SYO 3400 Lesson 1: Introduction to The Sociology of Health, Illness & Healing – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Medical Sociology -- Ruderman 1982
answer
The study of health care as it is institutionalized in a society, and of health, or illness, and its relationship to social factors.
question
Social Medicine -- 20th Century
answer
Efforts to improve public health.
question
Medical Sociology emerged as a result of: -- According to Rodney Cope 1970 & others -- Occurred in the 1950s & 1960s
answer
1. Changing Patterns of Morbidity & Mortality 2. The Impact of Preventive Medicine & Public Health 3. The Impact of Modern Psychiatry 4. The Impact of Administrative Medicine
question
Changing Patterns of Morbidity & Mortality
answer
During this time, the primary causes of sickness and death shifted from acute, infectious diseases to chronic, degenerative diseases. The factors associated with these types of diseases are more obviously interwoven with social patterns and lifestyle, the necessity for sociological contributions became more apparent.
question
The Impact of Preventive Medicine & Public Health
answer
In the 1800s & early 1900s, public health focused mostly on bacteriology and immunology. As the 20th century progressed, it became apparent that protection of public as poverty, malnutrition, and congested living areas-all of interest health also required consideration of social factors such to sociologists.
question
The Impact of Modern Psychiatry
answer
The development of psychiatry led to increased interest in the psychophysiological basis for many diseases and illnesses, in the importance of effective interaction between patients and practitioners, and in the use of patients' social environments as a part of therapy.
question
The Impact of Administrative Medicine
answer
The abilities of sociologists to analyze organizations and structures, to identify those who are harmed as well as those who gain by various arrangements, and to examine the consequences of alternative techniques were increasingly useful skills in organizationally complex environments.
question
In the 1950s & 1960s, medical schools began to hire sociologists for their faculties. This move symbolized:
answer
An increasing recognition of sociology's potential contribution to understanding disease and illness.
question
Major Topics of Analysis in Medical Sociology
answer
1. The Relationships Between the Social Environment and Health and Illness 2. Health and Illness Behavior 3. Health Care Practitioners and Their Relationships with Patients 4. The Health Care System 5. The Sociological Perspective
question
The Relationships Between the Social Environment and Health and Illness
answer
1. Social Epidemiology 2. Social Stress
question
Social Epidemiology
answer
The study of patterns and trends in the causes and distribution of disease and illness within a population based on social factors, rather than (or in addition to) biological ones.
question
Social Stress
answer
The study of the imbalance or unease created when demands on a person exceed resources to deal with them.
question
Health and Illness Behavior
answer
1. Health Behavior 2. Experiencing Disability & Illness
question
Health Behavior
answer
The study of behaviors intended to promote positive health.
question
Experiencing Disability & Illness
answer
The study of ways that people perceive, interpret, and act in response to illness.
question
Health Care Practitioners and Their Relationships with Patients
answer
1. Physicians and the Profession of Medicine 2. Medical Education and the Socialization of Physicians 3. Nurses, Mid-Level Health Care Practitioners, and Allied Health Workers 4. Alternative and Complementary Healing Practices 5. The Physician-Patient Relationship
question
Physicians and the Profession of Medicine
answer
The study of medicine as a profession and the role of medicine within society.
question
Medical Education and the Socialization of Physicians
answer
The study of the education and socialization of physicians in medical schools.
question
Nurses, Mid-Level Health Care Practitioners, and Allied Health Workers
answer
The study of issues pertaining to non-physician health care providers.
question
Alternative and Complementary Healing Practices
answer
The study of healers and healing practices outside conventional medicine.
question
The Physician-Patient Relationship
answer
The study of patterns in the way that physicians and patients relate to each other and factors that influence these patterns.
question
The Health Care System
answer
The study of the organization, regulation, financing, and important problems in the health care system.
question
Health Care Delivery
answer
The study of the organizations and agencies (including hospitals) that provide health care services.
question
The Social Effects of Health Care Technology
answer
The study of the social consequences and public policy choices of new health care technologies.
question
Comparative Health Care Systems
answer
The study of health care systems in other countries.
question
The Sociological Perspective
answer
Requires an ability to think about things in a manner other than that to which many are accustomed. Sociology attempts to understand human behavior by placing it in a social context-that is, by looking for social patterns and by examining the influence of social forces or circumstances that have an impact on human behavior.
question
Sociological Imagination -- C. Wright Mills
answer
Ability to see how larger social patterns (public Issues) influence individual behavior (personal troubles)
question
Major Theoretical Perspectives in Medical Sociology
answer
1. Symbolic Interactionism 2. Functionalism
question
Symbolic Interactionism
answer
Views symbols, things to which we attach meaning, as the basis of social life.
question
Symbolic Interactionists
answer
They see health as a human condition measured by 4 components: physical, mental, social, and spiritual. Don't try to define "true" health or "true" illness.
question
Functionalism
answer
Posits that society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together.
question
Robert Merton
answer
Function to refer to the beneficial consequences of people's actions to keep society stable & dysfunction to refer to consequences that undermine stability. Functions can be either manifest(intended) or latent(unintended)
question
Functionalists
answer
Examine how societies set up ways to control sickness, as well as make up rules to keep too many people from "being sick," so that their members can continue to perform their functional roles and activities.
question
Sick Role
answer
A social role that excuses people from normal obligations because they are sick or injured.
question
Talcott Parsons maintains that the sick role has 4 elements:
answer
1. A person is not held responsible for being sick. 2. A person is exempt from normal responsibilities. 3. A person does not like the role. 4. A person will get competent help so that he/she can return to his/her routines.
question
The primary gatekeepers to the sick role
answer
Parents & Physicians
question
Conflict theory
answer
Society is viewed as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Bourgeoisie & Proletariat Gender relations--Patriarchy
question
The Bourgeoisie
answer
The small group of capitalists who own the means of production
question
The Proletariat
answer
The masses of workers exploited by the capitalists
question
The 4 major causes of illness and death in the least industrialized nations:
answer
1. Malaria 2. Internal Parasites 3. Diarrhea 4. Malnutrition
question
Medical Lobby
answer
Is a powerful political force in state legislatures and the US Congress.
