Study Guide for Module 5 – Biology – Flashcards
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Matter
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Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Model
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An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen
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Element
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A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons
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Molecules
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Chemicals that result from atoms linking together
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Physical Change
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A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance.
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Chemical Change
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A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance
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Phase
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One of three forms- solid, liquid, or gas- which every substance is capable of attaining.
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Diffusion
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The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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Concentration
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A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent
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Semipermeable membrane
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A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through
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Osmosis
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The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration
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Catalyst
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A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process.
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Organic Molecule
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A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorous
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Biosynthesis
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The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones
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Isomers
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Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
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Monosaccharides
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Simple carbohydrates that contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms
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Disaccharides
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Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides
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Polysaccharides
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Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
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Dehydration Reaction
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A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water
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Hydrolysis
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Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
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Hydrophobic
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Lacking affinity for water, water hating
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Saturated Fat
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A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms
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Unsaturated Fat
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A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms
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Peptide Bond
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A bond that links amino acids together in a protein.
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Hydrogen Bond
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A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules.
