Summer School Health Final-Knowledge Counts – Flashcards
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What is in a cigarette and what comes when you smoke it?
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finely cut tobacco leaves is the main ingredient; carbon monoxide and tar come off when you smoke it
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What is carbon monoxide and what does it do to your body?
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A colorless, oderless, and poisonous gas that is taken up more readily by the blood than oxygen. It replaces oxygen in the blood, depriving the cells and tissues of oxygen.
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What drugs are a stimulant and a depressant?
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Stimulants are Cocaine, Crack, Amphetamines, and Methamphetamines. Depressants are Barbiturates, Tranquilizers, Rohypnol, GHB.
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What are the consequences/risks of smoking, drugs, and sex?
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Smoking: Drugs: DEPRESSANTS slow down the CNS, mood changes, sleeping more than usual, coma, reduce muscular activity. Abuse can cause dependance and/or death. STIMULANTS speed up the CNS, can cause malnutrition and cardiac problems, raises heart rate and blood pressure and sometimes liver failure. Sex:
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What does nicotine do to your body?
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nicotine is a stimulant that raises blood pressure, increases heart rate, and contributes to heart disease and stroke
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What specific structures are damaged from smoking?
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nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, cardiovascular system, and excretory system
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What is the consequence of smoking, STDs, and alcohol on pregnancy?
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the fetus will get everything the mom does so when she drinks or does drugs so does the fetus putting it at risk. then, when the baby is born, it will be born addicted to the drug or alcohol since they have been dependent on it.
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What does smoking, drugs, marijuana, and STDs do to your body?
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smoking-
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What are the stages of alcoholism?
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abuse, dependence, and addiction
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What affects the onset and severity of short-term effects of drinking?
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body size and gender, food, and the amount and rate of intake
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What is a side effect?
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a secondary outcome that was unintended
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How can you prevent tobacco, alcohol, and drug use?
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by keeping a healthy diet, exercising, knowing your values, avoiding it
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What factors influence drug, tobacco, and alcohol use?
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family, friends, media, advertising
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What are the different types of vaccines?
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live-virus vaccines, killed-virus vaccines, toxoids, and new and second generation vaccines
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What is the difference between psychological and physiological dependence?
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psychological dependence develops over time whereas physiological dependence is a condition in which the user has a chemical need for the drug
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Define withdrawal and tell me withdrawl symptoms from nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, and opioids.
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withdrawl: occurs when a person stops using a medicine on which he or she has a chemical dependence on. withdrawl symptoms include irritability, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and cravings.
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What is a zero tolerance policy?
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the expulsion of students if they participate in violence or who are found with drugs or weapons
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What are the symptoms of alcoholism, marijuana, and smoking?
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alcoholism symptoms: craving, loss of control, physical dependence, tolerance, health, family, and legal problems smoking symptoms: irritability, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and cravings marijuana symptoms: dizziness, having trouble walking, and having difficulty remembering events that just happened
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What kind of drinking can cause fetal problems?
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all kinds of drinking with alcohol
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How is alcohol metabolized?
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in the liver
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What is an amphetamine?
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stimulants used in prescription medicines to reduce fatigue and drowsiness to suppress the appetite
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What are the symptoms of amphetamines?
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twitching, irregular heart beat, paranoia, and heart and blood vessel damage
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What is Reye's syndrome and what causes it?
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A rare but serious condition causing swelling in the liver and brain. Most often affects children recovering from a viral infection (chicken pox and flu). Cause is unknown but might be triggered by using aspirin.
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What is fetal alcohol syndrome and what causes it?
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a group of alcohol related birth defects that include physical and mental problems
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What is illicit drug use
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The use or sale of any illegal or otherwise not permitted
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What is a drug free school zone?
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an area within 1000 feet of a school designated by signs, within which people caught selling drugs receive especially severe penalties
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What are community resources to prevent drug use?
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Community drug prevention programs that involve problem solving, communication, and/or self esteem groups.
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What is malaria?
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a disease transmitted by mosquitos--causes flue-like symphthoms
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What is a miss use of medication/drugs?
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taking more than what is prescribed or taking what is not prescribed
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What is direct and indirect transmission?
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direct: contact with a person such as a hug, kiss, handshake, or sexual activities. indirect: airborn through a sneeze or a cough, touching a doorknob, phone, computer...
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How can you protect yourself from disease on a daily basis? What is the number one way?
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Number one way is to wash your hands with soap and water. Also, handling food properly, eat a balanced diet, vaccinations, avoid sharing utensils...
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What are the chemical and physical barriers from diseases?
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Physical: skin (first line of defense) and mucous membranes block pathogens from invading your body. Chemical: enzymes in tears and saliva destroy pathogens.
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Define abstinence.
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avoiding high risk behaviors
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What is hypertension?
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high blood pressure
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What is a vector? What diseases can be acquired/spread through vectors?
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An organism usually an arthropod, such as a tick, that carries and transmits pathogens to human or other animals. Lyme disease and Malaria are spread by vectors.
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What are examples of fungis, viruses, and bacteria?
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FUNGIS: athletes foot, yeast infection, and lung diseases. VIRUSES: common cold, flu, AIDS, polio, chicken pox, herpes. BACTERIA: strep throat, Lyme disease, bacterial pneumonia, TB.
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Describe the inflammatory process. Specifically discuss B ; T cells.
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The inflammatory process is a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. Helper T cells trigger the production of B cells and killer T cells. Killer T cells attack and destroy infected body cells. Suppressor T cells "turn off" the helper T cells when the infection has been cleared. B cells produce antibodies, which is a protein that helps destroy pathogens where others block viruses from entering the body cells.
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What kind of "cyte" is a B and T cells?
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Lymphocyte
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What are the ways to test for HIV?
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EIA Test (blood test looking for HIV antibodies in the blood) WESTERN BLOT TEST is the most common test for HIV to determine if the person is positive.
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Are STDs an epidemic?
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Yes, known as the hidden epidemic.
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How are STDs spread?
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Unprotected sex, having more than one partner, injected illegal drugs (sharing needles or being with someone who has), using alcohol and drugs lower your inhibitions.
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What STDs cannot be cured?
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Genital herpes and AIDS (HIV)
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What is a carcinogen?
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something that causes cancer
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Define stroke, CVD, and shock.
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STROKE: Arterial blockage interrupts flow to the brain. It can affect different parts of the body depending on what area of the brain loses oxygen. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Signs of the disease usually show up in adulthood, the disease itself starts to develop in childhood. SHOCK: The end result of a heart attack or congested heart failure.
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What causes stroke, CVD, and shock?
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STROKE causes: Blood supply to your brain is interrupted or reduced. CVD causes: Plaque buildup thickens and stiffens artery walls which inhibits blood flow through your parties to your organs and tissues. SHOCK causes: Severe blood and fluid loss, such as from a traumatic body injury.
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What is meningitis, hepatitis a, hepatitis C, tuberculosis, mononucleosis?
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MENINGITIS: Virus or bacteria cause inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain. HEPATITIS A: Most commonly spread through feces of an infected person, which causes liver damage. HEPATITIS C:Most common blood borne infection in USA. Usually spread through infected needles. TUBERCULOSIS (TB): A bacterial disease that attacks the lungs. Spread through the air when an infected person sneezes or coughs. MONONUCLEOSIS: Virus attacks lymphocytes, spread through kissing or sharing utensils.
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Stages of HIV
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1. primary infection 2. HIV asymptomatic 3. HIV symptomatic 4. AIDS
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In regards to sex, what are teens more likely to do compared to adults?
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Have unprotected sex
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What is herpes, HIV, gonorrhea, and chlamydia?
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HERPES: Genital herpes (Type 2) are sores on your genitals. Type 1 are cold sores. HIV: A virus affecting the immune system. CHLAMYDIA: A bacterial infection that affects your reproductive organs of both male and female.
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What does HIV do?
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Attacks the immune system and it becomes weakened
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What are the different types of cancers?
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Skin, breast, prostate, lung, colon/rectum, mouth, cervix, testicle.
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What are arthritis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis?
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ARTHRITIS: A group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and loss of movement in the joints. OSTEOARTHRITIS: A disease of the joints where cartilage breaks down.(Most common type) RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS:A debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammation.
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Why does arthritis form? How can you decrease your risk?
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An infection or injury to the joints can cause breakdown of the joints. Decrease your risk by controlling weight, preventing sport injuries, and protecting against Lyme disease.
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What are examples of physical disabilities?
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Sight impairment, hearing impairment, or motor impairment.
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What are examples of mental disabilities?
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Mental retardation (genetic or fetal alcohol syndrome)
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What is diabetes?
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inability to regulate blood glucose levels -three types: type 1, type 2, gestational
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Carcinogen
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A cancer-causing substance
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Addictive drug
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A substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence
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Nicotine withdrawal
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The process that occurs in the body when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no longer used
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Tar
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A thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
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Side stream smoke
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smoke that comes directly from a burning cigarette.
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Stimulant
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any drug that increases the body's activity A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system
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Environmental tobacco smoke
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Air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke Second hand smoke
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Nicotine
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a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco
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Leukoplakia
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White spots on the gums and on the inside of the cheeks
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Nicotine substitute
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A product that contains nicotine, but not the other harmful chemicals found in tobacco.
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Blood alcohol concentration
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the amount of alcohol in a person's blood, expressed as a percentage
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Depressant
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A drug that slows the central nervous system
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Fermentation
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the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen
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Binge drinking
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The consumption of a large quantity of alcohol in a very short period of time.
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Alcoholism
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A progressive, chronic disease involving a mental and physical need for alcohol.
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Alcoholic
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An addict who is dependent on alcohol
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Alcohol poisoning
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a severe and potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose
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Metabolism
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the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
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Fetal alcohol syndrome
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A group of birth defects caused by the effects of alcohol on an unborn child
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Ethanol
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the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages
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Euphoria
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a feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness.
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Side effects
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reactions to medicine other than the one intended
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Analgesics
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pain relievers
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Overdose
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A strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug
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Addictive interaction
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Medicines working together in a positive way
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Psychological dependence
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a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
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Medicine
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Any drug used to cure, prevent, or treat illness or discomfort
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Paranoia
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A disorder of the mind
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Antagonistic interaction
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the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken with another medicine
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Narcotics
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specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription ; are used to relieve pain.
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Pathogen
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An organism that causes disease
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Inflammatory response
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a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection
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Jaundice
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A yellowing of the skin and eyes
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Immunity
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Resistance to disease
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Vector
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A quantity that has both size and direction.
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Communicable disease
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a disease that is spread from one host to another a disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment
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Pneumonia
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Inflammation of the lungs
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Anti-body
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protein that reacts to a specific antigen or inactivates toxins
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Antigen
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A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody
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Lymphocyte
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A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections
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Genital herpes
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a viral STD that produces painful blisters on the genital area
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Abstinence
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act of refraining from
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Sexually transmitted disease is or sexually transmitted infection
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STD
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Opportunistic infections
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infections seen in patients with compromised immune systems
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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AIDS A disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened
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Syphilis
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a bacterial STD that can affect many parts of the body
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Epidemics
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Widespread outbreaks of disease
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Chlamydia
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A bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females
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Asymptomatic stage
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a period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptoms
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EIA
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A test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood
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Tumor
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mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
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Biopsy
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the removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination
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Diabetes
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A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy. disease related to insufficient insulin production
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Cancer
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uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
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Americans With Disabilities Act
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prohibits discrimination against the disabled
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Hypertension
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high blood pressure
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Atherosclerosis
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hardening and narrowing of the arteries
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Auto immune disease
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diseases in which the body attacks itself
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Mental retardation
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1. Down syndrome 2. Fragile X syndrome
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Remission
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improvement or absence of signs of disease
