Sports Governance and Ethics Exam4 – Flashcards

Responsible for: -Scheduling -Hiring/ training officials -Discipline -Licensing -Broadcasting contracts -Organized by function, with a range of different departments

Employee of owners, because the owners have the power to hire and terminate him/her -Approval or player contracts -Resolution of disputes between players and clubs -Disciplinary matters involving owners, clubs, players, and other personnel -Rule-making authority

-Make decisions on matters concerning franchise relocation, league expansion or contraction, playing facility issues, collective bargaining rules and rule changes, and revenue sharing -Represents management in labor negotiations with players

-Multimillionaires -Like excitement and publicity -Goals: winning and making profits -Some want to be involved in daily operations; others do not

-Daily operations for individual team -Departmentalized by function -Typically divided into business and sport operations

1953: Major League Baseball Players Association 1954: National Basketball Players Association 1956: National Football League Players Association 1967: National Hockey League Players Association

Common Goals: Protect the rights of the members -Deal with insurance benefits, retirement, and charitable opportunities -More then just active players; all players, managers, coaches and trainers -Revenues from individual membership dues and licensing

Player Rep and Alternative Player Rep serves on: -Board of Player Representatives (NFL) -Executive Board (MLB & NHL) -Act as a liaison between the union and players -Help improvement collective bargaining agreements -Provide info concerning grievances -Promote players association programs -Facilitate communication between members and players association -Attend board of player reps meetings

-Constant struggle over revenue sharing, salary caps, salaries, pensions and benefits -NFL teams still exceed salary cap even though it's considered a "hard cap" -NBA has "soft cap" with exceptions for veteran free agents, disabled players, rookies, and assigned players -Owners favor the caps while players oppose them, because they limit their salaries -NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement related to salary caps is 64 pages long -Owners making billions when players are making millions

-"The steroid era" for MLB (409 pg report with 86 players names) -Legal considerations testing is condition of employment = any change to drug-testing policy is a mandatory subject of bargaining between players and the league -MLB: players tested twice a season, once during 1st week of spring training and 2nd time randomly during season -NBA & NHL: not all player tested; NBA can be randomly tested 4 per year; NHL can be tested no more than twice -NFL: all players tested at start of training camp, during the season, ten players per team are randomly tested each week

-Lack of control by front office -Open nature of Twitter can cause problems = athletes revealing too much about themselves or their teams Leagues developed parameters for social media -MLB: no phones 30 min before the game, no phones/other devices on bench, in bullpen, or on the field after batting practice starts -NBA: cell phones banned during games, 45 min before tipoff until after media obligations are over, can use during pregame media access -NFL: players, coaches, & op staff cannot use social media less than 90 min before kickoff, can resume after interviews conclude, updates to player accounts (by player/anyone else) are prohibited -NHL: players cannot use social media from 2 hours before faceoff until media interviews are done, players responsible for statements made

Off-field incidents are difficult because they are 1) widely covered in the media 2) Taking punitive action may five the appearance of guilt even if legal system has not yet passed judgment on accused athlete 3) If a team or league control info about an incident, it is often accused of covering up info 4) The issue of how the PA will react to punishing players for off-field incident remains -NFL Prohibited conduct: including, but not limited to, violent or criminal activity such as crimes involved use or threat of physical violence, use of a deadly weapon in committing a crime, domestic violence, and se offenses, as well as involvement in hate crimes -Players charged must do immediate clinical evals and counseling if necessary, and subject to discipline as determined by Commissioner (possible fines and suspensions) -SLEEPE Principle decisions have social, legal, ethical, economic, and political ramifications

-"Bounty Gate" New Orleans Saints: 'bounty' payments for 'knock-outs' and 'cart-offs' -Head coach and GM punished for not doing enough to stop it and Saints fined $500,000 and stripped of 2012 and 2013 2nd round draft picks -Commissioner chose to sanction not just players, but also the coaching staff and the front office = single to sport managers that they are ethically responsible for the actions of their employees

The Racial and Gender Report Card by Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport in the DeVos Sport Business Management Program at U of Central FL 24% of minority managerial positions = A, 12% = B, 9% = C, 6% = D, 5% = F 40% of employees were women = A, 32% = B, 27% = C, 22% = D, >22% = F Front offices have become more diverse over past few years -MLB Commissioner Bud Selig's memo in 1999 club must notify him personally if any opening for GM, Assistant GM, Field Manager, Directors of Player Development, and Directors of Scouting and must include minority candidates since then minorities in these positions has increased from 6 in 2011 with 29% of all MLB coaches being minorities MLB's Diverse Business Partners Program, Reviving Baseball in the Inner Cities (RBI), MLB's Urban Youth Academy, Breaking Barriers in Sports and in Life, and the Baseball Tomorrow Fund NLF: policy announced in 2002 owners agreed to seriously interview minority candidate for reach coach vacancy = Rooney Rule

-Need governing structures, rules, regulations, and policies -Develop/focus rules based on individual athletes needs rather then on team

1.United States Golf association (USGA)- rules of golf, Executive Committee 2. Professional Golfers' association (PGA)-Professional instruction, Board of Directors elected by the organizations Board Members. President, V.P., Secretary, Honorary President and 17 Directors. 3. PGA Tour-Professional play, 3 Executive Officers. Commissioner and Board Members 4.Ladies Professional Association, commissioner and executive team

Mission: serve those who share a love and respect for golf and strives to preserve its past, foster its future, and champion its best interests for everyone who enjoys golf. Membership: 700,000 members and 9,000 member clubs, open to amateurs and pros, private and public clubs, representatives control over 10,600 golf courses nationwide, includes approx.. 130 men's and women's state and regional golf associations Funding: Championships and broadcasts rights

-Executive Committee -Senior Leadership Team -Regional Affairs team

-Founded in 1916 -Has a close relationship with UGSA -Serves professional instructors, players, and local clubs

-Promote the enjoyment and involvement of the game and contribute to its growth by providing services. -27,000 qualified in 41 sections Pro instructors, player & local clubs, 31 different categories depending on type of qualification each pro has earned -Funding: Four major cups (Ryder Cup, PGA Championship), negotiated sponsorship revenues, additional revenues comes from business development, member dues, golf course operations, and other investment

Expand domestically and internationally to substantially increase player financial benefits while maintaining its commitment to the integrity of the game -Exclusive to professional golfers who have earned a PGA Tour card -Funding: tournament operations, sponsorships, licenses, merchandise sales, dues, and broadcast rights

-Founded in 1950 Mission: be a leader in world sports, serve as role models, to promote economic empowerment Membership: 460 tour professionals -1,400 teaching and club professional Financials: Revenues from sponsorships, golf facility management, licenses, merchandise sales, dues, tournament operations, broadcast rights, and marketing partners

-Changing rules for college players -Retaining corporate sponsors -Attracting younger audiences

-Promotes tennis from grassroots to the pro level Mission: To promote and develop the growth of tennis. To develop world- class American players through a clearly defined training structure and competitive pathway as well as through the implementation of a soccer comprehensive Membership: adult, juniors, and family memberships; organizations community tennis association, club, school, park and recreation department, or other USTA memberships -Funding: US open media and sponsorship rights, remaining revenues come from membership fees, USA Team events, and Tour events

-Improving the U.S. Open -Attracting more participants/ younger audiences -Developing a professional talent pool -Gambling

-Begun in 1948 by Bill France Sr. -France family still owns and operates NASCAR -1990s: TV partnerships increased its reach -More then $3 billion annually -Race car owners and drivers are independent contractors -Flatter pay scale based on performance unlike golf and tennis

Mission:Committed to ensuring that our sport better reflects America's composition, engage females and people of diverse ethic and racial backgrounds in all facets of the NASCAR industry Membership: Owners and drivers Funding: Racetrack venues, corporate sponsors, broadcast rights, licensed merchandise

-Declining viewership -Higher costs and shrinking pool -Corporate sponsorships and driver endorsements

-Union vs independent contractor -Drafts versus qualifications -Team versus event

-Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) -Six regional organizations -Each nation has its own football-governing bodies

-Premier league England - 1992: Formed when football was in need of restructuring -A separate business entity from the nation's football association -Currently attracts players and fans from all over the world

-Football became popular during the 1960's era Olympics -Japan Soccer league and japan football association (JFA) -1992: J. League officially began with a game in Tokyo nearly 60,000 spectators

Membership: The teams themselves, owned by 20 total shareholders, Each individual club is independent while working within the rules of football Manage, continually improve and be regarded as the world's best league football competition - on and off the field Increase interest in our competitions, promote accessibility to live games and ensure that media exposure is used to optimum effect Generate increased commercial value, using the resulting revenues to further enhance our competition and strengthen the long-term future of the Premier League and its clubs Use our power and influence responsibly to improve the game in this country and abroad through partnerships with FA, UEFA, and other bodies Create a quality of competition that provides a platform from which our member clubs can achieve unparalleled success in European or World competitions

Membership: 16 member teams/ shareholders, Specific conditions for membership Specific conditions for membership: Incorporation, Hometown, Players and coaching licenses, team structure, and stadium facilities To raise the level of Japanese football and promote the diffusion of the game through the medium of professional football To foster the development of Japan's sporting culture, to assist in the healthy mental and physical growth of Japanese people To contribute to international friendship and exchange

Bottom finishers in a league drop down to next-lower level Top finishers move up to the next-higher level

-Federation internationale de l'automibile (FIA) -Governs motor sports and oversees traffic/automobile safety generally -Brings together 227 national motoring organizations from 132 countries -Formula 1 racing: Oldest of the FIA championships -2012: 20 Grand Prix events around the world

Ex. FC Barcelona stars Roladinho and Samuel Eto'o along with Italy's Mario Balotelli are taunted with monkey noises, AS Roma fans display neo-Nazi and anti-Semitic banners, and Romanian supporters target Gypsies 2010 World Cup in South Africa offered "Say No to Racism" campaign which players and officials held banners on the field and spread the message often Pre-match pledges by team captains Racism monitoring system and trained security personnel UEFA joined with Football Against Racism in Europe (FARE) in a campaign called Unite Against Racism and You will not tolerate racism or discrimination and action will be taken if it occurs Make public address announcements against racist chanting Ensure season ticket holders do not participate in discriminating activities Prevent sale of racist literature inside and around stadium Take disciplinary action against players who engage in racial abuse

FIFA officials finally decided to allow goal line technology to aid with these calls Some people believed positioning another official behind the net was a better solution, while others felt countries able to institute the latest technology the earliest would have priority in hosting major matches Premier League officials want to implement the new technology asap Trying to "get it right"

Came under a hailstorm of protest when decided to run the 2012 Grand Prix event in strife-torn Bahrain after the 2011 event had been cancelled The Sunni monarchy hoped that the Grand Prix would restore Bahrain's stature as a stable Persian Gulf; but anti-government protest led to its cancellation Many Shi'ite members felt they were being oppressed by Sunnis Staged many major confrontations with police and many media members who were non-motor sport reporters were denied visas and were unable to report from Bahrain This case shows the interconnectedness of sport, politics, and sport governing bodies

McLaren chief designer Mike Coughlan was found in possession of a 780-page dossier of Formula 1 rival Ferrari's technical data The McLaren Mercedes team was eliminated from the constructors'' standings and fined $100million (65 million euros) for this scandal Team was stipped of all contructors' points and team can score no points in remainder of season, pay fine equal to 100 million dollars Other scandals included race-fixing allegations in 2008 Singapore event and a bribery scandal involving organizational leaders