Speech Test – Flashcards
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Motivated Sequence Pattern
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Five step process for arousing attention and inspiring action
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Problem-Solution Pattern
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Used for speeches based on claims of policy
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It is best to appeal to emotions that lie within the _________
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Audience's comfort zone
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Examples of core values
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Self reliance, individual achievement, and group harmony
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Ad hominem argument
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Attack on the opponent instead of their argument
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Logical Fallacy
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False or erroneous statement; deceptive line of reasoning
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External evidence
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Any information in support of a claim that originates with other sources than with the speaker's own experience
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Speaker Expertise Evidence for your Claims
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Using an audience's preexisting knowledge and opinion
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Claims of Value
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Address issues of judgment and try to show why something is good/bad, worthy/unworthy
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Claims of Fact
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Focus on whether something is or isn't true or will or will not happen
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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A contemporary persuasive model used by speakers and formulated by Abraham Maslow
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Logos
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Appeal to reason or logic
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Argument
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Stated position with support either for or against and idea or issue
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Persuasive Speaking
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Speech intended to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, and acts of others
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When aren't appeals successful?
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When they clash with core values
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Ex. of External Evidence
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Narratives, testimony, and facts drawn from an outside source
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External Evidence
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Can be used as supporting material for claims
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Ethos
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A speaker's moral character
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Pathos
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A speaker who identifies and appeals to the audience's emotions
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Which are not the only types of claim that need to be supported with evidence?
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Claims of Value
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Evidence
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Material that provides grounds for belief in a claim
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Claim
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States the speaker's conclusion, based on evidence
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Central Processing
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Listeners pay attention and respond to the message as being irrelevant
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Skillful Persuaders
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Motivate their listeners to help themselves
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Self Esteem Needs
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Is not the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Not all needs are equally important and fulfilled simultaneously
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What is an element of ethos based appeal?
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Speaker's grasp of the topic and expertise
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What is not called ethos according to Aristotle?
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Appealing to the emotions of listeners
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Successful Argument
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Must appeal to audience emotion/pathos
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Persuasive Appeals
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Directed towards audience's reasoning and logic or logos
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A person that should not aim for large-scale changes
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Successful persuasive speaker
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What does success in persuasive speaking require?
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Attention to what motivates listeners
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Not all persuasive speeches seek what?
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A response from the audience
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What is the general goal of persuasive speeches?
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To advocate, or ask others to accept your views
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How do you deal with hostile audiences?
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Address opposing views
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Refutation Organizational Pattern
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Addresses main points and disproves opposing claims
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Comparative Advantage Pattern
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Demonstrates how the speaker's points are more favorable than alternative positions
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Example of Non Sequitur
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If we can build the most powerful computers in the world, we should be able to cure Alzheimer's in your lifetime
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Example of Ad Hominem Argument
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I'm a better candidate than X because unlike X, I work for living
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Bandwagoning
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Clearly, roses are the best flowers for gift giving, since more people buy them more than any other kind of flower
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Reasoning by Analogy
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Speaker compares two similar cases
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Claim of Fact
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Addressing whether something is or is not true
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Ex of Claim of Value
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Watching professional hockey is better than watching professional basketball
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When do long lasting change in audience perspectives occur?
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If listeners process the speech message centrally
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Need of Self Actualization
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Sandra encouraged her colleagues to reach their highest potential and take pride in their work
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Basic Need of Safety
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Zach gave a persuasive speech about why people should assist the homeless in his city in order to prevent crime
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Need of Ethos
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In his persuasive speech about why people should buy used rather than new autos, Carlos provided the audience with information about his background as a used-car salesperson
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What is the appeal to audience emotion?
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Pathos
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When is the persuasive purpose appropriate?
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When you seek to change the audience's behavior
