Speech Final – Flashcards with Answers
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Characteristics of a culture that values a decentralized approach to power?
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Leadership is shared by many people
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Hofstede's research, which of the following is a characteristic of a culture that has a high level of uncertainty avoidance?
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Elaborate codes of conduct are enforced
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Characteristic of a culture that has a greater tolerance for uncertainty?
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People have relaxed,informal expectations for others
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Hofstede's research, which of the following is a typical value of a feminine culture?
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Enhancing the overall quality of life
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According to Hofstede's research, which of the following is a typical value of a masculine culture?
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Traditional roles for men and women
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People from U.S. often think that individual choke and achievement is important. This is an example of
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Cultural value
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Which culture would be considered a low-context culture?
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U.S.
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Characteristic of a high-context culture?
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Unspoken cues are a rich information source
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Which of the following is true about culture context
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It is communicated primarily through environment and nonverbal cues
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The sense of confusion, anxiety, stress, or loss experience when encountering a culture difference from one's own is referred to as
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Culture shock
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The perceptions shared by a group of people about their key beliefs and issues is their
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Worldview
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Larry visits a Russian company to present a business proposal. His interaction with this group would be considered an example of
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Intercultural Communication
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A cultural group within a larger culture is referred to as a
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Co-culture
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A learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, and norms shared by a group of people is a
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Culture
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Ethnicity is a social classification based on a number of factors, including
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All of these
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What fraction of immigrants on Earth come from US?
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2/3
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A common pattern in this culture is for one person's self-disclosure to be followed by a similar self-disclosure from the other person. This is the characteristic of self-disclosure known as
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Reciprocity
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According to your book, men's friendships with other men are based on
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Shared activities
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Altiman and Taylor's model of social penetration illustrates
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How much and what kind of information we reveal in various stages of a relationship
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As the level of intimacy in a relationship increases, the amount of self-disclosure
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Decreases
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Altman and Taylor's model of self-disclosure, communication between partners at the the intimate level is
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Both broad and deep
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When considering what kinds of information should not be disclosed to Miriam on their first date, Ronald has to consider the ______ of each bit of that information
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Appropriateness
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It is rare for a long-term relationship to be maintained solely on the basis of what you initially found attractive.
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True
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The notion of "quality" of our communication implies that we treat the other person as a unique human being rather than as a role
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True
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When we respond to the cashier at a local market by his/her role rather than a unique human, we are engaging in impersonal communication
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True
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We are less likely to be attracted to people who are far away from us physically and geographically
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True
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You may be physically attracted to someone but not sexually attracted to them
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True
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Another term used to describe a conversational narcissist is
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Self-absorbed communicator
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Which of the following statements best describes the focus of uncertainty reduction theory?
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How we use information about other people in order to understand them better
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Nonverbal cues that indicate likely are referred to as
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Immediacy
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A communication strategy of reducing our uncertainty by observing others and observing situations is describing a ______ strategy.
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Passive
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The idea of complementarity is that
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We are attracted to people who are opposite from ourselves on certain qualities and needs
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When do relationships of circumstance occur?
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When the lives of two people overlap in some way
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The tendency to seek out individuals who represent the same level of physical attractiveness as ourselves is explained as
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Matching hypothesis
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Which of the following is true concerning physical and sexual attraction?
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People can be physically attracted to someone that they do not find sexually attractive
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The degree to which we desire to form and possibly maintain an interpersonal relationship with another person is called
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Interpersonal attraction
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In managing your emotions, all of the following guidelines are helpful except
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Discussing only disadvantages of possible solutions
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Which of the following is an appropriate example of "owning" your feel ins by using an "I" message?
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"I feel unappreciated when you do not respond to my questions"
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In order to manage your emotions in a conflict situation, it would be helpful to do which of the following
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Use self-talk to calm your emotions
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When people engage in one conflict in the place of another symbolically related one, they are engaging in
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Symbolic displacement
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Which of the following statements is true concerning verbal aggression?
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A link exists between verbal aggression and physical aggression or abuse
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people who use blame as a strategy for winning a conflict are using which conflict style?
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Confrontational
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Placating, distracting, and computing responses are types of what conflict style?
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Non confrontational
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A cooperative approach to conflict is one in which we
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View conflict as a set of problems to be solved
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Argumentative episodes that focused on a given issue that occur at least twice are called
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Serial arguments
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The ability to influence another in the direction we desire is
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Interpersonal power
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Which of the following is the most notable contributing factor to a destructive conflict?
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Lack of flexibility
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Tensions between stability and change is the _______ dialectic
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Predictability vs. change
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Tension between revealing information and maintaining privacy is the ______ dialectic
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Openness vs. closedness
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The tension between personal freedom and shared actives is the _______ dialectic
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Autonomy vs. connection
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A perspective that revolves around how relational partners manage tensions is called
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Relational dialectics
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In general, relationships can _______, and they can ______ when they escalate
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Be exploratory intensify
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A couple experiences significantly less interaction and begins to no longer depend as much on one another for support. They also begin to question whether their relationship has a future. This illustrates which stage in relational de-escalation?
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De-intensification stage
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The relationship stage of which you begin to spend more time together, begin depending upon each other for self-confirmation, and increases the variety of activities you participate in together is the ______ stage.
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Intensification
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Research has found that most adults tend to have on average _____ best friends
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1 to 2
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Nonverbal cues that complement are those that take place of a verbal message
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False
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Using one's voice to add intensity to a particular word is an example of using a nonverbal accent cue
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True
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Nonverbal cues are only important at the early stages of relationships
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False
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Nonverbal cues can register on our senses from a variety of sources at the same time
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True
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Verbal communication is more believable than nonverbal communication
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False
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Nonverbal messages that reinforce a verbal message to _____ that message.
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Accent
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University of Texas fans show the pinkie finger and the index finger to represent the sign, "Hook 'em horns", a reference to their mascot. This is an example of a
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Emblem
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Displays of culture such as clothing, jewelry, and makeup, are called
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Artifacts
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Kinesics is a general term for
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Human movement, gestures, and posture
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The statement, "Nonverbal communication is non-linguistic" means that
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Nonverbal messages do not conform to the patterns of language
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Which of the following statements accurately expresses the difference between verbal and nonverbal behavior?
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Verbal behavior is less ambiguous; nonverbal is more ambiguous
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A strategy for checking the accuracy of your interpretation of another person's nonverbal behavior is called
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Perception checking
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Which of the following nonverbal cues would be considered to be universal?
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Raising your eyebrows when meeting someone
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According to the expectancy violation model, which of the following will not influence our response to a message
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The aggressiveness of the communicator
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Which of the following statements is true of nonverbal communication in relationships?
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Nonverbal cues often signal changes in the level of satisfaction with a relationship
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The reason we say that nonverbal communication is more believable than verbal communication is that
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Verbal communication is a conscious activity, much of our nonverbal is not
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According to Mehrabian, nonverbal communication conveys _____ percent of the emotional meaning of our messages
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93%
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According to Mehrabian's research, the most significant source of emotional meaning in our communication is
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Our face
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A person with a high handshake index may be perceived to be
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Extroverted
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Nonverbal communication may best be defined as
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Communication other than written or spoken language
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Meanings reside in words
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False
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Bypassing rarely occurs between two people who are fluent in English
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False
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The denotative meaning of the word "home" can be found in the dictionary
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True
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A gesture can be interpreted as a symbol
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True
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A learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, rules, and norms that is shared by a group of people and shared from one generation to the next is called a
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Culture
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Using the term "chairman" for both men and women who serve as the presiding officer at a meeting would be an example of
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Sexist language
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Using the terms "husband and wife" rather than "partner" demonstrates
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Heterosexist bias
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Bias in language can be directed against
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All of the above
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When words reflect unqualified often untrue generalization that deny individual differences among people, they become the language barrier of
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Allness
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Select the phrase that uses the least biased language
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The linguists received their training at Oxford
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A new word introduced into a language is called a
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Neologism
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Which of the following is the most abstract?
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Education
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Which of the following words is the most concrete
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Sailing
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The rules and standards that structure language are called
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Grammar
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______ meaning conveys the content of what a word means, and the ______ meaning contains the feelings behind words
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Denotative; Connotative
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The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggests which of the following?
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Thought is rooted in and controlled by language
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Is a person's interpretation of a symbol
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Meaning
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A word, sound, gesture, or visual signal that represents a thought, concept, or object is a
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Symbol
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Language that assumes that a given subgroup in a population is invisible or nonexistent
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Exclusive language
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Language that reveals an assumption that the world is heterosexual
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Heterosexist Language
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A restrictive or literal meaning of a word
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Denotative meaning
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A personal and subjective meaning of a word
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Connotative meaning
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Language that overtly denigrates persons of non-heterosexual orientations
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Homophobic language
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Related to an inability to experience a referent with one of the senses
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Abstract meaning
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The same words mean different things to different people
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Bypassing
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Related to being able to experience a referent with one of the senses
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Concrete meaning
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Aristotle's definition of rhetoric includes
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The process of discovering all the available means of persuasion
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Which of the following is an example of presentational communication?
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Oprah Winfrey delivers a graduation speech
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Which of the following could best be described as an example of impersonal communication?
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Asking the teller at the bank to cash a check
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Which of the following is an attribute of interpersonal communication?
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Interpersonal communication involves mutual influence
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Language consists of
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Symbols and rules
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Which of the following is an example of nonverbal communication
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Smiling at a friend
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Which of the following statements is accurate concerning listening?
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Effective listeners are other-oriented
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Which of the following is an example of interpersonal communication?
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Mentally reviewing what you have to do that day
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All communication involves rules that define appropriate behavior what factors influence these rules?
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Both A and C
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The aspect of communication focuses on how something is communicated, and refers to emotions, attitudes, and power, is describing the
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Relationship dimension
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The aspect of communication that focuses on what is said, including new information, ideas, and suggested actions
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Content
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The fact that we communicate with others nonverbally even when we may not intend to do so demonstrates that communication is
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Inescapable
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The terms feedback and context are introduced in which of the communication models?
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Communication as interaction
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The model of communication referred to as "human communication as action" may be summarized with the phrase:
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Communication takes place when messages are sent and received
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When we interpret, which of the following may be involved?
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All of these can be include in interpreting experiences
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What is another word for decoding?
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Interpretation
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The study of communication is important because of which of the following?
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All of the above are reasons to study communication
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Dr. Johnson posted an announcement in her course web page saying she would administer an exam on Thursday. The day of the exam she found most students had not taken exam or were ill prepared. What aspect of communication competence does this misunderstanding illustrate?
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The message should achieve its intended effect
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In your book, the primary distinction between the definition of communication and human communication involves
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Making sense out of the world
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The process of acting upon information is the definition of
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Communication
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In your speech to a group of high school students, you explain how you have seen people do stupid things at parties as a result of drinking. What form of reasoning have you used?
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Causal
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A new framework for understanding persuasion is called the ______ and focuses on how audience members interpret persuasive messages.
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ELM
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Using force to achieve your goal is called
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Coercion
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Using emotion may be referred to as
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Pathos
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Which of the following is a recommended strategy for an unreceptive audience?
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Acknowledge opposing points of view
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"All ministers are honest people; Rev. Thompson is a minister; therefore, Rev. Thompson is an honest man" is an example of
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A syllogism
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Visualization is a step that is included in the _______ organizational pattern
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Motivated sequence
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The perception the audience forms of you as you present your speech is _______ credibility
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Derived
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Adapting your message to your audience, establishing common ground, and using good evidence are all ways of developing
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Derived credibility
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The motivated sequence is a modified version of what organizational pattern?
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Problem and solution
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Charisma is a form of
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Dynamism
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Credibility is the audience's perception of a speaker's
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Competence, trust, and dynamism
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The statement "The administration should create a mechanism that would prevent absences from school-sponsored activities from hurting students' grades" is a proposition of
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Policy
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A proposition is basically a
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Central Idea
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"At the end of my speech, the audience will acknowledge that volcanoes contribute more to global warming than motor vehicles" is an example of a speech that targets a
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belief
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"At the end of my speech, the audience will prefer drinking water to drinking soda" is an example of a speech that targets an
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Attitude
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One of you classmates argues in his persuasive speech, "What starving people need first is food and clean water - not counseling about the sad state of their governments, not advice about ways to attract new industry, and not pity over the loss of their self-esteem." What principle of persuasive speaking is this class member effectively using?
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Basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level ones are considered
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Creating a sense of discomfort by pointing out inconsistencies, then offering a way to reduce that discomfort, is a persuasive strategy called
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Cognitive dissonance
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The primary difference between a persuasive speech and an informative speech is that a persuasive speech
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Attempts to change or reinforce the attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior of others
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The process of changing or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior is the process of
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Persuading
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Mark heard a great joke about a computer network administrator. He decided to use it in his speech about financial aid. He noticed people confused. What tip for using humor did Mark fail to follow?
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Use humor to make a point
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David is informing the audience about an impending tuition hike. In the introduction, he tells the audience, "This affects all of us in this room; affects our attitudes about school, our pocketbooks, and stress levels". This statement was designed to
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Indicate how the topic relates to the audience
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Enrique said, "Listen carefully, this is the most convincing reason why life is likely to exist on other planets". He is using which of the following techniques to make his presentation memorable?
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Reinforcing key ideas verbally
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Which of the following is not the kind of information adults prefer?
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Information for the sake of knowing
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You can reinforce key ideas nonverbally by
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Gesturing to emphasize key phrases
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When a presentation is being given to adults, it is important to
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Relate their life experiences to what they will be learning
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Adapting your presentation to your audience's "mental-in-baskets" related to which of the following
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Using adult learning principles
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What does your book suggest about building in redundancy in presentations?
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It gives the audience a chance to catch a point again if they happen to miss it.
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"Tell them what you are going to tell them, and tell them what you told them" is one way to describe the informative technique of
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Building redundancy into the speech
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What does your book say about the use of humor in a speech
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Cartoons and quotations are good ways to introduce humor into your speech
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A word picture helps make your message more vivid and interesting by
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Using words that appeal to the senses of sight, smell, taste, tough, or sound
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"Walking through Baton Rouge in August is like having a steamy washcloth draped over your face". This statement is an example of a
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Word picture
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Which of the following is recommended by your book when using an interpreter?
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Even though an interpreter is needed, you should not assume that no one in the audience will speak your language
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Descriptions that appeal to your senses are
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Word pictures
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Each of the following is recommended as a method to make your presentation interesting EXCEPT
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Build in redundancy
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An effective method for helping your audience relate new information to old is to
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Use analogies
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One of the methods used to make your presentation interesting is to
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Use attention-catching supporting material
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When teaching a process, it is helpful to follow the acronym T-E-A-C-H, which stands for the following
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Tell, example, apply, coach, help
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A speech that describes how something works, or a process of how a particular outcome is produced, is a speech about a
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Procedure
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A presentation about _____ would be a speech about a procedure
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How to perform a search on the internet
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What does your book recommend regarding vocal rate?
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Vary your rate to add interest and emphasize key ideas
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In using a stationary microphone your book recommends that you
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Both B and D are appropriate recommendations
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A speech style common to an ethnic group or a geographic region is known as a
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Dialect
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Changing the pitch of your voice to help communicate the meaning of your words is called
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Inflection
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Which of the following is a recommendation for your posture when giving a presentation
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Avoid sitting during a presentation
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What criteria does your book offer for using movement during your presentation?
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No movement is better than random, distracting movement
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Which of the following is a recommendation for eye contact?
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Establish eye contact before you say anything
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Which of the following is not a recommendation on the use of gestures?
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Use as many gestures as possible so long as they are natural and not forced
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Parallelism, antithesis, and repetition can all be used to create _____ in a presentation
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Cadence
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"Ice cream is a sweet indulgence, but it has bitter consequences", is an example of ______
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Antithesis
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The statement, "Now is the time for determination, decisiveness, and dedication" employs what linguistic device?
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Alliteration
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Rev. Jesse Jackson says, "We must relate instead of debate; we must inspire instead of retire; we must repair instead of despair". Rev. Jackson is using all of the following stylistic devices EXCEPT
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Simile
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A commercial for an international airline uses upbeat music and vivid images of exotic animals and beautiful scenery. It also includes the following statements, "This home, this land, this Africa". Which element of dramatic language is effectively employed?
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Repetition
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The stylistic devices of omission, inversion, and suspension are methods used to
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Achieve a sense of drama in a speech
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What figure of speech is reflected in the statement, "Family loyalty is the very life blood, the very backbone of our society"?
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Metaphor
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Which of the following is true of effective verbal delivery
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Simple words can communicate accuracy and power
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The rhythm of language is called
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Cadence
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According to your book, the delivery style that is appropriate to most circumstances is
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Extemporaneous speaking
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Which of the following suggestions are made for using manuscript speeches?
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Use manuscript speaking when you have to speak on a sensitive, critical, or controversial issue
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Which method of delivery is a speaker using when he or she writes out their speech word for word and delivers it from that text?
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Manuscript speaking
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