question

The United States Olympic Committee (USOC)

answer

All of the above are true about the USOC

question

Which of the following elements were included in the definition of sport?

answer

All of the above

question

The Li, Hofacre, and Mahony Model of the sport industry

answer

divides the sport industry into the Sport Producing Sector and Supporting SubSectors

question

As sport supporting entities, very few new sport facilities have been constructed in the past 20 years.

answer

False

question

The functions of a sports commission may include

answer

All of the above

question

The Li, Hofacre, and Mahony Model assumes the sports industry is centered around the Sport Producing Sector

answer

True

question

Independent professional athletes (PGA & ATP) are paid (earn their living) in the same manor as those who play for a team sport (NFL & NBA).

answer

False

question

In the Li, Hofacre, and Mahony Model of the sport industry which of the following is NOT part of the Sport Producing Sector?

answer

Sports Media (Television, Radio, etc.)

question

There is widespread consensus on the definition of the sport industry

answer

False

question

In the Li, Hofacre, and Mahony Model of the sport industry which of the following is part of the Sport Producing Sector?

answer

Municipal and County Recreation Departments

question

The Sport Industry

answer

is difficult to define

question

Which of the following is an example of an administrative body in professional sports?

answer

Professional Golf Association (PGA)

question

Under which of the following NAICS sectors does the sport industry fall?

answer

All of the above

question

The Sport Supporting Sector IV: The Sport Media includes

answer

the sports broadcast media, the sports print media, and the Internet sports media

question

Which of the following high school sport have national championship competitions?

answer

Wrestling

question

Which of the following groups was not identified in class as a stakeholder of high school athletics

answer

University member of the BCS

question

High school sports were seen as detrimental to student retention and graduation rates

answer

False

question

Even though sports such as lacrosse, ultimate frisbee, and rugby have shown growth in recent years, overall numbers of youth participation in sport continues to decline.

answer

True

question

Professional leagues invest time and money in youth sports because those participants ultimately become avid fans of the sport.

answer

True

question

Historically, the most prominent private (or nonschool) agency to promote youth athletics was

answer

Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)

question

As discussed in class, parents and youth have the exact same goals or reasons to participate in sport activities

answer

False

question

During and immediately following World War I, schools sports for males were promoted as a tool to:

answer

As a source of physical training for the armed forces

question

The Progressive Movement promoted athletics as a tool to

answer

Prepare for the rigors of modern life and democracy and to assimilate immigrants into American culture

question

In the SBJ article discussing budget concerns for high school athletics, which of the following was NOT listed as an increasing source of funding these activities

answer

selling popcorn

question

Educators at both the public schools and private schools embraced the value of exercise and play

answer

False

question

NFL research shows in order to turn youth into lifelong fans, it is important to make a connection with them during what age group?

answer

6 to 13

question

What concerns do critics have with children participating in highly organized youth athletics?

answer

All of the above

question

The main concerns regarding corporate sponsorship involvement in school and youth sports include

answer

exposure of children to an increasing amount of commercial messages

question

Due to liability reasons, all schools and youth leagues must employ full-time coaches

answer

False

question

The final authority in determining high school athlete eligibility

answer

State athletic associations

question

Reasons why schools decide to change conference affiliations or join a conference include all of the following except:

answer

Wanting to move from Division III to the Division I-A level

question

Which of the following is a true statement regarding women's participation in collegiate sports?

answer

The very first intercollegiate sport competition for women was in the sport of basketball in 1892, but the rules were changed from the men's game to make it more appropriate for women to play

question

What has been the most prevailing issue affecting collegiate athletic departments over the past couple of decades?

answer

Title IX

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the philosophies followed by Division I institutions?

answer

Maximize the number & variety of athletic opportunities available to students

question

What was the prevailing reason for the push to reform in college football in the early 1900's?

answer

The number of injuries and deaths occurring

question

The first intercollegiate athletic contest was

answer

A crew race between Harvard & Yale

question

The initial collegiate contests were:

answer

Student-run events

question

Which best describes the coaching profession at the Division III level?

answer

an ability to wear many hats as they may be asked to teach or perform other administrative duties in addition to coaching

question

The NCAA took on its present name in 1912. The birth of the NCAA, though, actually occurred in 1905 and the initial name of the organization was

answer

Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States

question

Faculty and college administrators got involved in the governance of intercollegiate athletics in the 1880s in order to curb the use of paid "professional" student-athletes

answer

False

question

Which position/area of responsibility oversees adherence to NCAA and conference rules and regulations?

answer

Compliance director

question

The first intercollegiate athletic contest was held in what time period?

answer

During the mid-1800's

question

APR stands for:

answer

Academic Progress Rate

question

The Intercollegiate Football Association was formed to regulate

answer

Playing and eligibility rules

question

The "power" schools during initial collegiate contests were

answer

Ivy League schools

question

Which of the following is NOT a legal task commonly performed by agents working in law practice-only firms?

answer

Managing the reserve clause

question

An advantage of boutique firms is that they typically offer many more services than large conglomerates

answer

False

question

The oldest and most established sport agency is SFX sports group?

answer

False

question

The first players association to negotiate the right for players to be represented by agents was the

answer

Major League Baseball Players Association

question

Sport management firms are rarely affiliated with law firms.

answer

False

question

IMG is a good example of a small boutique firm.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is NOT a need for increase agent involvement with athletes?

answer

All of the above

question

Free agency in Major League Baseball has existed since 1986

answer

False

question

Agents at boutique firms typically specialize in one sport

answer

True

question

Who is often called the first sports agent

answer

C.C Pyle

question

As professional sports grew and became televised nationally opportunities for athletes to endorse products decreased

answer

False

question

One of the significant factors in the growth of sports agencies was

answer

Development of competing leagues

question

The reserve system in Major League Baseball was

answer

A rule that limited a free and open market for players

question

Which of the following sport properties accrues the most annual sales of licensed apparel?

answer

MLB

question

The three models for a sport agency business does NOT include

answer

A players association and a sport management firm

question

Which of the following groups was not identified in class as a stakeholder of high school athletics

answer

University member of the BCS

question

High school sports were seen as determined to student retention and graduation rates

answer

False

question

Even though sports such as lacrosse, ultimate frisbee, and rugby have shown growth in recent years, overall numbers of youth participation in sport continues to decline

answer

True

question

Professional leagues invest time and money in youth sports because those participants ultimately become avid fans of the sport

answer

True

question

Historically, the most prominent private (or non school) agency to promote youth athletics was

answer

Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA)

question

As discussed in class, parents and youth have the exact same goals or reasons to participate in sport activities

answer

False

question

During and immediately following World War I, schools sports for males were promoted as a tool to

answer

As a source of physical training for the armed forces

question

The Progressive Movement promoted athletics as a tool to

answer

Prepare for the rigors of modern life and democracy and to assimilate immigrants into American culture

question

Free agency in Major League Baseball has existed since 1986.

answer

False

question

One of the first agents to represent individual athletes and a pioneer of the sport marketing industry is

answer

Mark McCormack

question

The two players who staged a joint holdout for a higher salary were?

answer

Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale

question

A collective bargaining agreement is

answer

none of the above

question

How many states regulate agents?

answer

44

question

The most devastating problem that an athlete may have with his agent is probably

answer

Income mismanagement

question

The five key problems in the sport agency profession do not include

answer

The agents lack of understanding of the rules of the game

question

Which of the following does not describe the functions performed by a sport agent?

answer

Negotiating the collective bargaining contract for the player or coach

question

A firm that represents individual athletes is typically intimately involved in all aspects of the sport.

answer

True

question

The first players association to negotiate the right for players to be represented by agents was the

answer

Major League Baseball Players Association

question

An agent must help an athlete with the transition from a professional playing career as an athlete and with

answer

post career planning and retirement

question

What is the most likely unethical behavior to occur by agents in college athletics?

answer

Overly aggressive client recruitment

question

In the four major sports leagues how many agents are registered or certified with the respective players associations

answer

1600-1800

question

Who is often called the first sports agent?

answer

C.C. Pyle

question

A more professional focus of running events started to take place during the late 1800's. The catalyst for such a professional focus emphasis occurred due to:

answer

a desire to increase profits

question

The growth in televised sports has led to:

answer

all of the above

question

The function of client marketing involves:

answer

all of the above

question

Ticket sales can be an effective way to generate revenue at what type of events:

answer

larger events, such as the World Cup of Soccer

question

International Management Group (IMG) was founded in 1960 by

answer

Mark McCormack

question

Corporate sponsorship involvement with sporting events is an added bonus, as most events make a profit through ticket sales alone.

answer

False

question

A common tool used by events to reduce the potential for a lawsuit is:

answer

using a waiver and release of liability form

question

The nuts and bolts of an event are described as the activities that take place within

answer

tournament operations

question

Albert Spalding was a professional baseball player who, upon his retirement, organized baseball tours throughout North America to promote the sport and create a larger market for his baseball products.

answer

True

question

Grassroots programs generate huge profits for their organizations as thousands of kids participate in local tournaments and events.

answer

False

question

The touring of star athletes and teams to promote the popularity of a particular sport were:

answer

barnstorming tours

question

During this event management function, event staff members come into contact with participants for the first time.

answer

registration

question

Numerous event organizers purchase insurance that can cover

answer

all of the above

question

Sport events typically seek advertising of their event through:

answer

trade-out sponsorships with media outlets

question

Programs such as the National Football League (NFL) Punt, Pass, & Kick national skills competition, the Urban Youth Academy program of Major League Baseball (MLB), the NHL endorsement of the North American Roller Hockey Championships, and NBA youth basketball programs through the NBA Fit are examples of:

answer

grassroots programs

question

Older ballparks like Fenway Park and Ebbets Field were built with irregular shapes and sizes in order to

answer

accommodate urban space limitations

question

Founded in 1923, NFL teams typically played in football fan friendly stadiums during the early years of their existence.

answer

False

question

The Ice Capades was founded by NHL arena owners in order to create an additional revenue stream during non-NHL nights.

answer

True

question

All of the following are major advantages to private management of public assembly facilities except

answer

better sport team performance

question

Public assembly facilities have existed since:

answer

ancient times

question

Modern arenas and stadiums have directly helped owners to maximize revenues through all of the following except

answer

modernized locker rooms

question

Which of the following sports was the last used by arena owners in order to maximize their revenues?

answer

Professional basketball

question

All of the following were publicly financed stadiums efficiently built with the intention of housing both a football team and a baseball team except:

answer

Meadowlands (Northern New Jersey)

question

All of the following are common ways to fund sport facility construction through corporate investment except:

answer

corporate tax

question

___________ are formally defined as a promise by the borrower to pay back the lender a specified amount of money, with interest, within a specified period of time

answer

bonds

question

Based on the Americans with Disabilities Act, if a facility renovates

answer

the renovations must comply with the act

question

The main nonsport events for stadiums are

answer

concerts given by performers

question

Increases in all of the following taxes would directly affect the majority of the population of a community except

answer

hospitality tax

question

The difference between the economic impact upon a municipality by a convention center as opposed to a stadium or arena built for housing sporting events is:

answer

the increased presence of visitor spending within a municipality

question

Historically, it was very common for basketball owners to pay rent to hockey owners for arena use.

answer

True

question

All of the following are examples of "financial" mechanisms for altering competitive balance EXCEPT

answer

reverse-order draft

question

Which of the following leagues uses a "soft" salary cap?

answer

NBA

question

Where revenue sharing may be effective as a tool to improve competitive balance is when it is used in conjunction with a ________.

answer

hard salary cap

question

Increased revenue in spectator sports has come from

answer

all of the above

question

According to the text, the NFL's TV contract calls for the league to be paid more than _______ per year

answer

$3 billion

question

Which two leagues utilize a form of luxury tax?

answer

MLB and NBA

question

In spectator sports, stadium construction projects are often financed with _____

answer

bonds

question

Which of the following is NOT a section of the business cycle?

answer

Maturity

question

The philosophy behind a "hard" salary cap is to

answer

constrain all franchises to spend the same amount on payroll

question

The average player salary in the NBA is now approximately ________

answer

$5.2 million

question

Why do economists suggest that revenue sharing, in and of itself, will do little to improve competitive balance?

answer

Teams receiving revenue-sharing transfers may have little incentive to use the money to increase payroll, simply choosing to retain the transfer as added profit.

question

In a basic sense, the financial success of an organization is ultimately dependent on

answer

profits

question

______ is/are anything that an organization owns that can be used to generate future revenues

answer

assets

question

Which financial statement measures the financial performance of an organization over a specified time period, usually a year?

answer

income statement

question

Which of the following most accurately defines the managerial discipline of finance?

answer

answers A & B above

question

A collective bargaining agreement is:

answer

the contract between the players and the owners in professional sport

question

The Sport Broadcasting Act of 1961 does what?

answer

Exempts the major professional sports leagues' national television deals from antitrust liability in pooling their television rights as a league.

question

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act protects employees from discrimination on

answer

the basis of age for anyone of any age, except certain public safety personnel and top-level managers

question

A principal may never be held liable for torts committed by or contracts entered into by an agent.

answer

False

question

An athlete challenging an athletic association's rule is more likely seeking injunctive rather than monetary damages.

answer

False

question

Female coaches whose salaries are not equal to those of their male counterparts have filed ___________ lawsuits

answer

Equal Pay Act

question

Which of the following is NOT a defense available to an employer to justify a disparity in pay?

answer

A difference in gender

question

Courts have the power to grant two types of remedies: monetary damages and injunctive relief.

answer

True

question

A valid contract contains which of the following elements

answer

All of the above

question

The Americans with Disabilities Act

answer

All of the above

question

The U.S. Supreme Court case, PGA Tour Inc. v. Martin (2001) involved a challenge to PGA Tour rules under what statute?

answer

Americans with Disabilities Act

question

The goal of risk management is:

answer

All of the above

question

Vicarious liability is:

answer

a tort that allows a plaintiff to sue a superior for the negligent acts of a subordinate.

question

Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 bars discrimination in education against women only.

answer

False

question

Equal protection applies to discrimination on the basis of

answer

All of the above

question

A brand is a name, design, symbol, or any combination that a sports organization uses to help differentiate its products from its competitors.

answer

True

question

According to the text, a brand mark can also be known as the _____ or _____

answer

logo; logotype

question

It takes very little time and/or effort to develop brand loyalty with consumers

answer

False

question

According to the text, the sports product characteristics include branding, quality, and design.

answer

True

question

Brand loyalty is one of the most important concepts for the sports marketers because it refers to repeat purchases of one brand over others.

answer

True

question

The first step in the sport branding process is brand image.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the total sport product?

answer

The price of the product

question

Branding is used to _____.

answer

differentiate a brand from its competitors

question

Which of the following is NOT a goal of developing the brand?

answer

C and D only

question

A(n) _____ identifies that a sports organization has legally registered its brand or brand mark and thus prevents others from using it.

answer

trademark

question

Which of the following can increase brand equity in a sport organization?

answer

All of the above

question

_____ is the value that the brand contributes to a product in the sport marketplace

answer

Brand equity

question

Organizations have the ultimate goal of producing _____________ with its consumers

answer

Brand loyalty

question

Brand equity is what people say, feel and think about your product or company.

answer

False

question

The highest level of brand loyalty is

answer

Brand insistence

question

Sports marketing is defined as _____.

answer

the specific application of marketing principles and processes to sports products and to the marketing of non-sport products through the association with sport

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a sport product?

answer

All of the above are sport products

question

The real benefits of market orientation derive from customer satisfaction and retention, which ultimately result in profitability.

answer

True

question

The central tenet of pricing is to create

answer

Value

question

Which of the following is NOT a benefit if being a market oriented organization?

answer

Fan Cost Index

question

All of the following are functions of promotion except:

answer

pricing research

question

Which league has the highest cost of attending a game for an average American family?

answer

NFL

question

Sport competition is a highly predictable product.

answer

False

question

The sport marketer is able to control their product in a manner similar to a traditional marketer.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of marketing orientation?

answer

Developing the 4 P's

question

The first company to capitalize on the term official with regard to a professional sport product was:

answer

Spalding

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the "4 p's" of marketing?

answer

People

question

Sports marketers define _______________ as the personal commitment and emotional involvement customers have with a sport organization.

answer

fan identification

question

The sport product is unique to other consumer products because

answer

All of the Above

question

The controllable variables (often called the 4 p's of marketing) that the company puts together to satisfy a target group are referred to as the:

answer

Marketing Mix

question

Free agency in Major League Baseball has existed since 1986.

answer

False

question

The reserve system in Major League Baseball was:

answer

A rule that limited a free and open market for players

question

Today, there is a much higher level of sophistication and understanding of the sales process and its importance to the overall success of any sport organization due to

answer

all of the above

question

The process of providing continued satisfaction and reinforcement to individuals or organizations who are past or current customers is a definition of

answer

aftermarketing

question

Perhaps no avenue within the sport industry holds more job opportunities, particularly at the entry level than:

answer

sales

question

When trying to sell higher-priced inventory, such as luxury suites and sponsorship packages, the more successful approach is

answer

personal selling

question

When incorporating the sport organization's database and a personal, in-person approach is needed in the sales process, the sport organization should utilize which sales method.

answer

personal selling

question

Sales in the sport industry have shifted from:

answer

a product-oriented approach to a consumer-oriented approach

question

When the product or service package the sport organization is selling does not meet the specific wants or needs of a consumer what approach should the sport organization follow?

answer

benefit selling

question

A more current term used for the sales method that traditionally had been called "dialing for dollars" is:

answer

telemarketing

question

Sales in the sport industry places an emphasis on the importance of

answer

building long-term relationships with customers

question

Remaining in constant communication with customers, and displaying a vested interest in achieving customers' business goals is an example of a sport organization participating in

answer

eduselling

question

Sport organizations that collect names, addresses, phone numbers, and other demographic information from customers are using which sales methodology

answer

database marketing

question

One element that distinguishes sport sales from the selling of other traditional consumer products or services is:

answer

the presence of emotion

question

The "escalator concept" is used when the sport organization is participating in

answer

up-selling

question

When utilizing database marketing, teams typically obtain their database information from

answer

all of the above

question

Historically, the sales process placed an emphasis on

answer

filling seats through the mass dissemination of free tickets to attract fans

question

Sport management originated in thoroughbred racing in the form of

answer

Jockey Clubs

question

Which of the following youth programs would not have to be Title IX compliant?

answer

private youth soccer club

question

National Governing Bodies are

answer

The organizations governing a specific sport within each individual country

question

How many sport management academic programs are there today in North America?

answer

300+

question

The United States is the birthplace of modern sport and sport management

answer

False

question

Sport first spread across international borders through

answer

imperialistic efforts, as a mean's of imposing the conqueror's culture on the colonized land

question

Which of the following is NOT an element of the promotions mix?

answer

Sponsorship

question

The five key problems in the sport agency profession do NOT include:

answer

The agents lack of understanding of the rules of the game

question

What was the first sport to use sport management principles in the United States?

answer

harness racing

question

The Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG) is responsible for:

answer

planning, implementing, and staging the Olympic Games in a host city

question

Olympic Games rely heavily on revenues from

answer

B & C above

question

Under the law of agency, the agent owes the principal fiduciary duties. Which of the following is NOT a fiduciary duty owed to the principal (athlete) by the agent?

answer

The duty to compensate or reimburse

question

Who was the first professional baseball team?

answer

Cincinnati Reds

question

Sports marketing is defined as

answer

the specific application of marketing principles and processes to sports products and to the marketing of non-sport products through the association with sport

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