Study Guide Mendelian Genetics
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What is the scientific study of heredity?
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Genetics
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What is the allele for a recessive trait represented by?
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a lower case letter
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If there is two capital or lower case letters together, what is this pair of alleles called?
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homozygous or pure
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What is the genotype of an organism that has at least one capital letter?
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heterozygous or hybrid
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What is the physical appearance of an individual for a specific trait called?
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phenotype
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When an individual expresses both the dominant and recessive traits at the same time the alleles are said to be?
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codominant
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Who is the \"father\" of genetics?
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Gregor Mendel
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What law states the alleles of a gene separate from each other during the formation of gametes?
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Law of Independence Assortment
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What does the genotype look like for an individual that is heterozygous for tallness?
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Tt
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What type of plants did Mendel study?
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pea plants
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What is the device called that is used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses?
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punnett square
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What is wrong with a person who has hemophilia?
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There blood doesn't clot
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What is a sex-linked trait?
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Gametes
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What does the genotype look like for a person that is homozygous recessive for a trait?
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two lower case letters
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What does the genotype look like for pure-breeding plant?
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Both capital or both lower case letters
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What is a pedigree?
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is a chart of genetic history of a family over several generations
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What does the law of dominance state?
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Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
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Why did Mendel choose pea plants as the organism to study in his experiments?
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-produces lots of offspring -grows quickly -easy to grow
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Why is it uncommon for a woman to have a sex-linked genetic disorder, such as hemophilia?
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because one X hides the other !
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What's homozygous?
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organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait
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What's heterozygous?
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organisms that have 2 different alleles for the same trait
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Whats a genotype?
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genetic makeup of an organism
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If males are affected in the pedigree it is?
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x-linked
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If it is 50/50 ratio between men & women the disorder is?
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autosomal
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if the disorder is ___ one of the parents must have the disorder
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dominant
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if the disorder is ___ neither parent has to have the disorder because they can be heterozygous for the trait
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recessive
