Sports History Exam 1

-Scattered people with unified thought -Common bonds with language, trade, external threats, religion with Gods, all with human flaws -Dualism: Body and intellect are separate -Aristotle: Sound body, sound mind -Plato: Harmonious balance between mind and body -Prized honor and victory. -Greeks had no heaven, believed honorable citizens survived in memory -\"Heroic Era\" - 1400-1200 BCE -\"Dark Ages\" - 1200-800 BCE -Classical Period.. -First olympic games 776 BCE -\"Homer\" and the Epics c. 750 BCE -\"Golden Age\" 546-300 BCE

-Celebration of Greek Unity -Open to all and only Greeks -First games: 776 BCE -Games abolished 393 when Rome conquers Greece -Olympia was permanent site of the ancient games

-500-450 B.C -1st day= Religious ceremonies -2nd day= Equestrian, Pentathlon -3rd day= Religious ceremonies -4th day= Running, \"Heavy sports\" -5th day= Celebration, ceremonies -4 important points: preparation, amateurism and prizes, religion, the athletic class

-Founding 753 BCE -Republic: 510-31 BCE -Empire: 31 BCE-284 BCE -Roman sport was \"bread and circuses\" -Chariot racing, gladiatorial contests -Religious aspect declines, politics ascend -Team sports existed

-\"Victorian\" middle class -Family-centered, -prosperity and virtue hard work, sobriety, order

-Working class, urban, (Irish) single men -Gambling, drinking, saloons, sports, -Male bonding and work autonomy

-1785-1857 -Steamboat heir, sportman, promoter -1829's= leading horse owner -1831= establishes elysian fields -1851= NY Yacht Club and America

-Organization Formal, often local, regional & national -Rules Written, standardized, rational -Competition Hierarchy of local and national -Role Differentiation Specialized athletes, professionals emerge; spectators set apart from players -Public Information Reported through media, sporting press develops -Statistics & Records Kept, published and considered important

-1835 -Long distance walking and running was a big deal in the 1800s -$1000 to anyone that could run 10 miles in less than an hour -Henry Stannard, winner -Louis \"Deerfoot\" Bennett -Edward Weston

-Broughton (1743) and London (1838) Rules -no gloves, no set rounds, no limit -Rounds end in knockout, throw down -30 seconds then to to mark -Popular in 1840s

Slaughtered by Horace Greeley -McCoy = irish, Greeley = english -2 hour fight -- McCoy beaten to bloody pulp -sign of social problems -drunk

1789: Washington inaugurated 1812-15: War with Britain 1820: Missouri Compromise 1828: Andrew Jackson elected 1846-48: Mexican War 1854: Know-Nothings, Whigs collapse 1860-61: Lincoln elected, secession, war

-Plague -Introduced to Europe in 1347 -3 related diseases were bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic. Bacteria spread by rats and fleas -Spread across Europe in next decade reducing the population by 1/3 or more -Economic and political stability shattered

-German Turner Societies -Founded by Frederick Ludwig Jahn in 1811 -Nationalistic, mystical -Boom in US after 1848 -Gymnastics- Followed Greek ideal: mind and body -Social Centers- libraries, lecturers, beer halls

-Organized in 1845- original baseball team -\"Gentlemen's club\" with laws, dues, and rules -Regular practices at Elysian Fields -Alexander Cartwright's Rules -Basis of todays game -Henry Chadwick's publicitiy- he was a sportswriter, and editor of Base Ball Guide -When box scores and batting averages were created

-1857: National Assoc. of Base Ball Players -Amateur club members band together -1869: Cincinnati Red Stockings turn pro -Baseball is a business! -1871: Natl. Assoc. of Professional Base Ball Players -First, failed attempt at a baseball \"trust\" -Players - mostly - make lousy magnates! -1876: National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs -William Hulbert creates a baseball trust that works! -1882: National Agreement -Uneasy cooperation trumps competition -1890: Players League -Monty Ward's Brotherhood rises and falls -1901: American League -Ban Johnson declares the Western League \"major\" -1903: National Agreement -A new cartel to share the wealth -50 years of stability! -Baseball = America -Big business, labor, Jim Crow, etc.

-1860-1920's -Father of Football -Played at Yale as well as coached/administered the entire Yale program until his death -While being only a player- he helped convince that Rugby rule should be the rule amongst Ivy League's rather than soccer rules -Was leader of the IAA (Intercollegiate Athletic Association)/ NCAA for most of his life -1911 Gave up chair position but still had a major role due to his reputation and experience of the game

-West Virginia refugee -Michigan coach 1901-1926 -1901-1905 Had 54 wins in a row -Beat Stanford in 1st Rose Bowl in 1902 and because of that the Rose Bowl did not happen for many years since Michigan beat a mainstream original football powerhouse -UM drops out of Big 10 in 1907 due to 'eligibility disputes'

-Born in 1888, on Indian Reservation (Oklahoma territory) -Carlisle Indian school from 1907-1908 and 1911, 1912 -Took breaks to travel/party/take advantage of being a the all american football God (for the time being) -Olympic pentathlon, decathlon champ 1912 -Played pro-football 1913-1919 -Played professional baseball for 6 years as well -Definitely best player of his time and maybe all time

Yale's fullback 1906-1909 -First celebrity and athlete -Yale man of campus -In accapella group as well -After his sport career he went to NYC to be a bonds salesman -His celebrity role made him rich selling bonds -As Great Depression approached- his social standing decreased due to divorces, public scenes, and drinking -Died of TB before age of 50

-Popped in and out of sport history for 75 years -First football coach -Played on Yales 1888 undefeated team -Played basketball and football -Led critical role in basketball invention and the western spread of the game -Post-playing himself- went on to be recruited by Walter Camp as the University of Chicago's 1st football coach -made university legitimate -Coached famous QG Walter Eckersall who was the first athletic \"commodity\" (Went to school for football-school was second)

-Golden Boy -St. Paul's School '10, Princeton '14 -Hockey and Football Star at Princeton (Hall of Famer in both) captain for both -Changed the way hockey was played- shape of skates -Skating without looking at the puck -Sportsmanship (entire career- 1 penalty) -Participated in WW1 (found 2nd life as pilot) -died at 26 in flight 1918 -suicide? -engagement broken off with Mimi Scott -F. Scott Fitzgerald idolized him- based a book character on him

-Created for moral, christian reform -Founded by George Williams in London -1844 -First YMCA organized in 1851 -Place of safety, fellowship, and christian morality retreat (physical culture) -Followed by similar organizations such as YWCA and YMHA -1885- college for people who would run YMCA's around the world. (Mass)- International YMCA training school -1892: 250,000 members

-Luther Gulick, M.D 1865 -Left over internal struggle or impossible to work with -Created Mind-Body spirit logo, emblem of Christian values of sport -Born Honolulu, Hawaii -Born crusader for beneficial sport

-Most famous springfield college guy -Man who invented Basketball -December 21, 1891 -Returned to Springfield college and gave a wonderful speech and talked about the origins of basketball -Gulick gave him this assignment Basketball Revolution -Sport became a sensation- spread by YMCA network and friends -Amos Alonzo Stag introduces game to midwestern colleges in 1890s -Senda Berenson created woman 6-player game in 1892 -Naismith started team in Kansas University 1898 -Man who invented basketball was only Kansas coach with a losing career record