question

List the 5 major functions of the Skeletal System

answer

Movement, Support, Mineral Homeostasis, Blood Cell Production, Energy Storage, Protection

question

How many bones are there (normally) in your skeleton?

answer

206

question

List the groups of bones that make up the:

answer

Axal: head, neck, trunk Appendicular: ribs, bones of arms, shoulders, legs, pelvis

question

A. Appendicular Skeleton

answer

bones of arms, shoulders, legs, pelvis limbs and bones connecting the limbs to the: -Pectoral girdle (scapula & clavicle) - upper limbs (arms). -Pelvic girdle (coxal bones) -Lower limbs(legs)

question

B. Axial Skeleton

answer

head, neck, trunk -Skull and hyoid bone(upper neck, under jaw, mandible) -Vertebral Column(spine/backbone) -Thoracic cage (rib cage-12 pairs) -Sternum

question

Name and describe the 5 major parts of a long bone

answer

diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary, endosteum

question

What is the membrane lining the medullary cavity called?

answer

endosteum

question

What is the proper term for a skeletal joint?

answer

articulations

question

Name the 2 types of marrow and tell what each does.

answer

Red Marrow- mainly in spongy bone in adults. Produces blood cells Yellow Marrow- fat storage. Replaces much of the red marrow in diaphysis through childhood

question

Give the proper names for the two types od bone tissue and tell where each is found:

answer

Compact Bone (cortical)- wall of the diaphysis, solid, strong, continuous matrix. ◦Concentric ring structure called Osteon Spongy Bone (cancellous)- found in epiphysis. Covered with a thin layer of compact bone. Many branching, bony "plates" called trabeculae. Made up of osteocytes and intercellular material... no canals. ◦Trabeculae: lamellae arranged in an irregular latticework of thin plates. ⚫Spaces between trabeculae may contain red bone marrow. ⚫Receive nourishment from the blood flowing through the spaces, therefore osteons are not needed

question

Describe each of the following (label on a diagram)

answer

...

question

Osteocyte

answer

●Mature bone cells that are derived from osteoblasts. ●These are the principal cells of bone tissue - Housed in the Lacunae ●No mitotic potential. ●No longer secrete matrix. ●Osteocytes maintain daily cellular activities of bone tissue. ◦Exchange of nutrients, wastes, and blood.

question

Osteoblast

answer

"bone, germinate" ●These cells form bone, but have lost the ability to divide. ●Secrete the matrix materials. ●Osteoblasts are found on the surfaces of bone, but then surround themselves with matrix materials. ●They become entrapped in their secretions and become osteocyte

question

Osteoclast

answer

"broken bone" ●Settle on the surface of bone and function in bone resorption (destruction of matrix) ◦Derived from white blood cell fusion in the bone marrow ◦Have a brush border of microvilli that degrades bone. ◦Important in growth, maintenance, and repair.

question

Lacunae

answer

small spaces between the lamellae. These contain osteocytes.

question

Haversian Canal

answer

vertically canal and contains blood vessels

question

Volkmann's Canal

answer

canals in which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves penetrate from the medullary cavity and periosteum. (Horizontal)

question

Canaliculi

answer

tiny canals radiating in all directions, connect lacunae to lacunae ⚫Provide nourishment and oxygen to reach osteocytes.

question

Haversian System

answer

Osteon (Haversian system) ◦Cylinder shaped unit - Found in compact bone ◦central canal, lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes and canaliculi. ◦Central Canal ⚫Haversian Canal: vertically canal and contains blood vessels. ⚫Volksmann's Canals: canals in which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves penetrate from the medullary cavity and periosteum. (Horizontal)

question

What bones are considering intramembranous?

answer

Skull, mandible, and clavicle. Form from mesenchyme.

question

What bones are considering endochondral?

answer

Begin as masses of cartilage that are later replaced by bone tissue.

question

Bones grow in thickness by the activity of

answer

the cartilage model grows in width by the addition of more matrix. ⚫This is a result of new chondroblasts that develop from the Perichondrium.

question

Name and describe the 3 major types of joints. give examples.

answer

1. Synarthrotic - immoveable joint, such as bones in the skull, these junctions are called SUTURES. - Fibrous Joints ●2. Amphiarthrotic - slightly moveable joint, vertebrae - Cartilaginous Joints ●3. Diarthrotic - freely moveable joint, such as shoulders, hips, knees, elbows, wrists, fingers ◦these joints are enclosed within a fibrous capsule which contains a lubricating fluid called Synovial fluid. These are called Synovial Joints.

question

Identify the major bones of the skull (label on diagram)

answer

...

question

Name and locate the 4 major sutures.

answer

●1. Coronal - between frontal and parietal bones 2. Lambdoidal - between occipital and parietal bones 3. Squamosal - between temporal and parietal bones 4. Sagittal - between parietal bones ●Fontanels - "soft spots" of an infant's skull - anterior fontanel, posterior fontanel, sphenoid fontanel, mastoid fontanel

question

Name and locate the 4 fontanels

answer

"soft spots" of an infant's skull - anterior fontanel, posterior fontanel, sphenoid fontanel, mastoid fontanel Foramen Magnum - Large opening through the underside of the skull, spinal cord enters skull

question

Describe each of the following:

answer

....

question

Epiphyseal Disk

answer

◦In growing bone, it's the region that includes the epiphyseal plate where cartilage is replaced by bone. ⚫Hyaline cartilage remains between the diaphysis and epiphysis, epiphyseal plate: responsible for lengthening a bone. The cartilage cells of the epiphyseal plate occur in four layers

question

Foramen Magnum

answer

- Large opening through the underside of the skull, spinal cord enters skull

question

True rib

answer

first seven pairs, attach directly to STERNUM by costal cartilage (Vertebralsternal)

question

False rib

answer

last five pairs (Vertebrochondral)

question

Floating rib

answer

last two pairs (Vertebral)

question

Coxal Bone

answer

Two large bones called

question

Calcaneus

answer

Largest is the heel bone called the

question

Carpals

answer

Wrist - 8 small bones called

question

Tarsals

answer

◦Largest is the heel bone called the CALCANEOUS ◦Toes - Metatarsals, Phalanges

question

Pectoral Girdle

answer

●Shoulder. Two clavicles (collar bones) and two scapula (shoulder blade) (scapula & clavicle) - upper limbs (arms)

question

Pelvic Girdle

answer

(coxal bones) -Lower limbs(legs) ●Hips. Two large bones called COXAL BONES

question

Bones of the arm

answer

Upper arm - humerus. ● Lower arm - radius and ulna. ◦Wrist - 8 small bones called carpals ◦Fingers - Metacarpals, Phalanges

question

Name and describe the 5 major parts of compact bone

answer

osteon, haversian canal, volksmann's canal, concentric lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, interstitial lamellae

Study Guide-Skeletal System – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards