Techniques And Purposes Of Writing Prose Test Questions – Flashcards
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autobiography
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the story of a person's life written by that person
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biography
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a book written about a person's life
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case study
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an intensive, detailed description and analysis of a single project program, or instructional material in the context of its environment
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diary
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an account written down each day of what one has done or thought during the day
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editorial
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the opinions or attitude of the publishers or speaker regarding some subject
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argumentative essay
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an essay that shows the author's assertion (opinion, theory, hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others'
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descriptive essay
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author describes events and feelings by including images and details showing how things look, sound, smell, taste, or feel (5 senses)
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didactic essay
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intended to instruct; teacher-like. to expound some moral, political or other teaching.
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expository essay
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an appeal to reason by using evidence and logic; designed to convey information or explain what is difficult to understand.
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formal essay
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strict attention to rules, correctness; employs language accepted for dignified use.
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informal essay
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written mainly for enjoyment; a relaxed expression of opinion, observation, humor or pleasure.
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narrative essay
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tells a true story
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personal essay
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prose whose subject is chiefly the writer himself; writing that is focused on the beliefs, feelings, and responses of the writer; informal, familiar, and often colloquial.
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persuasive essay
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essay concerned with changing the readers' beliefs or opinions, to persuade them to share writer's values or conclusions.
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audience
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the people(s) addressed by a novel, essay, film, play, and other forms of entertainment.
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bias
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a preference that prevents one from being impartial; prejudice
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connotation
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an idea that is implied or suggested
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denotation
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the thing or situation to which a word refers, exclusive of attitude or feelings which the writer or speaker may have
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diction
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the choice of words used in a literary work to express ideas and feelings
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emotional appeal
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tries to persuade the reader by using words that appeal to the reader's emotions instead of to logic or reason
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purpose
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an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides planned actions
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thesis
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the main idea or argument that the author is trying to prove
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tone
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the author's attitude to his material or to his audience or both
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voice
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the distinctive style or manner of expression of an author; a particular quality that distinguishes one person from another; expresses emotion
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chronological order
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(Time Order) Events are arranged in the order in which they happened
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climatic order
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The order in which items are arranged in sequence according to their importance, with the most important one last.
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cause and effect
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cause is the reasons, grounds, motives for an event. the effects are what happens or are produced by a cause; the results
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compare and contrast
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examination of two or more things to find similarities and differences
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pro and con arguments`
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the advantages and disadvantages of a subject; the arguments for an against a question
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question and information inquiry
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a sentence in interrogative form, addressed to someone to get an answer. solution to the question will be provided within the essay
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anecdotal evidence
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Personal stories about specific incidents and experiences
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expert testimony
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testimony given by one acknowledged to have specialized training and knowledge in a particular subject
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graphic text
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information relayed by a graph, diagram or visual image
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historical reference
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references to history, known to be real or true
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illustration
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a story, example, comparison, etc. used to make clear or explain something
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research
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a careful hunting for facts or truth; discover facts by scientific study or subject
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statistical evidence
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numerical facts about people, the weather, business conditions, etc. systematic collecting and classifying of evidence to show significance
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active voice
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the form of an action-expressing verb which tells that the subject preforms the action
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archaic language
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language that is old fashioned
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colloquialism
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informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing
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dialect
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a distinctive variety of language, spoken by members of an identifiable religion group, nation, or social class
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formal language
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language conforming to a studied style in vocabulary, syntax, and pronunciation, as accepted for dignified use
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idiom
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an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up
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informal language
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the language of everyday speech, may use contractions and slang
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jargon
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vocabulary distinctive to a particular group of people
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literal language
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A form of language in which writers and speakers mean exactly what their words denote.
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objectivity
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impersonal, noncommittal approach, without offering judgement
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passive voice
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the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient (not the source) of the action denoted by the verb
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slang
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vocabulary and usage that differ from the standard and that is not usually considered acceptable in formal speech or writing
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subjectivity
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expression of personal feelings or exigences
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analogy
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a resemblance or likeness between two different things, sometimes expressed as a simile
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irony
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a device by which a writer expresses a meaning contradictory to the stated ostensible one
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parallelism
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the arrangement of equally important ideas in a similar grammatical constructions
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rhetorical question
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a question asked nor for information but to produce an effect
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satire
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a literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, often with the intent of correcting, or changing, the subject of the satiric attack.
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sarcasm
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bitter, derisive, expression, frequently involving irony as a device, whereby what is stated is the opposite of what is actually meant.
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understatement
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the device of presenting something as less significant than it really is
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wit
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intellectually amusing utterances calculated to delight and surprise
