Sports Management Part Two – Flashcards
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Which one does not describe the ways that players associations support players?
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Providing them with equipment and instruction to enable them to perform at the highest possible level
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When a sport management/marketing agency limits either the scope of services performed or the type of clients serviced, it is known as:
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a specialized agency
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The reserve system in Major League Baseball was:
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a rule that limited a free and open market for player
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A sport management/marketing agency is defined as:
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a business that represents the legal and marketing interests of athletes
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Octagon represents athletes such as Davis Love III (golf), runs events such as the Gravity Games, and consults with corporations on their sport sponsorship involvement among other activities. As such, Octagon is known as:
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a full-service agency
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The Joyce Julius agency quantifies the value of sponsorships by computing the amount of media exposure afforded a company's logos, displays, and signage. This is an example of what type of service?
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Market research
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The touring of star athletes and teams to promote the popularity of a particular sport were:
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called barnstorming tours
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A conflict of interest occurs most probably if:
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an agent's own interests are furthered over that of the athlete's interests
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Which one of the following companies is not currently one of the three (3) largest sport management companies?
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ProServ
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A collective bargaining agreement is:
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a contract for all players in the league
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What is the most likely unethical behavior to occur by agents in college athletics?
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Overly aggressive client recruitment
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The nuts and bolts of an event are described as the activities that take place within:
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tournament operations
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Ticket sales can be an effective way to generate revenue at what type of events?
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Larger events, such as the World Cup of Soccer
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Which of the following does not describe the functions performed by a sport agent?
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Negotiating the collective bargaining contract for the player or coach
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When a company such as Visa handles all of its sports-related activities internally, it is known as:
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an in-house agency
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A script; a specific, detailed, minute-by-minute schedule of activities throughout the day, is often used by event staff performing what function?
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Tournament operations
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One of the first agents to represent individual athletes and a pioneer of the sport marketing industry is:
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Mark McCormack
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IMG was originally formed to:
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locate endorsement opportunities for a professional golfer
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Who is often called the first sports agent?
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C.C. Pyle
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A television program's "share" represents:
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the percentage of television households watching television at the time
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When the Dayton Dragons opened their gates of their new field in April of 2000 with what the team dubbed the "world's largest outdoor billboard" they were using the strategy of:
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dominant identity
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Community relations activities are intended to
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create a benevolent reputation of the organization in the eyes of the public
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For the major professional sport leagues and associations, sponsorships involve:
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a variety of marketing-mix elements designed to send messages to a targeted audience
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________________ aim to encourage consumers to do something, such as buy tickets.
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Call-to-action ads
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Continuity promotions refer to the concept of:
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a series of promotions requiring fans to attend multiple games in order to obtain, for instance, each player card in a set or series
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CPM stands for:
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Cost Per Thousand
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Each year, Team Marketing Report (TMR) publishes its Fan Cost Index (FCI). The FCI measures:
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cost of taking a family of four to a game (including tickets, parking, concessions, and souvenir costs)
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One of the most effective sales promotion tools often used with a new product to induce consumers to try a product is:
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sampling
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A television programs "rating" represents:
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the percentage of television households in the survey universe tuned into the program
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______________ combines elements of computing, technology, telecommunications, and content to create products and services to be used interactively by consumers and business users.
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new media industry
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Sponsorship provides a company with all of the following except:
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opportunities to receive revenue back from the team or league based on success on the field/court
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The Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961:
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granted professional sports immunity from anti-trust actions regarding the pooling of broadcast rights
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______________________ is the attempt by a person or organization to benefit from editorial coverage.
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Publicity
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Return on investment (ROI) in the sport sponsorship world is defined as:
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meeting the company's specific marketing and sales objectives in some measurable way
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Sales in the sport industry have shifted from:
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a product-oriented approach to a consumer-oriented approach
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What two men dominated the growth of sport broadcasting in the 1960 and beyond?
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Roone Arledge and Alvin "Pete" Rozelle
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One element that distinguishes sport sales from the selling of other traditional consumer products or services is:
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the presence of emotion
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When trying to sell higher-priced inventory, such as luxury suites and sponsorship packages, the more successful approach is:
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personal selling
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Direct mail solicitations are advantageous in that they provide an opportunity to:
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measure the effectiveness of the direct mail campaign
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The "escalator concept" is used when the sport organization is participating in:
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up-selling
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When a sport organization wants to minimize expenses and reach only those people the organization wants to reach, they should use which sales method?
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direct mail solicitations
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_________________ contain all the statistical information and biographical information about two teams competing in a game, both from an individual and team perspective.
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media notes packages
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________________ sent via e-mail, as compared with printed newsletters, are generally less costly, easier to produce, more timely, and can include additional links to other Web-based information.
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electronic newsletters
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Perhaps no avenue within the sport industry holds more job opportunities, particularly at the entry level than:
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sales
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_________________ is information placed in the media by an identified sponsor that pays for the time or space. It is a controlled method of placing messages in the media.
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advertising
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The three disciplines Integrated Marketing Communications combines are?
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advertising, marketing, public relations
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The sales process within the sport industry today can be described as:
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a dynamic discipline
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__________________ is an interchange of information between two or more parties that has a specific purpose or goal.
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an interview
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Which of the following has been described as a watershed in the evolution of sport sponsorship?
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Los Angeles Olympic Games
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Direct participation in recreational sport includes:
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a mountain bike race
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The deconditioned market describes which of the following classifications?
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those who are completely inactive
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What one factor led to a decrease in consumer confidence of fitness clubs during the 1970s?
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High pressure sales tactics
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Formally organized athletic participation, particularly those programs run under the auspices of secondary educational institutions, emerged during what time period?
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During the mid-nineteenth century
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Following World War II, what was the immediate reaction by local governments in response to the recreation movement?
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The creation of local parks and recreation departments
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The Progressive Movement promoted athletics as a tool to:
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prepare for the rigors of modern life and democracy and to assimilate immigrants into American culture
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In professional sports, the Commissioner has discretionary power in all of the following areas except:
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resolution of disputes over player compensation
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Students interested in pursuing a position with student-athlete services in an athletic department may find coursework in which area helpful to their preparation?
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Educational counseling courses
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The importance of liability issues with health and fitness clubs has increased due to the passage of what piece of federal legislation?
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American with Disabilities Act
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The Native Americans played a game that the French Jesuit priests called:
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lacrosse
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Strikes are much more disruptive in pro sports than in mainstream business because:
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players have unique talents and cannot be replaced with temporary replacement workers
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Indirect participation in the recreational sport industry is attributed to:
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spectators
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This university president was a pioneer at the turn of the century in reforming college football and the number of deaths and injuries that were occurring.
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President MacCracken of New York University
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What two youth organizations are examples of an increased acceleration of the recreation movement in the early twentieth century?
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Girls Scouts and Boys Scouts
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The health club industry is dominated by which type of club?
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Commercial clubs
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The Generation X market refers to segment of the population that is between:
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18-34 year olds
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Under the new organizational structure of the NCAA which took effect in August 1997, which NCAA membership division possesses the most amount of "power" based on Executive Committee membership composition and voting power?
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Division I-A
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As financial circumstances for schools and leagues become more strained, these job areas are being asked to perform more fundraising activities:
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coaches and administrators
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The "power" schools during the initial collegiate athletic contests were the:
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Ivy League schools
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The initial collegiate athletic contests were:
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student-run events
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State athletic associations are:
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the organizing body for state championships and competitions
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What was the prevailing reason for the push for reform in college football in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
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The number of injuries and deaths occurring
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Predominantly, the largest expense item in a high school athletic budget is:
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coaches' salaries
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The Interscholastic Football Association was formed in 1888 by:
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students from several Boston-area public and private schools
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Competition for recruiting new memberships has had a ________ effect on fitness clubs.
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positive
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Cross-ownership is:
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defined as ownership of more than one sport franchise
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The response to an impasse in labor negotiations is usually:
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a strike or lockout
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Which American president is credited with the development of the National Parks system with the establishment of Yellowstone Park in 1872?
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Theodore Roosevelt
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During and immediately following World War I, schools sports for males were promoted as a tool to:
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train students for the armed forces
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Which initial national youth league organization was founded in 1939 as a three-team league?
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Little League Baseball
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The Intercollegiate Football Association was formed to regulate:
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playing and eligibility rules
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Which of the following is a true statement regarding women's participation in collegiate sports?
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The very first intercollegiate sport competition for women was in the sport of basketball in 1892, but the rules were changed from the men's game to make it more appropriate for women to play.
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Wakeboarding and snowboarding are outdoor activities that have undergone ________ in overall participation since 1990.
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an increase
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The first intercollegiate athletic contest was:
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organized and sponsored by a railroad company in order to enhance the company's business
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The NCAA took on its present day name in 1912. The birth of the NCAA, though, actually occurred in 1905 and the initial name of the organization was the:
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Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States
