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Home Page Flashcards tbt C11H16 structure - Flashcards

tbt C11H16 structure – Flashcards

Flashcard maker : Keisha White

Molecular Formula C11H16
Average mass 148.245 Da
Density 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 193.5±10.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point 54.4±0.0 °C
Molar Refractivity 49.5±0.3 cm3
Polarizability 19.6±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension 27.0±3.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume 172.4±3.0 cm3
  • Experimental data
  • Predicted – ACD/Labs
  • Predicted – EPISuite
  • Predicted – ChemAxon
  • Predicted – Mcule
  • Experimental Physico-chemical Properties

    • Experimental Melting Point:

      -63 °C Alfa Aesar
      -52 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      -53 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 13909
      -52 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 15081, 20766
      -63 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 5590
      -63 °C Alfa Aesar A18214
      -54 °C Biosynth W-100078
      -54 °C LabNetwork LN00201365

    • Experimental Boiling Point:

      189-193 °C Alfa Aesar
      379 F (192.7778 °C)
      NIOSH XS8400000
      193 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      189-193 °C Alfa Aesar A18214
      191 °C Biosynth W-100078
      191 °C (Literature) LabNetwork LN00201365

    • Experimental Ionization Potent:

      8.28 Ev NIOSH XS8400000

    • Experimental Flash Point:

      62 °C Alfa Aesar
      155 F (68.3333 °C)
      NIOSH XS8400000
      58 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      62 °C Alfa Aesar
      54 °C Biosynth W-100078
      62 °F (16.6667 °C)
      Alfa Aesar A18214
      54 °C LabNetwork LN00201365

    • Experimental Freezing Point:

      -62 F (-52.2222 °C)
      NIOSH XS8400000

    • Experimental Gravity:

      20 g/mL Merck Millipore 2420
      20 g/l Merck Millipore 2420, 814286
      0.858 g/mL Biosynth W-100078
      0.853 g/mL Alfa Aesar A18214
      54 g/mL Biosynth W-100078

    • Experimental Refraction Index:

      1.492 Alfa Aesar A18214

    • Experimental Solubility:

      Insoluble NIOSH XS8400000
  • Miscellaneous

    • Appearance:

      Colorless liquid with a distinct aromatic odor, somewhat like gasoline. NIOSH XS8400000
      colourless liquid Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Stability:

      Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Toxicity:

      ORL-RAT LD50 1500 mg kg-1, IHL-RAT LD50 1500 mg/m3/4h Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Safety:

      22-23-36/37-51/53 Alfa Aesar A18214
      26-36-45-61 Alfa Aesar A18214
      6.1 Alfa Aesar A18214
      Danger Alfa Aesar A18214
      DANGER: POISON, irritates skin, eyes, lungs Alfa Aesar A18214
      GHS02; GHS07; GHS09 Biosynth W-100078
      H226; H302; H315; H319; H332; H335; H411 Biosynth W-100078
      H330-H302-H319-H335-H401-H411 Alfa Aesar A18214
      IRRITANT Matrix Scientific 099158
      P260-P304+P340-P305+P351+P338-P320-P330-P405-P501a Alfa Aesar A18214
      P261; P273; P305+P351+P338 Biosynth W-100078
      Safety glasses, good ventilation. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      Warning Biosynth W-100078

    • First-Aid:

      Eye: Irrigate immediately Skin: Water flush promptly Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately NIOSH XS8400000

    • Exposure Routes:

      inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact NIOSH XS8400000

    • Symptoms:

      Irritation eyes, skin; dry nose, throat; headache; low blood pressure, tachycardia, abnormalities cardiovascular system stress; central nervous system, hematopoietic depression; metallic taste; liver,
      kidney injury NIOSH XS8400000

    • Target Organs:

      Eyes, skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, bone marrow, liver, kidneys NIOSH XS8400000

    • Incompatibility:

      Oxidizers NIOSH XS8400000

    • Personal Protection:

      Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: When contaminated Remove: When wet or contaminated Change: No recommendation NIOSH XS8400000

    • Exposure Limits:

      NIOSH REL : TWA 10 ppm (60 mg/m 3 ) ST 20 ppm (120 mg/m 3 ) OSHA PEL ?: TWA 10 ppm (60 mg/m 3 ) NIOSH XS8400000
  • Gas Chromatography

    • Retention Index (Kovats):

      1121 (estimated with error: 55) NIST Spectra mainlib_118836, replib_151975, replib_227973
      1091.95 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 100 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 5C(10min)=>5C/min=>50C(48min)=>1.5C/min=>195C(91min); CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Petrocol DH-100; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1072 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 60 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: HP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Zhang, M.J.; Li, S.D.; Chen, B.J., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions, Chromatographia, 33(3/4), 1992, 138-146.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1085 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Gerasimenko, V.A.; Nabivach, V.M., Relationship between molecular structure and gas chromatographic retention of alkylbenzenes C8-C1 2 on polydimethylsiloxane, Zh. Anal. Khim., 37, 1982, 110-116.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1091 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Gerasimenko, V.A.; Nabivach, V.M., Relationship between molecular structure and gas chromatographic retention of alkylbenzenes C8-C1 2 on polydimethylsiloxane, Zh. Anal. Khim., 37, 1982, 110-116.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1097 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 140 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Gerasimenko, V.A.; Nabivach, V.M., Relationship between molecular structure and gas chromatographic retention of alkylbenzenes C8-C1 2 on polydimethylsiloxane, Zh. Anal. Khim., 37, 1982, 110-116., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 1 K/min; Start T: 60 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Apiezon L; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Louis, R., Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 24(2), 1971, 88-94.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1076 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 110 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 1 K/min; Start T: 35 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.20 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kovats indices, J. Chromatogr., 253, 1982, 179-198.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1084.6 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M., Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions, J. Chromatogr., 208, 1981, 9-16.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1091.3 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M., Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions, J. Chromatogr., 208, 1981, 9-16.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1097.3 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 140 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M., Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions, J. Chromatogr., 208, 1981, 9-16.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1072.2 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Column length: 25.5 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 65 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D., Kovats Retention Indices in the Identification of Alkylbenzene Degradation Products, J. Chromatogr., 91, 1974, 677-689.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1072.3 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 86 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Squalane; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Macak, J.; Nabivach, V.; Buryan, P.; Sindler, S., Dependence of retention indices of alkylbenzenes on their molecular structure, J. Chromatogr., 234, 1982, 285-302., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 86 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Squalane; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Nabivach, V.M.; Bur’yan, P.; Matsak, I., Retention indices of aromatic hydrocarbons on a squalane capillary column, Zh. Anal. Khim., 33(7), 1978, 1108-1113, In original 1416-1422.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1074.7 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 96 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Squalane; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Macak, J.; Nabivach, V.; Buryan, P.; Sindler, S., Dependence of retention indices of alkylbenzenes on their molecular structure, J. Chromatogr., 234, 1982, 285-302., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 96 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Squalane; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Nabivach, V.M.; Bur’yan, P.; Matsak, I., Retention indices of aromatic hydrocarbons on a squalane capillary column, Zh. Anal. Khim., 33(7), 1978, 1108-1113, In original 1416-1422.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1069.11 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 100 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Squalane; Carrier gas: H2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Sojak, L.; Rijks, J.A., Capillary gas chromatography of alkylbenzenes. I. Some problems encountered with the precision of the retention indcies of alkylbenzenes, J. Chromatogr., 119, 1976, 505-521.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1075.6 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 10.5 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Squalane; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D., Kovats Retention Indices in the Identification of Alkylbenzene Degradation Products, J. Chromatogr., 91, 1974, 677-689.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1304.9 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 100 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 90 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Doring, C.E.; Estel, D.; Fischer, R., Kapillar-gaschromatographische Charakterisierung von C10-bis C12-Aromaten, J. Prakt. Chem., 316, 1974, 1-12.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1355.1 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 10 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 90 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Carbowax 6000; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D., Kovats Retention Indices in the Identification of Alkylbenzene Degradation Products, J. Chromatogr., 91, 1974, 677-689.) NIST Spectra nist ri

    • Retention Index (Normal Alkane):

      1091 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Chen, Y.; Feng, C.-I., Regerating the spent metal-contaminated cracking catalyst by ozalic acid, J. Shanxi Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 29(4), 2006, 414-420.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1094.9 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 260 C; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 3 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: J&W Scientific, Solvent Retention Data, 2003.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1091.2 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 100 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 35 0C (13 min) ^ 10 0C/min -> 45 0C (15 min) ^ 1 0C/min -> 60 0C (15 min) ^ 1.9 0C/min -> 200 0C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: RTX-1 PONA; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.5 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Restek, Restek International, 1999 Product Guide, 1(1), 1999, 578-591, In original 578-591.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1092 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Spieksma, W., Determination of vapor liquid equilibrium from the Kovats retention index on dimethylsilicone using the Wilson mixing tool, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 22(10), 1999, 565-588.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1078 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Zenkevich, I.G.; Tsibulskaya, I.A., Group identification of organic compounds by gas-chromatographic retention indices and partition coefficients in the hexane-nitromethane system, Zh. Fiz. Khim., 71(2), 1997, 341-346.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1087 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 100 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 140 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Squalane; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Protic, G.; Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D., Mass spectrometric and gas chromatographic data in hydrocarbon analyse, Sci. Papers of the Prague Institute of Chem. Technol., D42, 1980, 139-147.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1066 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 95.4 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Squalane; Carrier gas: H2; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Sojak, L.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Comparison of interpolation methods for the interpretation of retention data in gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 148(1), 1978, 159-167.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1088 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 100 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Squalane; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Papazova, D.I.; Pankova, M.C., Identification of individual aromatic hydrocarbons in kerosene fraction (b.p. 150-250 ), J. Chromatogr., 105, 1975, 411-414.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1362.7 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 230 C; Start time: 7 min; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: DB-Wax; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: J&W Scientific, Solvent Retention Data, 2003.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1305 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 90 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Sutter, J.M.; Peterson, T.A.; Jurs, P.C., Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of alkylbenzenes, Anal. Chim. Acta., 342, 1997, 113-122., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ivanciuc, O.; Ivanciuc, T.; Klein, D.J.; Seitz, W.A.; Balaban, A.T., Quantitative structure-retention relationships for gas chromatographic retention indices of alkylbenzenes with molecular graph descriptors, SAR & QSAR Environ. Res., 11, 2001, 419-452.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1329 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: PEG-40M; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Nesterov, I.A.; Nesterova, T.N.; Pimerzin, A.A.; Tsvetkov, V.S., Thermodynamics of alkylbenzene sorption and evaporation. IV. Enthalpies of evaporation and thermodynamics chracteristics of sorption by stationary phases OV-101 and PEG-40M, Izvestia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Khimia i khimicheskaia tekhnologia (Chemistry and chemical technology), 43(4), 2000, 39-45.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1341 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: PEG-40M; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Nesterov, I.A.; Nesterova, T.N.; Pimerzin, A.A.; Tsvetkov, V.S., Thermodynamics of alkylbenzene sorption and evaporation. IV. Enthalpies of evaporation and thermodynamics chracteristics of sorption by stationary phases OV-101 and PEG-40M, Izvestia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Khimia i khimicheskaia tekhnologia (Chemistry and chemical technology), 43(4), 2000, 39-45.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1353 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: PEG-40M; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Nesterov, I.A.; Nesterova, T.N.; Pimerzin, A.A.; Tsvetkov, V.S., Thermodynamics of alkylbenzene sorption and evaporation. IV. Enthalpies of evaporation and thermodynamics chracteristics of sorption by stationary phases OV-101 and PEG-40M, Izvestia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Khimia i khimicheskaia tekhnologia (Chemistry and chemical technology), 43(4), 2000, 39-45.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1365 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 140 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: PEG-40M; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Nesterov, I.A.; Nesterova, T.N.; Pimerzin, A.A.; Tsvetkov, V.S., Thermodynamics of alkylbenzene sorption and evaporation. IV. Enthalpies of evaporation and thermodynamics chracteristics of sorption by stationary phases OV-101 and PEG-40M, Izvestia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Khimia i khimicheskaia tekhnologia (Chemistry and chemical technology), 43(4), 2000, 39-45.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1379 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: PEG-40M; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Nesterov, I.A.; Nesterova, T.N.; Pimerzin, A.A.; Tsvetkov, V.S., Thermodynamics of alkylbenzene sorption and evaporation. IV. Enthalpies of evaporation and thermodynamics chracteristics of sorption by stationary phases OV-101 and PEG-40M, Izvestia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Khimia i khimicheskaia tekhnologia (Chemistry and chemical technology), 43(4), 2000, 39-45.) NIST Spectra nist ri

    • Retention Index (Linear):

      1072.5 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 325 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Sun, G.; Stremple, P., Retention index characterization of flavor, fragrance, and many other compounds on DB-1 and DB-XLB, 2003.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1079.5 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 35 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Gautzsch, R.; Zinn, P., Use of incremental models to estimate the retention indexes of aromatic compounds, Chromatographia, 43(3/4), 1996, 163-176.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1079 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 100 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 1 K/min; Start T: 30 C; End T: 220 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Petrocol DH; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.5 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 15, 1992, 105-120.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1073.37 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 1 K/min; Start T: -30 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Ultra-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Haynes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Disengaging solutes in shale- and petroleum-derived jet fuels by altering GC programmed temperature rates, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., 8, 1985, 230-242.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1077.11 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: -30 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Ultra-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Haynes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Disengaging solutes in shale- and petroleum-derived jet fuels by altering GC programmed temperature rates, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., 8, 1985, 230-242.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1079.53 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: -30 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Ultra-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Haynes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Disengaging solutes in shale- and petroleum-derived jet fuels by altering GC programmed temperature rates, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., 8, 1985, 230-242.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1076 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 108 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 1 K/min; Start T: 35 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: OV-101; Phase thickness: 0.2 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Kovats indices as a tool in characterizing hydrocarbon fuels in temperature programmed glass capillary gas chromatography. Part 1. Qualitative identification, Inhouse rpt. for Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 1981, 75.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1101 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 180 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Isidorov, V.A.; Krajewska, U.; Dubis, E.N.; Jdanova, M.A., Partition coefficients of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons and esters in a hexane-acetonitrile system, J. Chromatogr. A, 923, 2001, 127-136.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1089.21 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 1 K/min; Start T: -30 C; End T: 240 C; CAS no: 98511; Active phase: Ultra-2;

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      What is the right structure for an essay
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      A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:
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