question

Which term refers to the social, psychological, and cultural attributes of men and women?

answer

B. gender

question

Gender is best understood as what type of status?

answer

A. achieved

question

Ethologists study:

answer

C. animal behavior

question

Sociobiologists take the position that social behavior in people:

answer

C. has a genetic basis

question

Critics of sociobiology assert that:

answer

D. it is not valid to generalize from animal to human behavior

question

What are finding regarding heart attacks and gender?

answer

D. all of the above

question

_______ is much more common among women than men.

answer

D. All of the above

question

Which of the following is true of the American medical community's historical treatment of women?

answer

D. all of the above

question

In her pioneering research, Margaret Mead found that:

answer

E. male and female behavior varied greatly due to differing cultural expectations.

question

Murdock's study of preliterate societies found that females were usually engaged in:

answer

B. gathering food

question

Most sociologists agree that:

answer

B. biological factors have some influence, but cultural factors are more important determinants of gender roles.

question

A patriarchal ideology is:

answer

D. the belief that men are superior to women and should control all aspects of society.

question

What did Comte, the founder of modern sociology, write about women?

answer

A. Women are the mental and physical inferiors of men.

question

Patriarchal ideology:

answer

C. declares inherent male superiority.

question

In traditional India, women are cut off from the outside world because they:

answer

A. are considered strongly erotic and therefore threatening.

question

Functionalists argue that:

answer

A. the division of labor between men and women is efficient in preindustrial societies.

question

Functionalists argue that the family functions best when:

answer

A. the father assumes the instrumental role and the mother the expressive role.

question

Critics of the functionalist view of gender argue that:

answer

C. cross-cultural studies show that gender stratification is not inevitable.

question

According to the functionalist model of the modern family, males are expected to be:

answer

A. dominant

question

According to conflict theories:

answer

E. both b and c

question

What factor does a conflict theorist see as the basis for gender inequality?

answer

B. economics

question

Engles stated that:

answer

D. only socialism could eliminate gender inequality.

question

The lifelong process whereby people learn the values, attitudes, motivations, and behavior considered appropriate for each sex in their culture is known as:

answer

A. gender-role socialization

question

Research indicates that a core gender identity seems to be established:

answer

C. by the second or third year

question

According to Erik Erikson, the most important task in adolescent socialization is:

answer

C. establishing a sense of identity

question

Traditionally, adolescent girls have been rewarded for their:

answer

B. marriage goals

question

Social psychologist Erik Erikson argued that in Western society it is more difficult for girls than boys to:

answer

A. achieve a positive identity

question

In adolescent socialization, boys are:

answer

A. encouraged to compete and be prepared for occupational roles.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of the way women use language, according to the research of Deborah Tannen?

answer

C. Women are acutely aware of the status differences implied in the speaking styles.

question

Jobs dominated by women emphasize which cultural behavior?

answer

B. nurturance

question

Today, approximately what percent of all American women are in the paid labor force?

answer

D. 60%

question

In traditional Hinduism in India:

answer

E. all of the above

question

Which of the following is a profession dominated by women?

answer

D. all of the above

question

compared with working men, working women:

answer

D. all of the above

question

On the average, women with college degrees earn:

answer

E. substantially less than men with college diplomas.

question

Women earn less than men in:

answer

E. almost every occupation

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways women experience discrimination in the business world?

answer

C. Women are fired more often than men.

question

In which areas do women outnumber men?

answer

D. both a and b

question

If men own and control more private property than women, the result is that:

answer

A. men will politically and socially dominate women

question

The main cause of medical science dedicating more equal study to women's issues is:

answer

B. changes in federal law making it illegal to exclude women from medical research.

question

In the United States, the number of "traditional" families (married couples with children) has been:

answer

C. decreasing steadily

question

Which of the following is a function of the family?

answer

E. all of the above

question

Which of the following statements regarding the family's regulation of sexual behavior is correct?

answer

D. all of the above

question

The family is best suited to socialize young children because:

answer

B. family members are most knowledgeable of the child's abilities and needs

question

Attitudes toward religious intermarrigate:

answer

B. vary somewhat from one religious group to another

question

A nuclear family consists of:

answer

B. a husband-wife pair and their dependent children.

question

Which marriage pattern allows a man to have more than one wife?

answer

D. polygyny

question

Dwayne and Katrina are a married couple. They have two children and live with Katrina's brother's family. This is an example of what type of family?

answer

A. extended

question

Tracing you kinship through your father and other males in the family is an example of what type of kinship?

answer

D. patrilineal

question

Through what type of relationship do most American families trace descent?

answer

E. bilateral

question

The rise in the matriarchal families in America is due in large part to:

answer

A. the rise of single-parent families headed by mothers

question

Marriage is:

answer

D. all of the above

question

Which of the following is NOT a feature of marriage in all societies?

answer

C. romantic love as an important characteristic of the relationship

question

A young couple lives with wife's family. This is an example of:

answer

C. matrilocal residence

question

Which of the following is a feature of romantic love?

answer

E. all of the above

question

The family created by a marriage union is called a(n):

answer

B. family of procreation

question

In the society where Oscar lives, members are encouraged to marry someone within their cultural economic and religious group. This is an example of:

answer

D. endogamy

question

Tina is from a social group that encourages its members to marry people from different cultural and social backgrounds. This group uses the rule of:

answer

E. exogamy

question

The marriage pattern that provides for on spouse at a time for each member is called:

answer

B. monogamy

question

The reason polygamy occurs relatively infrequently is that:

answer

C. it is expensive and only a few can afford it.

question

Which is the most common pattern of marriage in the world today?

answer

E. monogamy

question

Joel and Rachel marry and take up residence away from their relatives. What type of residence is this?

answer

C. neolocal

question

Jose and Melinda have just been married. they are expected to settle down within or near Jose's father's household. What type of residential pattern is this?

answer

E. patrilocal

question

Which type of residence occurs when a married couple may choose whether to live with the husband's or wife's family of origin?

answer

c. bilocal

question

Homogamy refers to:

answer

C. the tendency to choose a spouse with a similar social and cultural background.

question

Len and Ramona are both teachers. They grew up in the same city and are about the same age. They teach at the same school and spend a lot of time together, which eventually results in dating. Should they marry, we would characterize their relationship as:

answer

B. homogamy

question

Kenneth and Elaine are a young American couple about to be married for the first time. It is likely that:

answer

A. Kenneth and Elaine will be about the same age, with Kenneth being slightly older

question

If mate selection were random:

answer

A. African Americans would be more likely to marry whites than other African Americans

question

Over the last forty years, the median age at first marriage in the United States has:

answer

C. risen

question

Interracial marriage in the United States:

answer

D. has risen slightly over the past twenty years.

question

The most common type of interracial marrige in the United States involves a marrigate between a:

answer

B. white man and nonwhite woman who is not African American.

question

Interracial marriages in the United States are more likely to involve:

answer

D. all of the above

question

By far the state with the highest percentage of interracial marriages is:

answer

A. Hawaii

question

Social status homogamy in the United States is maintained by:

answer

D. all of the above

question

Industrial society requires a family structure that allows for:

answer

D. all of the above

question

The Industrial Revolution:

answer

B. encouraged the formation of isolated nuclear families.

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the nuclear family as it evolved in early 20th-century industrial society?

answer

D. increased links with kinship networks

question

How does the marriage rate at the end of World War II compare with today's marriage rate?

answer

A. It is higher

question

World War II affected the structure of the American family by:

answer

A. encouraging women to enter the work force.

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the significant changes in the family that has occurred in the past 25 years?

answer

E. The divorce rate has fallen by half

question

About what percent of high school seniors think cohabitation is a good idea before getting married?

answer

D. 62%

question

In 2010, the number of divorces per 1,000 people was:

answer

C. 3.6

question

Today, approximately what percent of single-person households consist of the elderly?

answer

A. 39%

question

What percentage of all household in the United States consist of husband and wife?

answer

B. less than 50%

question

In 2010, nearly 41% of all births in the United States were to:

answer

A. unmarried women.

question

Households of gay and lesbian couples:

answer

D. face problems similar to heterosexual households, including insurance, benefits, and parenting.

question

In regard to the divorce rate and remarriage:

answer

A. the majority of people who divorce eventually remarry

question

Which of the following is not one of the patterns of homogamy in the U.S.?

answer

E. family of origin

question

Why doesn't the high divorce rate produce a crisis in the reproduction of society?

answer

A. most people remarry and successfully raise their children

question

What is the relationship between divorce and social visibility?

answer

C. The more visible divorce has become, the more socially acceptable it is as a model.

question

In the United States, the coordinated national policy toward education for the gifted is called:

answer

C. There is no national policy for the education of the gifted.

question

According to the functionalist view, which of the following is NOT a function of education?

answer

B. screening and tracking students

question

The introduction of African American and women's history into our schools resulted largely from:

answer

B. political activism

question

Proponents of bilingual education argue that it:

answer

C. eases the transition of non-English-speaking children into the all-English mainstream.

question

What was the basic message of the report titled "A Nation At Risk?"

answer

D. It attacked the effectiveness of the American educational system.

question

The back-to-basics movement:

answer

A. focuses more on the fundamentals

question

The "back-to-basics" movement has improved:

answer

B. the scores of the lowest level-students.

question

Today the scientific research in the United States is:

answer

C. primarily supported by corporate and government funding.

question

The single most important factor contributing to continuing innovation in American society is the:

answer

C. performance of high-caliber academic and research universities.

question

Which of the following is a latent function of education?

answer

A. providing child care

question

One of the latent functions of the education system in the United States is:

answer

D. all of the above

question

Since 1980, the majority of college students have been:

answer

A. female

question

As of 2011, what is the approximate total enrollment in two and four year colleges in the United States?

answer

D. 19.7 million

question

The fastest growing group of college students is currently:

answer

B. people 25 years and older.

question

According to conflict theorists, schools:

answer

C. socialize students into values dictated by the powerful.

question

Conflict theorists refer to the social attitudes and values taught in school that prepare children to accept the requirements of adult life and to fit into the social, political, and economic statues the existing society provides as the:

answer

A. hidden curriculum

question

According to conflict theorists, America's educational system:

answer

B. encourages social conformity.

question

The stratification of students by ability, social class, and various other categories is referred to as:

answer

B. tracking

question

Dropping out of school affects the larger society because:

answer

E. all of the above

question

Nancy has been labeled a "slow learner." She is placed in classes along with other "slow learners" on the basis of various testing and evaluation procedures. This testing and placement is known as:

answer

C. tracking

question

Which of the following characterizes the "credentialized society?"

answer

D. all of the above

question

Manuel returned to school for certification in computer science despite the fact he has ten years of work experience in this field. Schooling will not affect his performance, but will get him a raise. This is an example of:

answer

E. the credentialized society

question

Jonathan Kozol went on a hunger strike to protest what he believed was the unfairness of:

answer

D. No Child Left Behind.

question

In Brown vs Board of Education decision in 1954, what did the United States Supreme court ban?

answer

A. de jure segregation.

question

Which of the following was NOT a conclusion of the Coleman report of 1966?

answer

D. The United States egalitarian beliefs counterbalance class inequalities in education.

question

The amount of money spent on education per pupil:

answer

C. cannot outweigh the influence of family background in students.

question

Which of the following is the most important factor in school achievement?

answer

B. the child's friends and family

question

Urban school segregation has been especially difficult to eliminate due to the phenomenon of:

answer

B. white flight from the central cities.

question

Which of the following is true with respect to home schooling?

answer

A. there is a self-selection factor because parents are highly motivated to bring quality education to their children

question

When the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, "In the field of public education, the doctrine of separate but equal has no place," what was NOT addressed?

answer

C. de facto segregation and white flight

question

Since the mid-1980s, the number of black undergraduates attending American colleges and universities has:

answer

C. not increased appreciably.

question

Approximately what percent of the nation's white students attend central-city schools?

answer

A. 3%

question

The term "white flight" refers to the:

answer

A. movement of white Americans to suburbs

question

Regarding racial segregation and education, today it is generally agreed that:

answer

C. no significant progress on desegregation in urban areas has been made.

question

Many minority students do not apply to college because:

answer

E. their families cannot afford to pay tution

question

Which of the following helps explain the low college graduation rates of minorities?

answer

B. They are poorly prepared and perceive themselves as not welcome

question

Which factor(s) influences the educational success of foreign-born children?

answer

C. parental income, parents; educational attainment, and age of entry

question

The goal of _______ is to teach academic subjects to immigrant children in their native languages at the same time as they learn English.

answer

D. bilingual education

question

Approximately what percent of children aged give to 17 in the United States speak a language other than English at home?

answer

C. 14%

question

Over the past 90 years, the percentage of Americans in the adult population who have not completed high school has:

answer

B. decreased substantially

question

High school dropout rates are higher among:

answer

C. racial and ethnic minorities

question

Which of the following is associated with dropping out of high school?

answer

B. low family income and speaking a foreign language at home

question

In a nation built by immigrants, which function of education became more important than family of place of origin?

answer

A. cultural transmission

question

What percent of male students in grades 9 through 12 report being threatened or injured with a weapon in school property?

answer

B. 10%

question

Which of the following is one of educator John H. Holt's findings to support home schooling?

answer

D. The best learning takes place when children are allowed to pursue their own interests

question

To guard against bias in standardized test construction, the Educational Testing Services hires:

answer

C. staff, teachers, college students, and professors

question

A new immigrant family with Spanish-speaking children going to public schools in the U.S. for the first time should make sure which of the following is available?

answer

A. bilingual education

question

What is the difference between de jure and de facto segregation?

answer

E. De jure is by law and de facto is what factually exists.

question

What is the pattern of high school dropouts in the U.S. over the last century?

answer

A. The dropout pattern has declined overall.

question

Florida and Illinois depend on which of the following to offer wider opportunities for home schooling?

answer

A. Internet-based education

question

Compared to traditional societies, in modern industrial society, no distinction is made between education and socialization.

answer

False

question

Most experts would argue American schools have been successful in quipping children with the academic skills needed to function effectively in society.

answer

False

question

An important latent function of the American education system is to slow the entry of young adults into the job market.

answer

True

question

The enrollment of older, non-traditional students has been a major factor in the ability of colleges to maintain student numbers.

answer

True

question

According to conflict theorists, the hidden curriculum of schooling subtly promotes creativity and imagination.

answer

False

question

Conflict theorists argue that in order to succeed in school, students must learn both the official and the hidden curriculum.

answer

True

question

Conflict theorists argue the most important aspect of obtaining a degree from Harvard, Yale, or another lite college is that it is a guarantee that a person has received quality training.

answer

False

question

When children in the United States attend neighborhood schools today, they are usually taught in an environment that is racially segregated.

answer

True

question

According to the findings of the Coleman report, the amount of money spent on education per pupil has a significant impact on students' academic success or failure.

answer

False

question

De facto segregation is a result of residential patterns.

answer

True

Study Guide Four Chapters: 11,12,14 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards