Speech final review Rothrock Online Weatherford College
76 test answers
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Quality Circle
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Groups of workers usually 6 to 12) whose task is to investigate and make recommendations for improving the quality of some organizational function
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Focus Group
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A group designed to explore the feelings and attitudes of its members; usually follows a question-and-answer and answer format
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Encounter group
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Often referred to as a sensitivity or T (training) group, this type of group constitutes a form of psychotherapy; these groups try to facilitate members personal growth and to Foster their ability to deal effectively with other people
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Intervention group
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A type of group in which participants gathered to help one of their members confront and overcome some problem
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Consciousness-raising group
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A type of group that aims to help people cope with the problems Society confronts them with
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Assertiveness training group
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A type of group that aims to increase the willingness of its members to stand up for their rights and to act more assertively in a wide variety of situations
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Group Norm
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Rules or expectations for appropriate behavior for a member of a group
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High context culture
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A culture in which much of the information and communication is in the context or in the person rather than explicitly coded in the verbal messages
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Low context culture
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A culture in which most of the information and communication is explicitly stated in the verbal messages
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Brainstorming
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A technique for generating ideas either alone or, more usually, and a small group.
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Problem solving sequence
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A logical step by step process for solving a problem that is frequently used by groups; consists of defining and analyzing the problem, establishing criteria for evaluating Solutions, identifying possible solutions, evaluating Solutions, selecting the best solution, and testing the selected Solutions.
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Decision-making methods
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Authority, majority rule and consensus
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Nominal group technique
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A method of problem-solving that she's is limited discussion and confidential voting to obtain a group decision
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Information Seeker or Giver
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Asks for or gives facts or opinions, seeks clarification of issues being discussed, and presents facts or opinions to group members
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The initiator - contributor
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Presents new ideas or New Perspectives on Old ideas, suggest new goals, or proposes new procedures or organizational strategies
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Elaborator
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Gas examples and tries to work out possible solutions, trying to build on what others have said
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Procedural technician
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(Recorder) takes care of various mechanical duties, such as Distributing group materials and arranging the seating; writing down the group's activities, suggestions, and decisions and/or serving as the group's memory
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Individual roles
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Behavior in groups that is usually dysfunctional and works against the sense of groupness
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Aggressor
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Expresses negative evaluation of members and attacks the group
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Recognition Seeker
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Tries to focus attention on themselves, boast about their accomplishments rather than the task at hand, and expresses their own feelings rather than focusing on the group
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Special interests pleader
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Disregard the goals of the group includes the case of some special group
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Dominator
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Tries to run their group or members by pulling rank, flattering numbers, or acting the role of boss
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Six communication guidelines
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Be group oriented, Center conflict on issues, be critically open-minded, beware of social loafing, ensure understanding, and beware of groupthink
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Groupthink
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A tendency that shuts out realistic and logical analysis of a problem and of possible alternatives
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Social loafing
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The theory that you exert less effort when you're part of a group then went alone
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Situational approach to leadership
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The effective leader shifts his or her emphasis between task accomplishment and member satisfaction on the basis of the specific group situation
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Laissez-faire leader
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Takes no initiative and directing or suggesting alternative courses of action
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Democratic
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Provides Direction but allows the group to develop and progress the way its members wish; this form of leadership is similar to the participating style in the situational approach.
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Authoritarian cohesiveness
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The members closeness and liking for each other
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1. Prepare members and start interaction 2. Build group cohesiveness 3. Maintain effective interaction 4. Manage conflict 5. Mentor
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5 leadership skills
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Mentoring
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A process that occurs when an experienced individual helps to train less experienced group members
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Collective / individual orientation
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Collective orientation is a cultural orientation that stresses the group's rather than the individual's goals and preferences. Individual orientation is the opposite
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High power distance cultures
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Cultures in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few, and there is a great difference between the power held by these people and the power held by the ordinary citizen. Contrast: low power distance cultures
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Gain experience, think positively be realistic, see public speaking as conversation, focus on your listeners, stress similarity
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5 ways to reduce public speaking apprehension
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1. Select your topic 2. Analyze your audience 3. Research your topic 4. Collect supporting materials 5. Develop your main points 6. Organize your speech materials 7. Where'd your speech 8. Construct your conclusion, introduction, Transitions, and outlines 9. rehearse you're speech 10. Deliver your speech
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10 steps in public speaking preparation and delivery in order
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Sociological analysis of an audience
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Don't assume that people covered by the same label or necessarily alike
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Qualifications, currency, fairness, sufficiency, and accuracy
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5 essential criteria for evaluating research, especially on the internet
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Structure - function organizational pattern
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2 main points, one for structure and one for function
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Claim and proof organizational pattern
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Basis is essentially the claim, and each main point supports the claim
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Multiple definition organization pattern
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Each of the main points consist of a different type of definition
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Comparison and contrast organization pattern
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Main points might be the main divisions of the topic
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Visual imagery
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Enables you to describe people or objects in images the audience can see
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Auditory imagery
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Help to appeal to your listeners sense of hearing
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Tactile imagery
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Enables you to make listeners feel the temperature or Texture you're talking about
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Alliteration
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Repetition of the same initial consonant sound in two or more words close to one another
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Hyperbole
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Use of extreme exaggeration
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Personification
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Attribution of human characteristics to inanimate objects
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Metaphor
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Comparing two unlike things
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Simile
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Comparison of two unlike objects using the words like or as
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Transitions
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Words are statements that connect what was said to what will be said
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Internal summary
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A statement that summarizes what you have already discussed in the speech, usually some major subdivision of your speech
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Impromptu delivery method
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Speaking without preparation
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Manuscript delivery method
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Write out the speech and read it
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Extemporaneous delivery method
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Useful when exact timing and wording are not required
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1. Rehearse the speech from beginning to end, rather than in parts 2. Time to speech during each rehearsal 3. Rehearsed this speech under conditions as close as possible to those under which you'll deliver it 4. We heard the speech in front of a full-length mirror to help you see how you appear to the audience 5. Don't interrupt your rehearsal to make notes or changes
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Five effective rehearsing strategies
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Persuasion
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The process of influencing attitudes, beliefs, values, and or behavior
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Selective exposure
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The tendency of listeners to actively seek out information that supports their existing opinions, Belize, attitudes, and values and to actively avoid information that contradicts them
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Reasoning from causes and effects
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Reasoning either from cause to effect or from effect to cause
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Reasoning from sign
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Drawing a conclusion on the basis of the presence of clues or symptoms that frequently occur together
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Reasoning from specific instances
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Examining several specific instances and then concluding something about the whole
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Ad hominem
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(of an argument or reaction) directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.
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Ad numerum and ad populum
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is a fallacious argument that concludes that a proposition is true because many or most people believe it: \"If many believe so, it is so.\"
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Slippery slope
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Involves the assumption that one of them will lead to another event that everyone agrees would be undesirable
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Questions of fact
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Concerned what is not true, what does or does not exist, what did or did not happen.
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questions of policy
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Concerning what should be done, what procedures should be adopted, what laws should be changed - in short, what policy should be followed
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Questions of value
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To persuade listeners in the value of something, that something is good, moral, or just
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Competent
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Shows listeners that you are knowledgeable and thoroughly familiar with your topic
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Character
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One of the qualities of credibility, the individuals honesty and basic nature, moral qualities
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Charisma
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A combination of your personality and dynamism as seen by the audience
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Credibility
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The degree to which your audience regards you as a believable spokesperson
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In order from top to bottom of the triangle: Self-actualization needs, self-esteem needs, belonging and love needs, safety needs, physiological needs.
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order
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1. Gain attention 2. establishing a need 3. Satisfy the need 4. Visualize the needs satisfied 5. Move to action
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Five steps of the motivated sequence in order
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