Stone Ages/Early Cul Stone Ages and Early Cultures – Flashcards
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prepositions starting with W
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with, within, without
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Prehistory
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the time before there was writing
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How long ago was writing invented?
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about 5,000 years ago
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To study prehistory, we rely on the work of _____________ and ____________.
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archaeologists and anthropologists
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Hominid
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early ancestor of humans
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"Lucy" was found in 1974 by Donald Johanson. What can you tell me about Lucy.
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Lucy is believed to have lived more than 3 million years ago. Johanson could tell Lucy could walk on 2 legs. This was a key step in human development.
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What give us information about early humans and their ancestors?
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discoveries of ancient bones
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Homo habilis means....
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"handy man"
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Who were closely related to modern humans because they had a larger brain (about half the size of modern humans)?
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homo habilis
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Homo erectus means....
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"upright man"
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Who used stone tools like the hand ax and learned to control fire?
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homo erectus
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Homo sapiens means....
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"wise man"
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Who are the same as modern humans?
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homo sapiens
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How many periods was The Stone Age divided into?
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3
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Each period of The Stone Age was based on what?
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The kind of tools used at the time
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Tool
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any handheld object that has been modified to help a person accomplish a task
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Paleolithic Era
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the 1st part of The Stone Age
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How long did the Paleolithic Era last?
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about 10,000 years
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What kind of tools were used duriing the Paleolithic Era?
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Stone tools mainly to process food. (They made the edge of one side of the rock sharp or jagged.) Later, they began to make tools like a hand ax and spear for hunting.
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Society
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community of people who share a common culture
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Hunter-Gatherers
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people who hunted animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive
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What did the men do in Hunter-Gatherer societies?
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hunted
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What did the women do in Hunter-Gatherer societies?
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Gathered and stayed close to camp to take care of the children
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What was the most important development in the early Stone Age?
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Language
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What did language help people do?
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It was easier to hunt in groups. It allowed people to form relationships. It allowed people to resolve issues, like how to distribute food.
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How were cave paintings created?
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As part of a hunting lesson.
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Cave paintings may have been used to teach children how to identify what?
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What they are hunting
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People used what to express themselves, teach hunting, and teach religion?
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Cave paintings
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What was the Ice Age?
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A freezing time when huge sheets of ice covered most of the Earth's land.
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How long ago did the Ice Age end?
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about 10,000 years ago
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What did the Ice Age force people to do?
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To start moving
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Many people believe that ocean levels dropped and land bridges were exposed because of what?
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ice
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Land bridge
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a strip of land that connects 2 continents
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What do many scholars believe helped people to begin spreading all over the Earth?
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Land bridge
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What area was the last to be settled by early humans?
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South America
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Besides fire, what else did people in very cold areas do to stay protected?
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They learned to sew animal skins together to make clothing and they began making shelters
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What are pit houses?
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Pits in the ground covered by branches and leaves
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What did some people in Central Asia use to make their homes out of?
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Mammoth bones
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What did people in Central Asia use mammoth bones to make their homes?
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Wood was scarce
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People moved from place to place for necessity and survival during which era? They also started to develop permanent settlements during this era.
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Paleolithic Era or Early Stone Age
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During what era did people learn to polish stones to make tools like saws and drills?
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Neolithic Era or the New Stone Age
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During which era did people learn to make fire?
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Neolithic Era or the New Stone Age
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The biggest change during the Neolithic Era (or New Stone Age) was what?
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How people produced food
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What new way did people learn to produce food during the Neolithic Era (or New Stone Age)?
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they learned to plant seeds themselves to grow their own crops
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What happened during the Neolithic Revolution?
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There was a shift from food gathering to food producing.
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What is domestication?
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A process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans. (Learning how to use animals for their own purpose was important.)
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What did domestication lead to?
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The development of agriculture or farming.
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What did farmers keep sheep and goats for?
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Milk, food, and wool.
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What were larger animals like cattle used for?
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To carry loads or to pull large tools used for farming.
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What improved peoples chances of survival during the Neolithic Revolution?
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Agriculture and farming
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What did people begin building during the Neolithic Revolution?
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permanent settlements
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What is another name for the New Stone Age?
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Neolithic Era
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What is another name for the Paleolithic Era?
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Early Stone Age
