TCI Chapter 13 Geography and the Early Settlement of India – Flashcards
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monsoon
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a strong wind that brings heavy rains to southern Asia in the summer
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plateau
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a flat area of land that is elevated, or raised, above the land above it.
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glacier
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a huge mass of ice that slowly slides over a land area
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India
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a country located in the subcontinent of Asia surrounded on three sides by water
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Brahmaputra River
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starts in the Himalayan Mountains, and eventually joins with the Ganges River. Where these two meet, it is very fertile (good) for farming.
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Deccan Plateau
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a flat, triangle shaped part of land. This area has different land types: flat parts with large rocks, and hilly areas with thin forests and bushes. It is relatively dry and gets most of its water from the monsoons.
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black soil
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This type of land is good for farming & is rich in iron
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red and yellow soil
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This type of land is missing nutrients which makes it difficult to grow crops
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Eastern and Western Ghats
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Long mountain chains near the coasts of India, made of steep slopes, deep valleys, forests, and rivers. They form a large V shape, and the Deccan Plateau is between them.
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Ganges River
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Beginning in the Himalayas, its icy water flows across most of northern India. It carries rich sediment to northern plains. During rainy season, it can flood and destroy the crops on its banks. Many people consider its waters holy.
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Himalaya Mountains
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Located along northern border of India. The highest mountain range in the world. Contains glaciers that feed India's major northern rivers.
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Hindu Kush Mountains
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Forms a barrier between present day Afghanistan and India. Contains the Khyber Pass.
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Khyber Pass
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The 28-mile gap located in the Hindu Kush Mountains that connects central Asia to the Indian subcontinent. Traders and invaders have used the pass for the last thousand years.
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Indus River
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Begins in the Himalayas. Gets water from the melting snow of the Hindu Kush Mountains. Flows through Pakistan and empties into the Arabian Sea.
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Thar Desert
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Mostly sand and stone. Located in northern India with large sand dunes that can stretch for miles. Often very hot, with very little water.
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fertile river valleys
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Type of area where farmers first set up settlements in India (for travel, trade, farming, ; water supply)
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subcontinent
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a large and distinctive landmass (as India or Greenland) that is a distinct part of some continent
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physical features
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an aspect of the land, such as mountains, plateaus, and rivers
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Western Ghats
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High, steep slopes, narrow valleys, thick hardwood forests, and extremely wet climate
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Eastern Ghats
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Mountain range with hardwood trees sprinkled throughout the range. Rivers rarely flood and are not safe for travel
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Hindu Kush Mountain Range
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Form a fierce barrier between India and Afghanistan
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What is the meaning of "Himalaya?"
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"home of the snows"
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citadel
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(n.) a fortress that overlooks and protects a city; any strong or commanding place
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drain
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a pipe that is used to carry away flowing water, often dirty water
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granary
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a storehouse for grain
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Indus Valley Civilization
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an early civilization, known for its advanced culture, that developed in the Indus River valley in India
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Mohenjadaro
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one of the first major settlements in ancient India that became a center of the Indus valley civilization
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1922
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the year archaeologists found the ruins of Mohenjodaro. Carefully, they excavated the city. They discovered that it had two main parts.
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Lower City
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had many houses and workshops. This is likely the area where most people lived their daily lives.
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Weights and Scales
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these objects suggest to archaeologists that ancient Indians used standard weights as they traded goods; also found were marked rods. These suggest that the ancient Indians also had a uniform way to measure length.
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The Great Bath
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people of Mohenjodaro used the pool to bathe; also used for religious rituals. They point out that bathing rituals are important in India's major religion, Hinduism.
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Caste System
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A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life, a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society
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Asia
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continent that India is located
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Characteristics of Civilization
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Writing, Technology, Arts, Religion, Government, Social Structure, Stable Food Supply
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Written language
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unknown in Indus Valley as archaeologists cannot find code to understand their language, stops us from learning a lot about their culture
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Lower City
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where the majority of people lived in Mohenjadaro
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Chess
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the game is rooted in Ancient India, a different form but the earliest form of it
