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In his hierarchy of human needs, Maslow argues that some needs must be fulfilled before others become salient. According to this perspective, the most basic need is

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physiological

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One group refused to sit down with or even acknowledge the other, believing that their own heritage was superior and they should not associate with the lesser group. This lack of respect for other cultures, which has even prompted warfare, is known as

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ethnocentrism

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Even when an audience finds a speech interesting, they will wonder about its relevance to them. At what point in the speech should you establish the significance of your topic?

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the introduction

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Which of the following is sound advice to follow when you develop the conclusion of any speech?

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The conclusion should be relatively brief

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According to scholar's studies, a carefully organized speech will

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enhance credibility as well as promote learning and retention

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if you aspire to be an effective public speaker, how should you regard keeping up with local, national, and world news?

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doing so allows you to identify potential speech topics and begin forming opinions and arguments

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Rene's thesis statement is: "Americans should read more books and should join a fitness club." What is common mistake has Rene made in constructing her thesis?

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presenting too may ideas for a single speech

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Which of the following statements about the ethics of public speaking is true? As ethical speakers we

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cannot be completely neutral toward ideas we know or care about

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A good piece of literature for oral interpretation is

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universal, individual, all of the above

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The best way to form a connection with your audience while performing is

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to maintain eye contact throughout the whole performance

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When using testimony, it is important to

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quote experts who are not motivated by self-interest

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To adequately support the assertions made in a speech, a speaker should

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use a variety of good evidence, making clear it's credibility

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_____ is the degree to which information is agreed upon by experts or is otherwise redundant and verifiable

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accuracy

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What is the best way to practice your speech, to make sure you are well prepared, and to help you manage your communication apprehension?

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prepare well in advance, so you can practice for several days prior to your speech

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Speaker with ______ do all they can to avoid speaking in public, even if the "public" is a group of people they know from their church or neighborhood. Even informal speeches to small groups make these people nervous.

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trait anxiety

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What is the result of high communication apprehension for students?

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they typically interact less, learn less, and earn lower grades than their peers

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Public speaking in a democratic society must be ____.

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grounded in a strong code of ethics and commitment to the public good

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Being a "good citizen" entails _____.

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deliberating with others with a view toward arriving at sound collective decisions

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To get involved in politics today and make a difference, one must ____.

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learn to speak in a manner that fosters respect and helps find solutions to problems

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The ultimate purpose of this type of speech is to help the audience gain some understanding of a theory, concept, process, program, procedure, or other phenomenon

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a speech to inform

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The key to using visual aids effectively is to ___.

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control and direct the audience's attention

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Researchers have found that human brains extract information more quickly and easily from ______.

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an audiovisual message

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Audiences typically prefer the use of _____ in visual communications

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vivid colors

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_____ helps citizens to recognize the difference between an informed opinion and one grounded in ignorance and prejudice

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keeping up with current events from multiple, credible sources and weighing all arguments

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"If you really hope to make a difference, you can't ignore politics." Why is this statement accurate?

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many of the problems we face are, in the final analysis, political problems

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When paraphrasing, what is one's ethical responsibility with regard to citing sources?

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cite a source any time you've used another person's ideas or insights

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What proportion of U.S. citizens vote, in comparison to voters in other of the world's democracies?

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U.S. citizens trail most of the world's other democracies

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Which of the following is the most accurate regarding the demographics of an audience?

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demographics may suggest certain tendencies, but you can never really predict human behavior and responses

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What should a speaker understand about religious topics?

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we cannot ignore the role of religion in public life and must respect differences

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You have been asked to present a speech. At what point should you conduct audience analysis?

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from the moment you begin planning the speech until after you've spoken

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Experts attribute our apparent inability to pay attention to a speech for longer than 12 or 15 minutes at a time to our______

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watching commercial television

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By listening carefully to other's arguments, we do all of the following except

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communicate in a sense of healthy suspicion in this era of widespread fraud

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Empathic listening is defines as

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listening with the goal of showing understanding and support

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The true value of a speech must be judged by

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the outcome for the speaker and the listeners

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What is the relationship between listening and speaking?

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listening carefully to others provides insights for effective speaking

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If you experience speech anxiety, one of your goals during this course should be _____.

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to manage it, using a variety of techniques

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____ refers to any interference that distorts or interrupts message flow.

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noise

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How does public speaking compare to a casual conversation?

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a speech is more carefully planned, organized, and worded, although a speaker can also employ a conversational style

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Audience adaptation is best described as

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focusing the message on their needs, interests, beliefs, and level of knowledge

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The best psychological defense for speech anxiety is

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being able to say that you are prepared

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