowing developers to create powerful and complex applications. Programming languages have evolved over time, becoming more complex and specialized while also becoming easier to use.There are many different types of programming languages available, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The most popular types include object-oriented programming languages (OOPLs), procedural programming languages (PPLs), scripting languages, functional programming languages (FPLs) and domain-specific languages (DSLs). In addition, there are various hybrid programming language paradigms such as logic programming which is a combination of PPLs and FPLs. Object-oriented Programming Languages (OOPL) are designed to enable programmers to abstract away from more specific details when developing software applications by grouping objects into classes that can be re-used in multiple projects. OOPLs provide for a higher level of abstraction, enabling developers to create a wide range of applications faster than using other language paradigms. Examples include Java, C++, Python and Ruby on Rails. Procedural Programming Languages (PPL) focus on procedures or steps that need to be followed in order for an application or system to execute properly. They are often used in systems that require low-level access or control over memory management because they provide direct access to hardware registers as well as system resources like network sockets or file handles which cannot be done using higher level abstractions like OOPLs can provide. Examples include Pascal, Fortran and assembly language such as x86 Assembly Language or PowerPC Assembly Language. Scripting Languages differ from traditional compiled programs because they do not need compiling before execution but instead use an interpreter at runtime which means they don’t suffer from the same speed issues associated with compiled programs but usually require more code rewriting when making changes compared with compiled programs due their lack of data types being predefined within the language itself. Examples include JavaScript , PHP , Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript) , Perl , Tcl / Tk. Functional Programming Languages(FPL ) focus on functions rather than objects like OOPL does. Functions take arguments as input , process it , then return some form of output based upon those inputs without modifying any global state variables which make them ideal for distributed processing tasks.