question

A cup-shaped rubber device that fits over the cervix and can be left in place for several days is the:

answer

cervical cap

question

Which of the following does NOT require initial placement by a physician?

answer

female condom

question

Sperm remain capable of fertilization inside the woman's body for up to ___.

answer

up to 1 week

question

Basal body temperature is:

answer

all of the above

question

The principal sterilization procedure for women is:

answer

tubal ligation

question

Explain the difference between fertility control and birth control.

answer

Fertility control is measured on the failure rate of women likely to become pregnant using a particular method for a year. Birth control preventing unwanted pregnancy using by contraception.

question

The principal method of abortion, done primarily within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, is:

answer

D & C

question

Mifepristone is:

answer

considered a medical abortion

question

Options for emergency contraception include:

answer

insertion of an IUD within 5 days of unprotected intercourse

question

Medical abortions using drugs such as RU486:

answer

are safe up to 2 months of pregnancy

question

What are the two synthetic hormones that are present in combination hormonal contraceptives?

answer

estrogen and progesterone

question

What are four different types of barrier methods available?

answer

Diaphragm, the cervical cap, the contraceptive sponge and vaginal spermicides.

question

Failure rate refers to:

answer

likelihood of becoming pregnant if using a birth control method for one year

question

Which of the following can be effectively treated with antibiotics?

answer

Syphilis

question

The most common symptom of trichomoniasis is:

answer

cheesy, odorous discharge from the vagina

question

In nearly half of the cases of gonorrhea, what other STD is also present?

answer

Chlamydia

question

______ make up 90% of those infected with HIV worldwide.

answer

The economically disadvantaged

question

Which type of contraceptive method involves long acting synthetic progtesterone injected intramuscularly every 3 months?

answer

Depo-Provera

question

___ is the major cause of cervical cancer.

answer

HPV

question

Describe four side effects of using contraceptives. Two of these should be minor and two should be major.

answer

Two minor side effect are weight gain and breast tenderness. Two major side effects are ectopic pregnancy and heavier menstrual flow or menstrual cramps.

question

When individuals first become infected with HIV, within a few weeks they usually experience

answer

flu-like symptoms.

question

In general, a woman is most fertile ______ days before her next period.

answer

14

question

Oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy by____.

answer

Inhibiting ovulation, inhibiting implantation, and changing cervical mucous.

question

Women most at risk when using the Pill are those who are over ___ years old and smoke.

answer

35

question

Which of the following STDs is caused by a virus?

answer

Hepatitis B

question

Which of the following STDs is caused by a bacteria?

answer

Gonorrhea

question

____ is the most commonly reported STD, even more prevalent than HIV/AIDS.

answer

Chlamydia

question

Explain the four common symptoms of addictions.

answer

Compulsion 1.Obsessive thinking Drug seeking Drug hoarding 2. Loss of control over the drug use & loss of behavior Impulsive actions Verbal or physical violence Impulsive physical behavior 3.Continued drug use despite adverse consequences 4.Distortion in normal thinking/denial

question

A medical reason for not taking a drug is called a ____.

answer

contraindicate

question

Being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming is the definition of ______.

answer

habituation

question

____ causes a feeling of self-confidence and closeness to others.

answer

Ecstasy

question

______ produces more unwanted and dangerous symptoms than any other psychoactive drug.

answer

PCP

question

Most drugs remain active in the body for a few:

answer

hours

question

Using any drug to the point where health is adversely affected or the ability to function is impaired is:

answer

drug abuse

question

Adaptation of the body to a drug so that increasingly larger doses are needed is called:

answer

tolerance

question

A stimulant obtained from the leaves of a plant indigenous to the Peruvian Andes is:

answer

cocaine

question

Withdrawal symptoms are:

answer

opposite of the drug's main effect

question

A drug found in many cold remedies and analgesics is:

answer

caffeine

question

The most widely used and abused stimulant drug is:

answer

caffeine

question

The principal psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is:

answer

THC

question

Side effects of anabolic steroids include:

answer

all of the above

question

Give two examples of stimulants and two of depressants.

answer

cocaine, nicotine, oxycotin, alcohol

question

Give three examples of club drugs.

answer

Ecstasy, Ketamine, GHB

question

Explain the difference between a drug and a medicine?

answer

drugs alters perception, medicine aids in healing

question

Most of the physiological effects of tobacco smoking are attributable to:

answer

nicotine

question

Which of the following is not a physiological effect of nicotine?

answer

depressant effect on the CNS

question

Any substance that can cause cancer is a/an:

answer

carcinogen

question

Bronchitis and emphysema are classified as:

answer

COPD

question

Emphysema is:

answer

caused by destruction of lung's air sacs

question

The rate of absorption of alcohol in the body is:

answer

slowed by the presence of fatty foods in the stomach

question

What will increase the rate of detoxification?

answer

nothing can increase the rate of detoxification

question

The fastest way to sober up is to:

answer

none of the above

question

One of the physiological effects of alcohol is:

answer

irritation of the gastrointestinal tract

question

Alcoholism develops from a prealcoholic phase, in which a person needs alcohol to:

answer

relieve tension and anxieties

question

Periods in which the drinker appears to be fully conscious, but has no recall of events that occurred while he/she was drinking are called:

answer

blackouts

question

Alcoholism usually develops:

answer

in three phases: the warning phase, the crucial phase, and the chronic phase

question

Name and describe the three phases of alcoholism.

answer

The Warning phase 1.Increased tolerance 2.Preoccupied with drinking i.e. base decisions on whether or not alcohol is present 3.may deny drinking 4.blackouts no recall of acts or actions

question

Explain what a process addiction is and why it is an addiction.

answer

Process addiction is an addiction to an activity or process, such as eating, spending money, or gambling. The common factor is dopamine release

question

Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone _______.

answer

testerone

question

Withdrawal symptoms occur with drugs that produce

answer

physical dependence

question

Drugs work by binding to

answer

receptors

question

Withdrawal symptoms occur with drugs that produce

answer

psychoactive substances

question

Drugs work by binding to

answer

ethyl

question

About 20% of alcohol consumed is absorbed by the stomach and the rest is absorbed through the _____.

answer

small intestine

question

Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of nicotine?

answer

depressant effect on the central nervous system

question

Side effects of anabolic steroids include

answer

all of the above

question

Any organism that can produce a disease is called a:

answer

Pathogen

question

Anything that can produce a cancer is called a:

answer

Carcinogen

question

Which of the following is an example of a vector?

answer

Mosquito

question

Cancer of the skin or of the membranes surrounding body organs is called:

answer

Carcinoma

question

The germ theory of disease was established by:

answer

Louis Pasteur

question

Blood cells that fight infection are:

answer

Leukocytes

question

In the United States, about 30% of the population is infected with H. pylori, which can cause:

answer

Ulcers

question

Cancer that originates in connective tissue is called:

answer

Sarcoma

question

The principal agents of immune responses are:

answer

Antibodies and Lymphocytes

question

Specialized cells that attack foreign substances upon recognizing the foreign surface antigens are called:

answer

T-Lymphocytes

question

B-lymphocytes are responsible for:

answer

Manufacturing Antibodies

question

The response of the B-cells is called:

answer

Humoral Immunity

question

Most cancers are:

answer

Carcinomas

question

T-cells work by:

answer

Attaching directly to invading cells and making them active

question

Vaccines work by injecting specific proteins from inactive pathogens to cause:

answer

Production of antibodies against the disease

question

What childhood vaccinations are recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention?

answer

All of the above

question

List and describe the four types of cancer.

answer

Sarcoma, Carcinoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma

question

Autoimmune diseases are the result of:

answer

Antibodies attacking the body's own cells

question

What are the three classes of environmental agents that are shown to increase the risk of cancer?

answer

Ionizing Radiation, Chemical Carcinogens, Tumor Viruses

question

Which autoimmune disease destroys the covering of axons of the central nervous system?

answer

Multiple Sclerosis

question

People with type A blood:

answer

Cannot receive the B Blood

question

People with type O blood are:

answer

Universal donors

question

A person with type A blood cannot donate blood to a person who has type B blood because:

answer

Type A blood will stimulate production of antibodies, which will then destroy cells

question

Why does the flu vaccine developed each year not always work?

answer

Due to the many different strands of the virus.

question

In Stage ___, cancer cells have spread throughout the body.

answer

lll

question

A tumor that is noncancerous is said to be____.

answer

Benign

question

The process of detachment from an original site of cancer to other locations in the body is:

answer

Metastasis

question

The most common forms of contagious diseases are caused by ___.

answer

Viruses

question

Disease resistance is lowered by___

answer

All of the above

question

The _______ virus is the cause of mononucleosis.

answer

epstein-barr

question

Name three organs of the lymphatic system.

answer

Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Tonsils, Skin, others

question

The HIV virus is a retrovirus. Explain what is unique about retroviruses as a category.

answer

Retroviruses have the ability to mutate easily due to their instability and need for survival. The constant mutation makes them difficult to control and/or destroy. Retroviruses also transcribe themselves from RNA to DNA.

question

List and explain the ABCDs of melanoma.

answer

ABCD's Asymmetry One half of mole looks different than the other Border irregularities Ragged/indistinct edges Color Uneven pigmentation Diameter Larger than a pencil diameter and/or is increasing in size

question

Explain what the difference is between the immune system and the immune response.

answer

The immune system is a system of anatomical structures which act/respond to pathogenic attack. The immune response utilizes its structures to destroy pathogenic invasion.

question

What role does cholesterol play in coronary heart disease?

answer

Cholesterol attaches itself to internal heart structures, eventually causing blockages.

question

Diet restriction appears to allow experimental laboratory animals to live longer.

answer

true

question

A variety of conditions that damage the heart or the coronary arteries is known as:

answer

cardiovascular disease.

question

Stoppage, whether long or short term, of blood supply is Partial blockage of the coronary arterial supply is:

answer

ischemia.

question

Mortality rates due to cardiovascular disease have____________ over the past 24 years.

answer

decreased

question

The blood vessels that supply oxygen to the tissues of the body are the:

answer

arteries.

question

The sinoatrial node is:

answer

the heart's pacemaker.

question

Erratic contraction of the heart is:

answer

fibrillation.

question

Angina pectoris refers to:

answer

severe chest pain caused by insufficient delivery of oxygen to the heart muscle.

question

A fatty deposit formed in an arterial wall is called:

answer

plaque.

question

A technique for opening blocked arteries that involves inflating a balloon in the arteries is:

answer

angioplasty.

question

Which is not a controllable risk factor for a stroke or a heart attack?

answer

Heredity

question

The maximum pressure in the arteries that occurs when the heart contracts is called:

answer

systole

question

To maintain the health of heart and arteries, the best nutritional course to follow is:

answer

eat a variety of natural, uncooked fruits and vegetables

question

Reactive molecules in the cells that result from exposure to radiation and chemicals are:

answer

free radicals

question

In addition to consuming adequate amounts of calcium, it is also important to _____________ to prevent the onset of osteoporosis.

answer

exercise

question

The third stage in the process of death and dying is:

answer

bargaining

question

Severe chest pain due to reduced oxygen flow to the heart is called

answer

angina pectoris.

question

The "bad" type of cholesterol found in the bloodstream is known as:

answer

low-density lipoprotein.

question

What is the most common form of dementia in older adults?

answer

Alzheimer's disease

question

Which of the following is not a factor in preventing osteoporosis?

answer

exercise

question

In the body, blood depleted of oxygen returns to the ___.

answer

right atrium

question

____ is the act of helping a person on the verge of death or in a coma to die a peaceful, painless death.

answer

Euthanasia

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the theories that describes aging as a consequence of random events?

answer

Pacemaker or Biological Clock

question

Explain the difference between hospice care and palliative care?

answer

Palliative care is a newly recognizes branch of medicine where you can go to relieve pain and this enhance the quality of life that remains. Hospice care is where terminally ill patient go to spend the time they have left before dying. They care to their physical need, emotional and spiritual but don't administer anymore medication.

question

Explain what is meant by the "graying" of America.

answer

How I understood "graying" of America is that people are actually living longer and because of this it is placing a strain on health care, social security, education, voting pattern, and elder care.

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