Test #6 – Microbiology – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| Edward Jenner |
Discovered that cowpox could protect people from smallpox |
| Francesco Redi |
First to disprove the concept of spontaneous generation using jars of meat |
| Ignaz Semmelweis |
1. First to recommend that doctors wash their hands to prevent spread of infection |
| Robert Elrich |
Found the first agent that could be used to treat infection |
1. Koch’s postulates are a set of 4 criteria that must be satisfied in proving that a disease is caused by a particular microorganism. Which of the following is not one of the criteria? |
The microorganism must be transmitted from a diseased person to an animal or another person. |
1 What is the major disadvantage of observing a wet mount under a microscope? |
There is a poor contrast between the cells and the background. |
| Bright field microscope |
cells appear dark against a bright background. |
| Fluorescent microscope |
uses ultraviolet light rather than visible light. |
| Phase-contrast microscope |
different parts of the cell refract light as different angles, enabling the internal structure to be seen. |
With what gram stain what color are gram-positive bacteria? |
Blue Red – gram (-)
|
| Cell wall |
maintains osmotic pressure inside the bacteria cell. |
| Glycocalyx |
| protects bacteria from phagocytosis by white blood cells. |
| Pilus |
functions in attachment to host tissue. |
| Plasmid |
a small molecule of DNA. |
| What cell arrangement is characterized by Staphylococcus |
Clusters |
Lipid A and O-oligosaccharide (O antigen) are components of: |
Lipopolysaccharide |
1. What happens when bacterial flagella rotate in a counterclockwise direction? |
The flagella work independently of another causing erratic movement. |
Which of the following is not true? |
Spores are produced during the log phase of bacterial growth. |
Which type of solution will cause a cell to loose water and shrivel? |
Hypertonic |
| Facilitated diffusion |
| does not require energy, but uses a transport protein |
| Group translocation |
| modifies as it is transported across the membrane. |
| Passive diffusion |
requires neither energy nor a transport protein |
| Halophiles |
| bacteria that grow best in salty environments such as seawater. |
| Psychrophiles |
| bacteria that grow best at cold temperatures. |
| Electron transport |
H ions are released out of the cell and re-enter through ATP synthase. |
| Glycolysis |
| glucose is metabolized to pyruvic acid. |
| Kreb’s (TCA) cycle |
Acetyl CoA is metabolized to CO2. |
| Kreb’s (TCA) cycle |
this path is NOT completed in the absence of Oxygen. |
What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration? |
Inorganic compound |
What is ATP? |
Source of energy in a cell |
1. What are the 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that were discussed in class? |
u Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear envelope u Prokaryotic do not have cytoplasmic organelles. u Prokaryotic cells have 705 ribosomes; while eukaryotic cells have 80 ribosomes. |
| Draw the bacteria growth curve and indicate the 4 phases of growth |
1- Lag phase 2- Log phase 3- Stationary phase 4- Death phase |
Why are obligate anaerobes unable to grow in presence of oxygen? |
They do not have superoxide dismutase that neutralizes oxygen radicals. |
Which of the following can be sterilized in dry heat? |
Metals and glassware |
| Alcohols |
kill bacteria by denaturing proteins |
