Sports Event Management – Flashcards
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sport marketing
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"The process of designing and implementing activities for the production, pricing, promotion, and distribution of a sport product or sport business product to satisfy the needs or desires of consumers and to achieve the company's objectives" in a society responsible manner that creates a favorable exchange relationship
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marketing plans
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comprehensive strategic and tactical frameworks for identifying and achieving a sport organization's marketing goals and objectives
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marketing mix
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the elements of product, price, place, promotion, which sport marketers alter, modify, or manipulate to achieve marketing goals and objectives
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product life cycle
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the lifespan stages of a sport product include introduction, growth, maturity, and decline
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internal factors
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factors inside a sport organization that affect the sport marketing climate (players, owners, team management, staff personnel)
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external factors
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factors outside of a sport organization that affect the sport marketing climate (media, corporate sponsors, advertisers, spectators, geography, culture, economy, federal regulations, regulations of sport governing bodies)
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SWOT analysis
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a management technique available to sport marketers to help them assess the strength and weaknesses of an organization and the opportunities and threats that it faces
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branding
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the process of using a name, design, symbol, or any combination of the three to help differentiate a sport product from the competition
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market segmentation
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the process of identifying smaller and viable clusters of sport consumers who may exhibit similar wants, needs, and interests regarding sport
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sport sponsorship
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the acquisition of rights to affiliate or associate with a sport product or sporting event n order to derive benefits from the affiliation or association
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promotions mix
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the collection of integrated activities that seek to communicate, inform, and ultimately persuade consumers to participate in the sport consumption activity, experience or event
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place
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the comprehensive manner in which sport is distributed to consumers
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marketing research
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the systematic process of obtaining, analyzing, and interpreting data or information to evaluate and improve marketing practices
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market segment
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a portion of the population that is distinctive in terms of its needs, characteristics, or behavior
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target market
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market segments identified as the focus of an organization's marketing efforts
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extrinsic rewards
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rewards given to a person by someone
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intrinsic rewards
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rewards received by a person from the experience itself
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diversion
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a distraction from a course or activity
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eustress
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positive levels of arousal provided to sport spectators
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aspirational reference group
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a group to which an individual wishes to belong
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situational influence
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the influence arising from factors that are particular to a specific time and place and are independent of individual costumers' characteristics
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need recognition
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perception of a difference between a desired state and the actual situation; the first stage of the decision-making process
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cognitive dissonance
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feelings of anxiety or doubt that can occur after an important decision has been made
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social media
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web-based applications that enable people to share content such as information, opinions, and experiences
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sport communication
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a process by which people in sport, in a sport setting or through a sport endeavor, share symbols as they create meaning through interaction
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effects
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varied results of communication in regard to its effect on audience members and society in general
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strategic sport communication model (SSCM)
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a model depicting the dynamics of communication and the various settings in which communication occurs in sport
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print communication
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communication through printed publications, including sport sections in newspapers, sport magazines, and sport books
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electronic communication
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communication by electronic media, including sports broadcasting on television (broadcast, cable, satellite), sports radio, sport firm (movies), and sport photography
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new media
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communication through nontraditional media platforms, most of them internet based an ranging from traditional websites to mobile applications to e-commerce systems
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sport public relations
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a managerial communication based function designed to identify a sport organization's key publics, evaluate its relationships with those publics, and foster desirable relationships between the sport organization and those key politics
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one-way model of public relations
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a communication model focusing exclusively on the flow of information from the sport organization to its publics
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two-way model of public relations
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a communication model focusing on communication give take between a sport organization and its key publics
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community relations
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often focuses on the promotion of charitable initiatives affiliated with the sport organization and the development of opportunities for face-to-face contact with sport organization stakeholders
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scarcity
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the basic economic problem facing all institutions , including sport. a sport product is considered scarce if people want more of the product than is freely available for consumption
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economic interaction
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the exchange of one product of value to another product value
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law of demand
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consumers will demand less of a product as its price increases and more of a product as its price falls
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supply
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the relationship between the price of a product and the amount of the product that suppliers are willing to produce and sell
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law of supply
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suppliers will increase production as the price of the product increasess and decrease production as the price falls
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market equilibrium
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the price at which the quantity demand equals the quantity supplied
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market surplus
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a price at which the quantity supplied of a product is greater than the quantity demanded
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market shortage
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a price at which the quantity demanded of a product is greater than the quantity supplied
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sport economic impact studies
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analyses of how expenditures on sport teams, events, or facilities economically affect a specific geographic region
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privatization
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moving the management of facilities from the public sector to private companies or organizations
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booking
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securing and contracting one specific sport or entertainment event
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boilerplate
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generic document that uses standard language and a fill-in-the-blank format to outline expectations between parties
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split
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a prearranged, negotiated percentage used to divide various sources of revenue between the promoter and the facility
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cost analysis
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a systematic process used to provide an estimation of the revenues and expenses of an event
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work order
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a detailed document that illustrates all requirements of the event
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American with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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legislation that protects people with disabilities from discrimination. Specific to sport facilities, the law states that managers must provide reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities
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settlement
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reconciling the expenses and revenues of an event and dividing to a contracted arrangement
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documentation
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detailed records that describe the event
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constituencies
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for purposes for this chapter, constituencies are any people influenced or effected by a particular decision
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statutes
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enactments made by a legislature and expressed in a formal document
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precedent
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a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court may need to adopt when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. the term may laso refer to the collective body of case law that a court should consider when interpreting the law
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stare decisis
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literally means "to stand by things decided." this principle expresses the notion that prior court decisions must be recognized as precedents, according to case law, and followed accordingly
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due process
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as it is embodied in the 5th and 14th amendments to the united states constitution, due process ensures that a law shall not be unreasonably, arbitrary, or capricious and that the means selected for enforcing a law shall have a reasonable and substantial relation to the objective sought by the government
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tort
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a civil wrong or injury for which the law permits a recovery. typically, the wrong or injury is either a negligent act or an international act by one person that causes an injury to another person or his or her property
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proximate cause
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a cause that directly produces an event without which the event would not have occurred
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restatements
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secondary legal research sources that seek to restate the legal rules that constitute the common law in particular area such as contracts, torts, properly, foreign relations, and product liability
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common law
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the body of law derived from the judgements and decrees of the courts rather than those laws created by legislatures
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SWOT Analysis
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strength, weakness, opportunities, threats
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consumer decision making process
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- recognizes a need or problem -seeks information to resolve problem or fulfill a need -determines purchase options - evaluate alternatives - make purchase decisions - engages in post-purchase evaluations (was it worth it? or buyers remorse)
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elements in communication process (4)
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- sender - message - channel through which message is delivered - receiver
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multiplier effect
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I earned 5 dollars working today and it will roll over into the economy
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grandfathered
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means if something was made before 1990 it is sort of exempt from ADA
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4 P's of Marketing
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price, product, promotion, place`
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Establishing your company or team identity through logo, color scheme, and the accumulated impact of ads is known as:
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branding
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"To some fan, a high-scoring game is exciting. To other fans, it is boring." This statement illustrates which of the following aspects of sport?
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sport is subjective
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When a sport organization develops a pricing strategy and analyzes laws pertaining to government regulations and the economic situation, it is taking into account which factor?
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climate
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the following are ways that sport as a product differs from other goods and services;
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the sport experience is intangible, sport is subjective and heterogeneous, sport is inconsistent and unpredictable, sport is perishable, and sport involves emotions
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What are the tangible elements in the core sport product?
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the type of sport, the participants, and the team
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What is the objective of positioning a sport product?
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to differentiate the sport product from competing products
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This term refers to elements that interfere with reception of the message through communications channels
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noise
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a communication model that focuses exclusively on the flow of information from the sport organization to its publics without a feedback channel is an example of:
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one-way communication
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the most important element of a crowd management plan, particularly when alcohol is being sold, is:
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uniformed police
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The most powerful influence on what sports events people attend or watch, or what products they buy, is;
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friends and family
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the practice of steering black athletes away from certain positions is known as:
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stacking
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The reason that scarce products like World Series Tickets cost more than regular season tickets is known as:
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law of supply and demand
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Who is directly responsible of creating the facility's standard operating procedures and ensuring that these procedures are administered correctly?
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facility manager
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the safest type of seating for sporting event or concert is
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reserved seating
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the most important element of crowd control at an event where alcohol is being served is:
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liability insurance
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according to your textbook, the "stressful joy" that comes from the highs and lows of watching a favorite sports team play is
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eustress
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The major piece of legislation that is a factor in designing sport facilities is;
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Americans with Disabilities Act
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sorting your costumers into groups that can be identified by shared traits or habits is:
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market segmentation
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What marketing agency handles all of Elon's sports sponsorship
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IMG
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According to your text, which of the following is the key feature of professional sports leagues?
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the interdependence of the teams
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the two "sides" to every pro sports franchise are:
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the "player" side and the "business" side
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Schools in this division of the NCAA offer no athletic scholarships
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Division III
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What is/are the typical function(s) of a high school athletics director?
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coordinate and schedule the use of all athletics venues, provide the leadership and management of the interscholastic athletics program, hire officials and coaches, provide oversight to athletic booster club activities and fund-raising activities
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the primary goal of state high school athletic associations is:
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safeguards the well-being of student-athletes
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according to Professor Schmitt during his guest lecture, what was a key to success in operating programs for the Cannon Street YMCA in Charleston?
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partnerships with other organizations
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What are the prongs or elements of sport tourism sustainability?
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environment, economic, and social
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A sport management agency that negotiated contracts for players would be:
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a representation agency
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A sport tourist who travels to Myrtle Beach to play golf would be considered
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an active sport tourist
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According to the text, what type of events often provide communities with more benefits and fewer costs, fewer obligations and no long-term debt
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small-scale events
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In well-run community sport programs, the emphasis on;
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the participant's experience
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the primary reason(s) that communities are interested in hosting big sporting events
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positive publicity for their community, economic impact, as an opportunity to upgrade
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An organization's culture is often manifested through;
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myths or legends, significant historical events, objects, and logos, social events, award, recognition events, standards of dress and behavior
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How does one start the critical thinking process?
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by identifying the issue and the questions that must by asked
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Roone Arledge was a pioneering sports television producer who;
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introduced an entertainment element to sports TV
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Money spent by sport participants, spectators, and sponsors in a community hosting a sporting event is called:
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economic impact
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Which of the following statements describes career paths in sport management?
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success depends on good understanding of finance, marketing, and management
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Skills that a person should be able to perform in a variety of industries, including sports organizations, are called
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transferable skills
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What will challenge sport in the future?
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social responsibility & technology
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research involving exclusively numerical data is:
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quantitative research
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segmentation
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breaking your audience into smaller groups to better understand them and market your product to them is known as
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research can be best defined as
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a systematic way to answer questions
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sport marketing is
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the marketing of sport products and all types of products through sports
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to be an effective team member you must;
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see team success as personal success
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most careers in the business of sport began through
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internships
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networking
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the building up or maintaining of informal relationships, especially with people who could bring advantages such as job or business opportunites
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entrepreneurs
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people who organize, manage, and assume the risks of a business or enterprise, often starting up new businesses by putting their own money
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brand equity
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building up recognition, loyalty, and an association of quality around your team or organization
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authoritarian leadership
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"my way or the highway" leadership. this means that the leader has a clear vision and wants things done his/her way no matter what anyone has to say about it.
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Jackie Robinson
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broke the baseball color barrier in 1947
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Three things that supporters of high school athletics cite as the benefits of interscholastic programs
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1. keeps kids in school 2. teaches them important values 3. keeps kids out of trouble
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3 types of sport organization
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1. public organization 2. nonprofit organization 3. commercial exams
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10 managerial roles
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figurehead, leader, liaison, monitor, diseminator, conducting, spokesperson, entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator
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SWOT
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strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats
