Test 1 questions – Flashcards
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How did southern Democrats appeal to white small farmers in the early 1870s? a) They convinced poor whites that they paid taxes for blacks. Incorrect Response b) They promised to raise taxes on blacks and on rich whites. c) They gave them the confiscated property of Confederate leaders. d) They promised to enlarge the government budget to help their plight.
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A: They convinced poor whites that they paid taxes for blacks.
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What was the result of President Johnson's plan to unite white opponents against the Fourteenth Amendment for the election of 1866? a) The Republicans won a resounding victory. b) Northern whites turned against Reconstruction. c) The National Union party won all northern states. d) The Democratic party made unlikely gains.
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A: The Republicans won a resounding victory.
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What was the real result of the Fifteenth Amendment? a) It made the United States the first nation with universal adult suffrage. b) It was undermined by literacy and property qualifications in southern states. c) It effectively restructured political power in the South until 1920. d) It immediately allowed women to vote in national elections.
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B:It was undermined by literacy and property qualifications in southern states.
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Why did many slaves flee the biracial Methodist church soon after emancipation? a) They disagreed with its theological teachings. b) The Methodist Church rejected the newly freed blacks. c) They associated Christianity with slavery and therefore abandoned it. d) They wanted religious autonomy.
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D: They wanted religious autonomy.
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How did the Fourteenth Amendment deal with voting rights? a) It gave Congress the right to reduce an intransigent state's representation. b) It granted the vote to adult black males in all states. c) It explicitly granted all black adults the right to vote. d) It phased in voting rights for blacks over a five-year period.
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A: It gave Congress the right to reduce an intransigent state's representation.
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How influential were African American politicians during the period southern whites derisively called "Negro domination"? a) African Americans held no elected office during Reconstruction. b) Only states with black majorities elected blacks to office. c) Blacks held a majority in over half the state legislatures for a short time. d) Only six percent of southerners in Congress during Reconstruction were black.
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D: Only six percent of southerners in Congress during Reconstruction were black.
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How did passage of the Fifteenth Amendment shape future Republican policy? a) The Republican party turned to land redistribution as its new central issue. b) It encouraged Republicans to take on southern labor policies. c) It allowed Republicans to ignore black rights in the future. d) It ensured that the Republicans would become a primarily southern political party.
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C: It allowed Republicans to ignore black rights in the future.
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What was the significance of pardons granted to rebel soldiers under the terms of Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction? a) The pardons permitted the rebels to return home with limited currency. b) The pardons restored property (except slaves) to rebel soldiers. c) The pardons forgave debts incurred during the war. d) The pardons kept ex-Confederate leaders from returning to political power.
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B: The pardons restored property (except slaves) to rebel soldiers.
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What was the result of Republican campaigns for public education in the South during the Reconstruction period?a) Very few blacks had the opportunity to attend school. b) Literacy rates rose sharply across the South. c) Southern schools had the same funding as northern schools. Incorrect Response d) The South desegregated its public schools.
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B: Literacy rates rose sharply across the South.
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In Lincoln's plan for reconstruction, what did a Confederate state need to do to qualify for readmission into the Union? a) The state legislature had to guarantee the right to vote to all former slaves. b) High-ranking Confederate officials had to renounce their allegiance to the government in Richmond. c) Fifty percent of the voting population needed to pledge allegiance to the United States before forming a new government. d) Ten percent of the voting population needed to take an oath of allegiance before forming a new government.
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D: Ten percent of the voting population needed to take an oath of allegiance before forming a new government.
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What was the outcome of the Dawes Allotment Act of 1887? a) Prohibition of white settlement in Oklahoma b) Restoration of much of the land in the Southwest to Native Americans c) Expansion of the area covered by the reservation system to include all Native Americans d) Division of reservations and allotment of individual plots of land to Native Americans
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D: Division of reservations and allotment of individual plots of land to Native Americans
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What was the easiest way to get rich in the American silver mining industry? a) Sifting through brackish sand in search of precious metals b) Laboring in a large mining company for a period of years c) Working regularly in a variety of different mines d) Selling claims to land or forming mining companies and selling stock
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D: Selling claims to land or forming mining companies and selling stock
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What was the outcome of the transformation of agriculture to big business in the South and West during the post-Civil War era? a) The widespread use of machinery halved the size of the agricultural labor force b) An increasing number of laborers worked land they would never own c) The total number of farms fell by more than half d) Agricultural yields fell dramatically overall
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B: An increasing number of laborers worked land they would never own
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Which statement describes the U.S. government's Indian policy during the middle of the nineteenth century? a) The government pushed Indians off their lands and into reservations. b) The government cleared Indian land for white settlement but lived up to most of the promises it made to the Indians. c) The government attempted to prevent white settlers from taking more Indian land. d) The government was more willing than ever to grant Indians the rights enjoyed by whites.
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A: The government pushed Indians off their lands and into reservations.
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Which of the following explains why the U.S. army gunned down unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota in 1890? a) Troops had been ordered to wipe out all Native Americans in the area. b) It was rumored that the Indians were waiting to ambush the troops. c) American soldiers feared an uprising provoked by a militant interpretation of the Ghost Dance religion. d) The Sioux had refused to sign a new treaty that relinquished land surrounding the Creek.
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C: American soldiers feared an uprising provoked by a militant interpretation of the Ghost Dance religion.
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How did the landscape of the trans-Mississippi West change between 1870 and 1900? a) Family farms gave way to commercial farming. b) Mining made it the country's largest industrial region. c) The region proved to be a haven for family farming. d) It was populated predominantly by former slaves.
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A: Family farms gave way to commercial farming.
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What was the outcome of the second Treaty of Fort Laramie? a) The treaty convinced Sioux chiefs, including Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, to accept reservation lands. b) The treaty was violated by the U.S. government after gold was discovered in the Black Hills. c) The treaty led to the extinction of the Sioux Indians. d) The Sioux and Cheyenne agreed to the completion of the Bozeman Trail.
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B: The treaty was violated by the U.S. government after gold was discovered in the Black Hills.
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What did the Homestead Act of 1862 promise to potential migrants to the West? a) 160 acres to any southerner who promised to defect from the Confederacy and move West b) 160 acres free to any citizen or prospective citizen who settled on land west of the Mississippi River for five years c) Free agricultural implements and enough money to live for one year to all citizens willing to cultivate land west of the Mississippi River d) 160 acres to any citizen or prospective citizen at a guaranteed price of $2 an acre
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B: 160 acres free to any citizen or prospective citizen who settled on land west of the Mississippi River for five years
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Which of the following describes the changes experienced by the Californios between 1850 and 1880? a) Their percentage of the state's population fell by more than 60 percent. b) They solidified their claim to historic land. c) Their numbers increased from 19 percent to 82 percent of the state's total population. d) They began their steady assimilation into American life.
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A: Their percentage of the state's population fell by more than 60 percent.
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What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? a) To limit the number of Chinese immigrants to America for a period of three years Incorrect Response b) To reduce anti-Asian prejudice in California and other areas of the West c) To decrease the Chinese population of the American West d) To respond to Chinese laborers' demands for higher wages and better working conditions
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C: To decrease the Chinese population of the American West
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The industries that grew up around the revolutionary inventions of Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Alva Edison demonstrated that a) large corporations were particularly committed to helping people in their everyday lives. b) the federal government had a tight rein on industrial development at the time. c) technological know-how was vital for controlling large corporations. Correct Answer d) the age of the inventor was becoming the age of the corporation.
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D: the age of the inventor was becoming the age of the corporation.
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What did the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act have in common? a) Both testified to the nation's growing willingness to use federal measures to intervene in big business on behalf of the public interest. b) Both testified to big business's concern about government abuses in chartering and licensing corporations. c) Both were compromises supported by big business to distract the public from corporate abuses. d) Both had an immediate and significant impact on the conduct of business in the United States.
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A:Both testified to the nation's growing willingness to use federal measures to intervene in big business on behalf of the public interest.
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What was the main purpose of crude oil in the United States before the advent of the automobile? a) Lubrication and lighting in the form of kerosene b) Use as an additive to make paint adhere better to plaster surfaces c) Use as a food additive to retard spoilage d) Use as a cleaning fluid for printing and typesetting equipment
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A: Lubrication and lighting in the form of kerosene
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Where did the South's iron and steel industry develop? a) Memphis, Tennessee b) Birmingham, Alabama c) Durham, North Carolina d) Atlanta, Georgia
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B: Birmingham, Alabama
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The turn of the twentieth century saw individual entrepreneurship in the United States yield to a) joint stock investment. b) industrial capitalism. c) limited partnerships. d) finance capitalism.
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D: finance capitalism.
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Which relatively new building material both improved railroading in the late nineteenth century and depended on it? a) Iron extracted from steel b) Steel produced through the Bessemer process c) Salt-treated railroad ties, which provided a substantial base for train tracks d) Aluminum produced by a process pioneered in France
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B: Steel produced through the Bessemer process
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The Supreme Court's decision in Wabash v. Illinois (1886), which reversed its ruling in Munn v. Illinois (1877), a) created a new alliance between the court and members of the Grange. b) increased states' regulation of the railroads. c) led to passage of the first federal law regulating the railroad industry. d) led to an outpouring of criticism of the court by the railroad industry.
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C: led to passage of the first federal law regulating the railroad industry.
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How did American women respond to the denial of their right to vote in the late nineteenth century? a) They conceded that politics was a man's game and confined themselves to domestic concerns. b) They decided to take up a major role in the behind-the-scenes work of presidential politics. c) They turned inward and refused to engage in the political process. d) They participated in the political process though the antilynching, suffrage, and temperance movements.
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D: They participated in the political process though the antilynching, suffrage, and temperance movements.
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Which of the following factors explains the high voter turnout in national elections during the last three decades of the nineteenth century? a) Presidential candidates were incredibly charismatic. b) Voters believed that failure to participate in politics had greatly contributed to the Civil War. c) Most Americans were very knowledgeable about the issues of the day. d) Voting was an important way to get a government job.
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D: Voting was an important way to get a government job.
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To what did the term solid South refer in the decades after Reconstruction? a) Four southern states that voted as a bloc over the next decade b) The states of the old Confederacy, which continued to lobby for the reinstitution of slavery c) The states of the old Confederacy, which voted Republican in every election for the next seventy years d) The states of the old Confederacy, which voted Democratic in every election for the next seventy years
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D: The states of the old Confederacy, which voted Democratic in every election for the next seventy years
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Morgan acquired the core of what would be the largest corporation in the world when he purchased a) railroads formerly controlled by Collis P. Huntington. b) meatpacking interests formerly controlled by the Armour and Swift companies. c) oil interests formerly controlled by John D. Rockefeller. d) steel interests formerly controlled by Andrew Carnegie.
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D: steel interests formerly controlled by Andrew Carnegie.
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The economic theory of laissez-faire gained political clout in the late nineteenth century because a) Republicans and Democrats in Congress could not agree on its tenets. b) businessmen bribed congressmen to stay out of their affairs in exchange for stock trading tips. c) the Supreme Court increasingly was reinterpreting the Constitution to the detriment of big business. d) the Supreme Court increasingly was reinterpreting the Constitution to protect business.
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D: the Supreme Court increasingly was reinterpreting the Constitution to protect business.
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Where had electricity been put to use in the United States by the late nineteenth century? a) Only in factories b) Only in government offices c) Mostly in rural areas d) Mostly in urban areas
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D: Mostly in urban areas
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When advocates of bimetallism referred to the crime of '73, they were talking about a) the financial panic that hit the United States in 1873. b) the decision by Congress in 1873 to stop buying and minting gold. c) the decision by Congress in 1873 to stop buying and minting silver. d) Ulysses S. Grant's return to the Oval Office for a second term.
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C: the decision by Congress in 1873 to stop buying and minting silver.
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What message did Andrew Carnegie promote in his gospel of wealth? a) Successful businessmen should be respected by the society at large. b) Millionaires should be trustees and agents for the poor. c) His own success was more due to luck than hard work. d) Poverty is more than likely caused by moral weakness.
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B: Millionaires should be trustees and agents for the poor.
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What was the purpose of vertical integration, which was pioneered by Andrew Carnegie in the late nineteenth century? a) It placed all aspects of the business, from mining raw materials to marketing and transporting finished products, under the control of the chief operating officer. b) It concentrated on one aspect of production to the exclusion of all others. c) It restructured the administrative hierarchy and, in the process, revolutionized managerial productivity. d) It focused on the systemic promotion of immigrants and African Americans who were working for Carnegie Steel.
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A: It placed all aspects of the business, from mining raw materials to marketing and transporting finished products, under the control of the chief operating officer.
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Which of the following was true of Standard Oil in the 1890s? a) It controlled more than 90 percent of the oil business. b) It was not as strong as it had been in the 1880s. c) It had cut its workforce to 50,000 people. d) It was broken up into a number of smaller companies by the federal government
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It controlled more than 90 percent of the oil business.
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Which of the following developments was a key factor in the rise of the Gilded Age? a) Massive government programs to help the poor b) The growth of industrialism in the United States c) Urban political reform d) The separation of business and politics
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B: The growth of industrialism in the United States
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Prominent business leader of the late nineteenth century J. P. Morgan believed that a) consolidation and central control were preferable to competition. b) he was making American business more democratic and competitive. c) he should make a huge amount of money and then give it all away before he died. d) his Christian faith led to his fabulous success in business and that he deserved that wealth.
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A: consolidation and central control were preferable to competition.
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Which of the following factors boosted nineteenth-century railroad construction in America significantly? a) The deterioration of the National Road b) Federal restrictions of rates and railroad company competition c) Monetary aid and land grants from federal and state governments d) The transportation demands of homesteaders
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C: Monetary aid and land grants from federal and state governments
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How did live-in servants change households in the North by 1870? a) They made domestic service an honorable occupation for native-born American women to pursue. b) They had become a fixture of almost three-quarters of all urban households. c) They freed working women from the obligation of keeping house after working outside the home all day. d) They enabled middle-class white women to explore opportunities outside the home.
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d) They enabled middle-class white women to explore opportunities outside the home.
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Which of the following developments changed the U.S. garment industry in the 1850s? a) Foreign countries began to manufacture most of the world's clothing. b) Independent tailors were replaced by sweatshop workers. c) The supply of cheap labor dried up. d) Women became the dominant force in its labor unions.
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b) Independent tailors were replaced by sweatshop workers.
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Samuel Gompers, the founder of the American Federation of Labor, a) envisioned a union that would include skilled and unskilled workers. b) fought for higher pay and better working conditions for skilled labor. c) absolutely opposed strikes as a strategy for change. d) worked primarily to elect politicians who were sympathetic to labor.
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b) fought for higher pay and better working conditions for skilled labor.
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After 1880, most new immigrants to America originated from a) Southern Europe almost exclusively. b) Western Europe almost exclusively. c) Eastern and Southern Europe. d) Northern and Western Europe.
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c) Eastern and Southern Europe.
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Working-class courtship rituals in urban, industrial America in the late nineteenth century a) changed in that women met prospective husbands only through their families. b) remained remarkably similar to those of preindustrial America. c) favored working-class women who no longer had to rely on men to pay for their entertainment. d) consisted of informal meetings at dance halls and other commercial settings.
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consisted of informal meetings at dance halls and other commercial settings.
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How did the percentage of children under age fifteen working in the paid labor force in the United States change during the years leading up to World War I? a) It dropped to virtually nothing owing to strict enforcement of child labor laws. b) It gradually decreased until it fell below 5 percent of the population. c) It remained much the same as it had been in 1870. d) It increased decade by decade.
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d) It increased decade by decade.
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Southern blacks migrated to northern cities in the 1890s a) for economic opportunities and safety. b) to join the Socialist Democratic party. c) for religious reasons. d) to avoid conflict with migrant Mexican farmworkers.
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a) for economic opportunities and safety.
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Where did married black women typically work to supplement their family income in the late nineteenth century United States? a) At home by taking in boarders b) Outside the home as typists c) Outside the home as domestics d) At home as pieceworkers
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c) Outside the home as domestics
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What development led to the emergence of the modern skyscraper in the 1890s? a) The decline of corporate power b) The advent of cast iron c) The advent of structural steel d) The invention of the elevator
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c) The advent of structural steel
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Employers sought to limit the control of skilled workers on the shop floor in the late nineteenth century a) by replacing people with machines. b) through hiring factory foremen to supervise every aspect of production. c) through the use of violence and intimidation. d) by forbidding shop-floor workers from talking during the workday.
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a) by replacing people with machines.
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What late-nineteenth-century development did New York City's Brooklyn Bridge symbolize? a) America's frontier spirit b) The rapid decline of immigration to the United States c) The ascendancy of urban America d) A developing labor shortage
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c) The ascendancy of urban America
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Which statement describes the Haymarket affair of 1886? a) It involved railroad workers who wanted higher wages. b) It began as a rally of laborers organized by radicals. c) It took place in Boston on the Fourth of July. d) It made the Knights of Labor more powerful than ever.
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b) It began as a rally of laborers organized by radicals.
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What was the "Chicago school" of the late nineteenth century? a) An assembly of scholars and reformers who sought to address the city's urban decay b) A coalition of mob bosses and thugs who ruled the city's politics after the Great Fire c) A skilled group of architects who made commercial architecture a new art form d) A group of painters who embraced the fin de siècle impressionists in Europe
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c) A skilled group of architects who made commercial architecture a new art form
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Throughout much of the nineteenth century, middle-class American women were confined by a cultural ideology that dictated that they a) extend their sphere of influence to include charity work. b) integrate workplace and home as much as possible. c) work outside the home to make ends meet. d) exist within the private sphere of the household.
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d) exist within the private sphere of the household.
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What was the Knights of Labor? a) The only union to exclude blacks and women b) A group focused exclusively on native-born skilled workers c) The first mass organization for American workers d) A staunch ally of the American Federation of Labor
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c) The first mass organization for American workers
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In the post-Civil War United States, a "city boss" was a) an especially effective mayor who oversaw a large city as it industrialized. b) a professional politician who provided public works and social services for new residents. c) a city councilor who had served at least three consecutive terms. d) a corrupt politician who served primarily to benefit himself and his family.
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b) a professional politician who provided public works and social services for new residents.
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New York City's Central Park was planned to provide a) a concentration of plant matter to ensure sufficient oxygen production. b) a delivery route for businesses on the streets lining the park. c) a natural oasis away from the busyness of the city. d) a series of playing fields for professional athletes.
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c) a natural oasis away from the busyness of the city.
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Working as a skilled craftsman in America in the late nineteenth century a) did not ensure financial security. b) required a secondary education. Incorrect Response c) meant guaranteed wages and year-round work. d) was not much different from being a common laborer.
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a) did not ensure financial security.
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By 1900, the population in New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia had each grown to exceed a) 1 million. b) 100,000. c) 2 million. d) 500,000.
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a) 1 million.
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What was the main lesson learned by workers from the Great Railroad Strike of 1877? a) Strikes were not an effective way to gain the attention of authorities. b) They lacked power individually but might gain it through a union. c) Workers would never be able to fight large corporations. d) Higher wages could be obtained through persistent and concerted action.
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b) They lacked power individually but might gain it through a union.
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After his six-month jail sentence for his part in the Pullman strike, union leader Eugene Debs believed that a) unions must work within the existing government structure. b) workers must take control and establish a socialist state. c) the Republican party offered the best solutions for American workers' problems. d) unions were absolutely necessary to protect workers' interests.
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b) workers must take control and establish a socialist state.
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Which one of the United States allowed women to vote in 1890? a) Wyoming b) Florida c) South Carolina d) Massachusetts
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a) Wyoming
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After Frances Willard assumed the presidency of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1879, the organization's focus gradually changed to include a) alcoholism as a sin and poverty as the result of drink. b) the use of education and persuasion in an effort to ban the sale of alcohol. c) social action, labor conditions, and women's voting rights. d) prayer and missionary work to draw women back into church membership.
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social action, labor conditions, and women's voting rights.
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What decision made by Henry Clay Frick led to the deaths and injuries that took place at the Homestead mill in 1892? a) The plan to shut the plant's doors and arm nonunion workers b) The call for strikebreakers to fire on the striking workers c) The call for the Pennsylvania National Guard to defend the plantCorrect Answer d) The hiring of Pinkertons to enter the plant via the river
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d) The hiring of Pinkertons to enter the plant via the river
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Who became the most famous man in America after the Spanish-American War? a) General William Shafter b) Jim Dead Shot Simpson c) Theodore Roosevelt d) William Howard Taft
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c) Theodore Roosevelt
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For what reason did William Jennings Bryan oppose foreign acquisitions for the United States? a) He believed expansionism only distracted the nation from problems at home. b) He predicted that acquisitions would lead to wars with England, Japan, and Germany. c) He believed the federal government lacked the strength to properly conquer foreign nations. d) He feared that the United States would have to build democratic institutions in those nations.
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a) He believed expansionism only distracted the nation from problems at home.
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The U.S. role in the 1895 border crisis in Venezuela signaled to the world that a) revolution in South America was inevitable without U.S. intervention. b) the Monroe Doctrine was all but useless without American military might. c) the United States would go to great lengths to avoid military conflict with Great Britain. d) the United States had achieved hegemony in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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d) the United States had achieved hegemony in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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The Boxer uprising in China in 1899 targeted a) Japanese and British businesses. b) missionaries. c) western businessmen. d) Chinese farmers.
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b) missionaries.
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The platform of the People's party in the 1890s a) was fundamentally a traditionalist response to hard times. b) called for the reorganization of the U.S. government along Communist principles. c) called for less government intervention in the United States. d) presented an alternative vision of economic democracy.
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d) presented an alternative vision of economic democracy.
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The Platt Amendment in the 1898 Cuban constitution a) gave Cuba total independence. b) made it Cuba's responsibility to establish a democracy. c) gave the United States the power to oversee Cuban debt. d) established a two-party system in Cuba.
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c) gave the United States the power to oversee Cuban debt.
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What made presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan's 1896 campaign particularly notable? a) He reversed his opinion mid-campaign to support retention of the gold standard. b) His campaign strategies led him to win the popular vote but lose the Electoral College vote. c) He set a new style for presidential campaigning by traveling and speaking widely. d) He pioneered dramatic campaign tactics by traveling the country carrying a large gold cross.
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c) He set a new style for presidential campaigning by traveling and speaking widely.
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Which event led to the end of the Pullman strike of 1893? a) The courts issued an injunction leading to the imprisonment of Eugene Debs. b) Eugene Debs decided to demonstrate his power by capitulating to management. c) George Pullman announced his willingness to negotiate with the American Railway Union. d) The army immediately forced the strikers to abandon their demands.
answer
The courts issued an injunction leading to the imprisonment of Eugene Debs.
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For what reason was it difficult for the United States to win control of the Philippines after 1898? a) Congress did not adequately support the war effort. b) A majority of people in the United States at the time opposed imperialism. c) U.S. business interests saw no reason to develop markets in that part of the world. d) Filipino revolutionaries fought against the United States for seven years.
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d) Filipino revolutionaries fought against the United States for seven years.
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In the mid-1890s, the American press portrayed the Populist party as a) lunatics and idiots. b) defenders of democracy. c) revolutionary rabble-rousers. d) tramps and vagabonds.
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a) lunatics and idiots.
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What issues formed the basis of farmers' dissatisfaction in the late nineteenth century? a) Family farming, homesteading, and agribusiness b) Sharecropping and tenant farming c) Banking, railroading, and speculation d) Weather and mechanization
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c) Banking, railroading, and speculation
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What was one outcome of the depression of 1893 in the United States? a) Americans criticized government spending. b) Most elected officials rejected laissez-faire politics. c) The federal government offered generous aid to the unemployed. d) It put nearly half of the labor force out of work.
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d) It put nearly half of the labor force out of work.
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What sparked the Homestead lockout and the ensuing strike in 1892? a) The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers tried to renew its contract. b) Workers demanded higher wages, shorter days, sick pay, and safer working conditions. c) Henry Clay Frick fired several workers for refusing to adopt the company's new ten-hour workday. d) Andrew Carnegie left for Scotland after refusing to shorten workers' shifts.
answer
a) The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers tried to renew its contract.
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Which group or groups took part in the February 1892 St. Louis gathering, which evolved into the People's party? a) Loyal Republicans and Democrats b) Factory managers, bankers, and civil engineers c) Third-party dissidents with ties to anarchists d) Farmers, labor unionists, and women's leaders
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d) Farmers, labor unionists, and women's leaders
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The Populists' plan to help western farmers in the 1890s included a) government ownership of railroads and telegraph lines. b) a march on Washington to promote agricultural freedom and democracy. c) continuation of the gold standard to tighten the money supply and limit credit. d) higher tariffs to support the inflation of farm prices.
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a) government ownership of railroads and telegraph lines.
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What issue triggered the Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894? a) Miners were displeased with the outcome of Colorado's gubernatorial election in 1892. b) Miners organized to demand higher wages. c) Owners attempted to lengthen the workday from eight to ten hours. d) The Western Federation of Miners' demanded that workers should own the gold mines.
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c) Owners attempted to lengthen the workday from eight to ten hours.
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Which of the following statements describes Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom? a) It was very similar to Theodore Roosevelt's New Nationalism. b) It was based on the notion that centralized government was the most effective means of broadening democracy. c) It incorporated his belief in limited government, states' rights, and open markets. d) It incorporated his belief in federal planning and the regulation of big business
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c) It incorporated his belief in limited government, states' rights, and open markets.
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What was the fundamental difference between the philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois during the progressive period? a) Du Bois lobbied for militant protest while Washington argued for nonviolent protest b) Washington focused on education and economic progress, while Du Bois emphasized civil rights and black leadership. c) Washington focused on civil rights and black leadership, while Du Bois emphasized education and economic progress. d) Du Bois believed that African Americans would be better off living in the South while Washington wanted African Americans to leave the South.
answer
b) Washington focused on education and economic progress, while Du Bois emphasized civil rights and black leadership.
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President Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his role in a) the Russo-Japanese War. b) the Spanish-American War. c) the Panamanian uprising against Colombia. d) the revolution in the Philippines.
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a) the Russo-Japanese War.
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What assumption lay at the foundation of the American progressive agenda in the early twentieth century? a) Experts have the skills and knowledge to use scientific methods to improve society. b) The American president must lead the way for social reform. c) Humans should leave progress to the dictates of natural selection. d) Social engineering is a dangerous and unethical practice.
answer
a) Experts have the skills and knowledge to use scientific methods to improve society.
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The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine a) relaxed the doctrine's restrictions on European nations. b) set up the United States as the police power in the Western Hemisphere. c) guaranteed that the United States never had to send troops to Latin American nations. d) reversed the policy of the Monroe Doctrine.
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b) set up the United States as the police power in the Western Hemisphere.
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What did Eugene V. Debs advocate as an alternative to the progressive programs of the Republicans and Democrats? a) That men and women liberate themselves from the barbarism of private ownership and wage slavery b) The creation of one big union of unskilled workers to create social change c) Communism as the only way to save America d) A government takeover of private enterprise in order to spread the wealth
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a) That men and women liberate themselves from the barbarism of private ownership and wage slavery
question
Taken together, what did President Roosevelt's actions in the anthracite coal strike of 1902 and the dissolution of Northern Securities in 1904 demonstrate about the U.S. government? a) The government was virtually powerless to withstand lobbyists and other powerful business interests. b) Government officials were willing to make deals with big business to maintain economic stability. c) Roosevelt's administration would act independently of big business. d) The federal government would continue to side with management in major labor disputes.
answer
c) Roosevelt's administration would act independently of big business.
question
What happened to progressive reform after Democrats swept the congressional elections of 1910? a) Its visibility continued only in relation to the area of conservation. b) Progressives focused on expanding the role of the federal government. c) It continued in areas such as mine and railroad safety and workday limitations. d) Reform came to a standstill.
answer
c) It continued in areas such as mine and railroad safety and workday limitations.
question
What did President Roosevelt believe was the best way to deal with trusts in the first decade of the twentieth century? a) Break up as many as possible b) Allow them to continue but with federal government regulation c) Allow them to continue and to operate as they chose d) Break them up and then allow them to reorganize along federal guidelines
answer
b) Allow them to continue but with federal government regulation
question
Which of the following describes a significant difference between William Howard Taft's presidency and that of Theodore Roosevelt? a) Taft believed it was up to the courts, not the president, to arbitrate social issues. b) Taft completely ignored the tariff issue, which was the hallmark of the Roosevelt administration. c) Unlike Roosevelt, Taft refused to compromise with business leaders. d) Unlike Roosevelt, Taft wanted to strengthen the powers of the executive branch.
answer
a) Taft believed it was up to the courts, not the president, to arbitrate social issues.
question
President Roosevelt placed the nation's conservation policy in the hands of scientifically trained experts like his chief forester, a) Gifford Pinchot. b) Joseph Cannon. c) Robert La Follette. d) John Muir.
answer
a) Gifford Pinchot.
question
The temperance reform movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries stigmatized Incorrect Response a) those who refused to drink alcohol. b) the Protestant clergy. c) middle-class white women. d) the Irish, Italians, and Germans.
answer
d) the Irish, Italians, and Germans.
question
The Hepburn Act (1906) marked the first time that a) the Republicans were able to pass a major piece of regulatory legislation. b) a government commission was authorized to examine the records of a private business and to set prices. c) the federal government attempted to curb the power of the railroads. d) the railroads admitted that they had engaged in unfair and discriminatory business practices.
answer
b) a government commission was authorized to examine the records of a private business and to set prices.
question
What factor explained Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 presidential election? a) His laissez-faire attitude toward big business netted him huge campaign contributions from corporate America. b) The progressive platform put forward by the Democratic party led to his victory. c) Theodore Roosevelt entered the race as a third party candidate and split the Republican vote. d) His incredible popularity as a man of the people engaged more voters in the political process.
answer
c) Theodore Roosevelt entered the race as a third party candidate and split the Republican vote.
question
Which of the following statements describes the primary difference between preservationists and conservationists in the early twentieth century? a) Preservationists secured Roosevelt's support, while conservationists did not. b) Conservationists sought to protect the wilderness from all commercial exploitation, while preservationists advocated its efficient use. c) Preservationists openly supported Roosevelt's environmental policies, while conservationists did not. d) Preservationists sought to protect the wilderness from all commercial exploitation, while conservationists advocated its efficient use.
answer
d) Preservationists sought to protect the wilderness from all commercial exploitation, while conservationists advocated its efficient use.
question
Beginning in the 1890s, progressive southerners sought to reform the electoral system in the South by a) voting for Republican social reforms. b) disfranchising black voters. c) establishing new political parties. d) preventing woman suffrage.
answer
b) disfranchising black voters.
question
The progressives that influenced the United States between 1890 and 1916 were a) poorly educated urbanites intent on Americanizing immigrants. b) reformers who advocated the full separation of church and state. c) reformers with a broad agenda of concerns. d) women who sought to legislate morality.
answer
c) reformers with a broad agenda of concerns.
question
During his first term as president, Woodrow Wilson refused to support child labor laws, woman suffrage, and labor's demand for an end to injunctions because he a) opposed affording special privileges to any group. b) found little support for those measures in his own political party. c) could not find support for those measures in Congress. d) didn't want to offend big-business interest groups.
answer
a) opposed affording special privileges to any group.
question
What did American women of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries conclude about the settlement house movement? a) It excluded Catholics, Jews, and other non-Protestants. b) It gave women opportunities to use their talents to help society. c) It was dominated by white males who had little confidence in women's abilities. d) It did not allow them to act in unorthodox ways and required traditional feminine decorum.
answer
b) It gave women opportunities to use their talents to help society.
question
What was the response to Margaret Sanger's first efforts to launch a movement for birth control in 1915? a) Boston and Chicago lobbied her to open clinics in those cities. b) Medical associations openly declared their support for her tactics and goals. c) Theodore Roosevelt publicly endorsed her efforts. d) She was faced with the prospect of arrest for distributing obscene information.
answer
d) She was faced with the prospect of arrest for distributing obscene information.
