Test #2c – Medical Terminology – Flashcards
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Orthopedic
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The branch of medicine that focuses on diseases of the skeletal and muscular systems
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Ortho
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Orthopedics
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Orthopedist
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A physician who specializes in orthopedics
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Arthralgia
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Joint pain
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Ataxia
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The inability to coordinate muscles during a voluntary activity or movement
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Atrophy
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Lacking development or wasting
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Bradykinesia
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Abnormally slow movements
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Decalcification
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An abnormal reduction of calcium in bone
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Dyskinesia
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Difficulty in movement
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Dystrophy
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A deformity that arises during development
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Hypertrophy
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Excessive muscle growth
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Myalgia
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Muscle pain
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Tenodynia
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Pain in a tendon
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Achondroplasia
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Literally "without cartilage formation"; causes dwarfism
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Ankylosis
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Abnormal condition of joint stiffness
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Arthritis
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Inflammation and degeneration of a joint
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Osteoarthritis (OA)
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A common condition for older adults in which the joint structures become worn over time and gradually replaced by bone
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
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An autoimmune disease in which joint structures become eroded by the action of the body's own white blood cells
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Arthrochondritis
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Inflammation of articular cartilage within synovial joints
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Bunion
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Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe
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Bursitis
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Inflammation of a bursa
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Bursolith
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A calcium deposit or stone within a bursa
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
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A repetitive stress injury of the wrist
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Carpoptosis
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Weakness of the wrist that results in difficulty supporting the hand
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Cramps
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Prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions
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Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)
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A progressive disease of the joints in which the cartilage degenerates
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
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A condition that causes skeletal muscle degeneration with progressive muscle weakness and deterioration
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Epicondylitis
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Inflammation of bony elevations (epicondyles) near the elbow joint
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Fibromyalgia
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A disease of unknown origin that produces widespread pain of musculoskeletal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk (but not joints)
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Fracture
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Clinical term for a break in the bone
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Gout
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Caused by an abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints; usually affects the big toe joints
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Herniated Disk
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A rupture of an intervertebral disk
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Kyphosis
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A spine deformity with a posterior curve of the spine
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Lordosis
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A spine deformity with an anterior curve of the spine
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Scoliosis
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Abnormal lateral curve of the spine
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Marphan's Syndrome
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Congenital disease that results in excessive cartilage formation at the growth, or epiphyseal, plates
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Meniscitis
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Inflammation of a meniscus
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Myasthenia Gravis
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Literally "serious muscle weakness"; a condition caused by a progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve stimulation
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Myeloma
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A tumor that forms in the red bone marrow
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Myocele
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Protrusion of muscle through its fascia
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Myositis
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Inflammation of a muscle
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Osteitis
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Inflammation of bone tissue
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Osteitis Deformans
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A disease that results in bone deformities due to acceleration of bone loss; Paget's disease
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Osteosarcoma
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Bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta
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An inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones
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Osteomalacia
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A gradual and painful softening of bones
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Osteomyelitis
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Inflammation of the red bone marrow
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Osteoporosis
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Abnormal loss of bone density
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Paraplegia
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A condition of paralysis of the lower body, including both legs
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Quadriplegia
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A condition of paralysis from the neck down including all four limbs
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Polymyositis
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Inflammation of many muscles simultaneously
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Rickets
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A disease in which the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions
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Rotator Cuff Injury
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A trauma that causes tearing of tendons and/or muscles of the shoulder
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Spinal Cord Injury
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Trauma to the vertebral column
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Spondylarthritis
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Inflammation of intervertebral joints
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Sprain
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A tear of collagen fibers within a ligament
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Strain
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An injury that results from stretching a muscle beyond its normal range
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Temporomandibular Joint Disease
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Inflammation of the temporomandibular joint that results in frequent, painful dislocations
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Tendonitis
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Inflammation of a tendon
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Tenosynovitis
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Form of tendonitis that also involves inflammation of the synovial membrane
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Arthrocentesis
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A procedure in which excess fluids are aspirated through a surgical puncture in the joint
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Arthroclasia
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Procedure in which an abnormally stiff joint is broken during surgery to increase range of motion
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Arthrodesis
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Surgical fixation (stabilization) of a joint
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Arthrogram
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An X-ray image of a joint that is printed on a film
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Arthrolysis
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A therapy in which a joint is loosened of its restrictions
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Arthroplasty
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Surgical repair of a joint
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Arthroscopy
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An endoscopic visual examination of a joint cavity
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Arthroscopic Surgery
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A surgery that involves a visual examination of a joint cavity and integrates fiber optics, live action photography, and computer enhancement
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Arthrotomy
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Surgical incision into a joint
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Bursectomy
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A surgery involving the removal of a bursa from a joint
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Chiropractic
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The field of therapy that is centered on manipulation of bones and joints, most commonly the vertebral column
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Chiropractor
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A practitioner of the field of therapy centered on manipulation of bones and joints, most commonly the vertebral column
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Chondrectomy
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Surgical removal, or excision, of the cartilage associated with a joint
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Chondroplasty
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Surgical repair of cartilage
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Costectomy
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A surgery involving the removal of a rib
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Cranioplasty
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A surgery that involves repair of one or more bones of the cranium
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Craniotomy
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A surgical incision through the cranium to provide access to the brain
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Diskectomy
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A surgery that involves the removal of the intervertebral disk
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Spondylosyndesis
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A surgical procedure in which the adjacent vertebrae are fused together following the removal of the disk
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Laminectomy
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Surgical removal of the lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord
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Spinal Fusion
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A surgical procedure in which the adjacent vertebrae are fused together following the removal of the disk; also called spondylosyndesis
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Electromyography
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A procedure that provides electrical stimulation of a muscle and records and analyzes the contractions
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Fasciotomy
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A surgical incision into the fascia, the connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle
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Reduction
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A procedure in which orthopedic surgeons, or orthopedists, treat fractures by aligning the broken bones to their normal positions; types include closed and open
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Internal Fixation
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The use of internal wires, screws, or pins applied directly to bone segments to keep them in place.
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External Fixation
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A procedure done during fracture reduction in which metal rods and pins are attached from outside the skin surface to stabilize the alignment
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Bone Grafting
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A procedure that stimulates the healing process of a fracture
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Electrical Bone Stimulation
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A procedure that applies electricity to stimulate the healing process of a fracture
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Myoplasty
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Surgical repair of a muscle
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Myorrhaphy
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A surgical procedure that sutures the torn ends of a muscle
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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
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The most common pharmacological treatment for inflammation or pain
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Orthotics
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The field of medical support involving the construction and fitting of orthopedic appliances
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Orthotist
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A medical practitioner who specializes in orthotics
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Prosthesis
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An artificial limb
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Ostectomy
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Surgical removal (excision) of bone tissue
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Osteoclasis
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A surgical procedure that involves breaking a bone in order to correct a defect or an improperly healed fracture
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Osteopathy
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A medical field that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and overall health with an emphasis on body alignment and nutrition
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Osteopath (DO)
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A physician trained in osteopathy; also called an osteopathic surgeon
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Osteoplasty
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The surgical repair of bone
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Podiatry
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Health care specialty that focuses on foot health
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Podiatrist
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A healthcare professional trained in the field of foot health
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Tenomyoplasty
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A surgical procedure involving the repair of both muscle and tendon
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Tenorrhaphy
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A surgery that sutures a tear in a tendon
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Tenotomy
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A procedure in which one or more incisions are made into a tendon
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Vertebroplasty
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A surgical procedure that repairs damaged or diseased vertebrae
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Colle's Fracture
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A break in the distal part of the radius
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Comminuted Fracture
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A break resulting in fragmentation of the bone
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Compression Fracture
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A crushed break, often due to weight or pressure applied to a bone during a fall
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Displaced Fracture
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A break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces
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Epiphyseal Fracture
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A break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone
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Greenstick Fracture
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A slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an X-ray
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Nondisplaced Fracture
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A break in which the broken bones retain their alignment
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Pott's Fracture
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A break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg
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Spiral Fracture
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A spiral-shaped break often caused by twisting stresses along a long bone
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Aspiration
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A procedure that removes fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction
