Speech Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) – Flashcards
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Why are public speaking classes valuable?
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They help you find your voice; personal, social and cultural benefits
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Why is freedom of speech important?
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It allows you to be a responsible citizen of the US
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____ occurs when audience members experience a shared sense of purpose with the speaker.
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Identification
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What is a stereotype?
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Generalizations that purport to represent the essential nature of races, genders, religious affirmations, and sexual orientation.
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Audience expectations best characterize the ____ of public speaking transactions.
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Psychological setting
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Which historical figure is credited with discussing the three genres of deliberate, forensic, and ceremonial speaking?
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Aristotle
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____ refers to the messages listeners send back to a speaker while he or she is speaking.
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Feedback
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Who wrote the classic dialogue on communication ethics entitled Phaedrus?
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Plato
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When listening to a speech, Joe is distracted by the sound of students yelling in the hallway. Which of the following barriers to effective communication does this example refer to?
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Interference
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According to the NACE study, _____ skills are considered to be the most important attribute for securing professional level employment.
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Oral communication
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What does "responsible knowledge" include?
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Main points of concern, what the experts say, and recent events and discoveries.
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The first amendment of the constitution guarantees what two freedoms?
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Speech and Religion
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Which popular metaphor is widely criticized for creating a monolithic stereotype of American culture?
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"Melting Pot"
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_____ refers to the tendency to presume that our culture is "right" and the standard against which other cultures should be judged.
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Ethnocentrism
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What is the effect of quoting out of context?
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Distorting a source's intended meaning
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Johnny has practiced and prepared an excellent presentation, but he's so convinced that he will get nervous that he actually gets himself nervous before and during his presentation. This exemplifies what common cause of communication anxiety?
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Suicidal predications
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Why is some communication anxiety a good thing?
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help you psych up for the presentation and you can learn to channel nervousness into positive energy
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The importance of the situation will likely affect communication anxiety in what way?
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An unfamiliar setting can raise anxiety
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What approach to managing communication anxiety focuses on tensing and relaxing various muscle groups?
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Selective relaxation
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Before making presentations, Trisha likes to focus on exclusively on making her presentation successful. This illustrates what approach to managing communication anxiety?
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Visualization
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Replacing the thought, "Everyone will laugh at my speech because I sound so dumb" with "I've done my research and I know what I'm talking about" is an example of ____.
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Cognitive restructuring
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How can listeners help speakers cope with communication anxiety?
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By the way that you listen: listen to the speaker attentively, and look pleasant and encouraging.
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What should you do when you walk to the podium?
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Act confident: walk briskly, establish eye contact, look at your audience and listeners
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What are the basic skills that are crucial to putting together an effective presentation?
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Visualize yourself making an effective; focus on your ideas; speak naturally; present extemporaneously; Eye contact; Practice from notecards; Rehearse
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What element of ethos can a speaker most enhance simply by smiling?
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Goodwill
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Which part of narrative speech design sets the scene for an unfolding story?
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Prologue
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Which attribute of ethos is enhanced by citing authoritative sources?
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Competence
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What type of speech design is based upon a story?
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Narrative
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What is the first step in preparing your speech?
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Find and focus your topic
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What characteristic does a speaker who demonstrates ethical, honest, and dependable behavior convey?
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Integrity
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What kind of language use is especially important to developing effective narratives?
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Colorful, concrete and active
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Mary's self-introduction speech focuses on how her mother shaped her personality. What is the best speech design for Mary's speech?
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Causation
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Which part of the speech should the speaker prepare first?
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The body
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What planned strategies do speakers use to let their audiences know they are through with one point or part of their speech, and moving onto the next?
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Transitions
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How should you practice your speech?
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Visualize yourself being effective; focus on ideas; speak naturally; present extemporaneously; eye contact; practice from keyword outline; rehearse
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What are the elements of ethos?
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competence, goodwill, integrity, and dynamism
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When considering prospective topic areas, what are the questions speakers should ask themselves?
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Is it interesting to me? Is it interesting to my audience? Can I research and prepare on this topic in the time given?
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Ethos includes audience perceptions of what?
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Of you as the speaker
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Which activity occupies the greatest amount of time we spend communicating in the workplace?
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Listening
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What form of listening is particularly important to protect us from the designs of dishonest speakers?
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Critical listening
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Speakers who talk too rapidly or too slowly may contribute to which barrier to effective listening?
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Presentation problems
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If you are listening to a lecture about Cherokee native Americans and it reminds you of driving your Jeep Cherokee in the mud, you have succumbed to what barrier to effective listening?
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Inattention
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Thinking about the date you have after class represents what form of listening barrier?
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Inattention
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Getting up and closing a window or door because you are having trouble hearing would be one way to handle what sort of problem?
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Noise problems
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What kind of reaction does a trigger word invoke in listeners?
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Either positive or negative reactions
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Jeff believes the fed gov needs to cut spending, yet he refuses to consider a proposal to cut spending because it is supported by members of the "other party." What barrier to effective listening does Jeff's behavior reflect?
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Bias
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What is the first step in overcoming bias?
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Recognize that you have them
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What is the characteristic of evidence that directly relates to the issues being discussed?
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Relevant
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What critical standard of effective evidence use would be violated if a speaker used examples of juvenile crime in Europe to argue that American kids are out of control?
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Representativeness
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What is a statement that contains personal judgements?
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Opinions
